CN114669873B - High-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for medium-thickness titanium alloy T-shaped joint - Google Patents
High-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for medium-thickness titanium alloy T-shaped joint Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ar].[W] Chemical compound [Ar].[W] NGONBPOYDYSZDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Natural products CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for a medium-thickness plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint, and belongs to the technical field of metal material welding. The method adopts a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding titanium alloy T-shaped joint for a medium plate ship, 2 laser beams are split by a laser according to a 50% energy splitting principle and are transmitted to two laser welding heads through optical fibers, the left and right laser welding heads are symmetrically distributed along the center line of a welding path of the T-shaped joint, two laser beams are emitted by the symmetrically distributed laser welding heads and simultaneously act on two sides of the T-shaped joint, laser spots on two sides are symmetrically distributed along the center line of a welding seam of the joint, and welding is synchronously carried out. The method can realize double-sided once penetration welding molding of the T-shaped titanium alloy joint for the ship with the thickness of 6-20 mm, is beneficial to reducing welding deformation and improves welding quality and welding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material welding, and particularly relates to a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for a titanium alloy T-shaped joint of a medium plate.
Background
For welding a T-shaped material of a titanium alloy medium-thickness (6 mm-20 mm) plate with a pressure-bearing structure, in order to meet the requirement of welding penetration of the root of a welding joint of the T-shaped material of the titanium alloy and meet the technical requirement of welding quality, the traditional welding method is to open a large-angle groove, then filling the cover surface for welding by adopting tungsten argon arc welding (GTAW) or fusion gas shielded welding (GMAW), the welding efficiency is low, the heat input is large, the deformation after welding is large, the distortion is often caused, the subsequent shape correction difficulty is extremely large, the deformation is serious, the section cannot be repaired, and the parts are unqualified.
The following method is commonly adopted for laser welding of T-shaped materials: one method is that the T joint is once welded thoroughly by single-pass laser, the single-pass laser power is required to be large enough to penetrate the thickness of the web, the method has high welding efficiency, but the welding deformation is large, the perpendicularity and the bending degree of the T section bar are difficult to ensure, and the defects of unfused side walls and the like of the welded joint are easy to occur; the second method is to weld the two sides separately by two times, the welding deformation is larger, the welding efficiency is low, the anti-twisting capability is weaker, and the deformation after welding is difficult to correct; the third method is to adopt single-sided or double-sided grooves, firstly, low-power laser welding is used for backing, root penetration is realized, and then GTAW, GMAW, laser filler wire or laser compound welding is used for single-sided filling cover surface; and the fourth is to adopt laser-GMAW composite welding, and the method can realize one-sided or double-sided one-time welding forming, but the laser arc composite device is more complex, and has poorer flexibility and accessibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for a titanium alloy T-shaped joint of a medium plate, which realizes one-time penetration welding forming of the titanium alloy T-shaped joint of the medium plate, meets the requirements of high quality, high dimensional accuracy and high welding efficiency, is beneficial to reducing welding deformation, and has high equipment integration level and good flexibility and accessibility.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for a medium-thickness plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint adopts a laser to divide energy according to 50%, divides two lasers, and transmits the two lasers to two laser welding joints symmetrically arranged on two sides of a T-shaped joint web respectively through optical fibers;
In the welding process, laser beams emitted by two laser welding heads simultaneously act on welding seams at two sides of a T-shaped joint, the laser beams and laser spots at two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam of the T-shaped joint, and welding is synchronously performed at the same welding speed;
The included angle between the laser beam and the T-shaped joint panel is 5-20 degrees, and the power of the laser is 10-20 kw.
In one embodiment, parameters including output form, power, defocus amount, laser inclination angle, offset amount and welding speed of the laser are respectively set before welding according to plate thickness and process requirements, and the welding process parameters of the laser beams at two sides are kept consistent.
Further, the protection covers are arranged on two sides of the T-shaped joint web plate, and the protection covers are used for ensuring that a high-temperature area is in a pure argon atmosphere in the welding process.
Further, the included angle between the laser beam and the welding direction is 90-105 degrees.
Further, the laser beam forms an angle of 5 ° with the T-joint panel.
Further, the welding speed is 30-150 cm/min.
Further, the thickness of the panel and the web of the T-shaped joint is 6-20 mm.
The invention adopts the high-power optical fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding of the titanium alloy T-shaped joint of the medium plate, and can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can realize double-sided once penetration welding forming of the T-shaped titanium alloy joint for the ship with the thickness of 6-20 mm, is beneficial to reducing welding deformation and improving welding quality and welding efficiency;
2. The laser sources of the laser welding heads at the two sides HIGYAG are emitted by one laser, so that the equipment integration level is high, and the flexibility and the accessibility are good;
3. The welding of the T-shaped joint of the titanium alloy for the ship with different specifications can be realized by adjusting the output form, the power, the laser inclination angle, the offset, the defocusing amount, the welding speed and other parameters of the laser beams at two sides, and the process applicability is good;
4. the two beams of laser are symmetrically and synchronously welded, and are molded at one time, so that the welding efficiency is high;
5. the maximum output power of the laser can reach 20kW, and the requirement of the laser penetration capability of the titanium alloy of the medium plate can be met;
6. The high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding is adopted, the laser melting pool and the small Kong Reyuan are mutually coupled and interacted, and compared with single-beam laser, the penetration capacity of laser energy can be obviously improved;
7. The high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding is adopted, the stress among the base metal, the welding line and the heat affected zone is mutually constrained and interacted, the overall welding stress can be obviously reduced, the deformation after welding is reduced, the perpendicularity precision of the web is high, and the high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding has excellent buckling deformation resistance;
8. The invention can realize double-sided one-step welding forming of the titanium alloy T-shaped joint for the medium plate ship, has no introduction of other heat sources such as electric arc and the like in the whole welding process, and is beneficial to reducing welding deformation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding medium plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is an appearance of a weld joint of a T-shaped titanium alloy T-shaped material of 10mm T10 mm in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic cross section of the 10mm T5 titanium alloy T profile of example 1;
FIG. 4 is an appearance of weld joints of the Ti80 titanium alloy T profile of 16mm, 16mm in example 2;
fig. 5 is a macroscopic cross section of a T-section of the 16mm j 16mm ti80 titanium alloy of example 2.
In the figure, 1, panel, 2, web, 3, left laser, 4, right laser, 5, left laser welding head, 6, right laser welding head, 7, left protective cover, 8, right protective cover, 9, left pure argon, 10, right pure argon, 11, left optical fiber, 12, right optical fiber, 13, laser, 14, left deep-melt weld, 15, right deep-melt weld, 16, left melt pool and aperture, 17, right melt pool and aperture, 18, welding direction.
Detailed Description
The application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings are shown only in connection with the present disclosure, and are therefore not intended to limit the scope of the application, since any modification, variation in proportions, or adjustment of the size, which would otherwise be used by those skilled in the art, would not have the essential significance of the present disclosure, would still fall within the scope of the present disclosure without affecting the efficacy or achievement of the present disclosure. Meanwhile, references in the specification to azimuth or positional relationships such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc. are based on the azimuth or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description and simplification of operations, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus referred to must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The application provides a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for a titanium alloy T-shaped joint of a medium plate, which adopts the high-power optical fiber laser double-gun to synchronously and symmetrically weld the titanium alloy T-shaped joint of the medium plate, does not need to be beveled, can realize one-time welding forming, and improves the welding efficiency and reduces the welding deformation while ensuring that the root penetration is met.
As shown in fig. 1, a base material consists of a panel 1 and a web 2, which are vertically placed to form a T-shaped joint to be welded; the laser 13 can be divided into two beams of laser light through the left optical fiber 11 and the right optical fiber 12 according to 50 percent energy division, and the two beams of laser light are respectively transmitted to the left laser welding head 5 and the right laser welding head 6; the laser adopts an IPG laser, and the power range of the laser is 10-20 KW; the left laser welding head 5 and the right laser welding head 6 adopt HIGYAG laser welding heads. The left laser welding head 5 and the right laser welding head 6 are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam, and the left laser 3 and the right laser 4 emitted by the laser heads at the two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam; the two lasers act on two sides of the T-shaped joint at the same time, and laser spots on the two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam of the T-shaped joint and are welded synchronously. The left side deep-melting weld joint 14 and the right side deep-melting weld joint 15 are obtained by adjusting the laser power and the defocus of the left side laser 3 and the right side laser 4 so as to form a left side molten pool and a right side molten pool and a small hole 17 which are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the T-shaped joint.
When welding is performed specifically, the included angle between the laser beam and the T-shaped joint panel is 5-20 degrees, preferably 5 degrees, and when the included angle between the laser beam and the T-shaped joint panel is 5 degrees, the welding penetration of the root of the T-shaped joint is most facilitated, and the anti-torsion capability is strong. The included angle between the laser beam and the welding direction is 90-105 degrees.
In the welding process, the left deep-melting welding seam 14 is always in the protection of the left protective cover 7 and the left pure argon gas 9, and the right deep-melting welding seam 15 is always in the protection of the right protective cover 8 and the right pure argon gas 10; the relative positions of the left laser 3, the left laser welding head 5 and the left protective cover 7 are fixed, and the relative positions of the right laser 4, the right laser welding head 6 and the right protective cover 8 are fixed; the left laser 3 and the right laser 4 synchronously move on the base material along the taught welding direction 18 according to the same welding speed, and one-step forming of the T-shaped joint weld joint of the titanium alloy of the medium plate can be realized.
The invention provides a high-power optical fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding medium plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint, which comprises the following specific implementation processes:
1. Cleaning base materials: firstly, pickling a titanium alloy base material panel 1 and a web plate 2, cleaning a region to be welded within a range of 30mm by adopting a hard alloy grinding head, and finally wiping the region to be welded by adopting acetone or absolute alcohol;
2. gas protection: the front surfaces of the two sides of the welding line are respectively provided with a left protective cover 7 and a right protective cover 8, so that the high-temperature areas in the welding process are protected by the left pure argon 9 and the right pure argon 10;
3. Parameter setting: setting parameters such as output forms, power, defocus amount, laser inclination angle, offset amount, welding speed and the like of the left laser 3 and the right laser 4 according to plate thickness and process requirements, wherein the welding process parameters of laser beams at two sides are kept consistent;
When welding, the welding speed is 30-150 cm/min. Preferably, for a titanium alloy T-joint with 6mm of both the panel and the web, the laser beam power on both sides is 5000W, and the welding speed is 1.5m/min. For the titanium alloy T-shaped joint with the panel and the web plate of 20mm, the power of laser beams at two sides is 10000W, and the welding speed is 30cm/min.
4. Position teaching: setting a certain laser angle and offset, teaching the weld joint position along the welding direction 18 and simulating welding;
5. Starting welding: after the indication laser reaches the initial welding position, starting the left laser 3 and the right laser 4 at the same time;
6. and (3) welding: the left laser 3, the left laser welding head 5 and the left protective cover 7 are fixed in relative positions, the right laser 4, the right laser welding head 6 and the right protective cover 8 are fixed in relative positions, and the left laser 3 and the right laser 4 synchronously move on a base material along a taught welding direction 18 according to the same welding speed, so that one-step forming of the T-shaped joint weld joint of the titanium alloy of the medium plate can be realized.
7. And (3) welding is finished: after reaching the welding end position, the lasers on the two sides are turned off, the argon atmosphere is kept for about 30 seconds, and the welding is ended.
The following examples 1 and 2 were each welded based on the above-described procedure of step 1 to step 7.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the appearance of the TA5 titanium alloy T-shaped joint and the macroscopic section view of the welding seam are formed by adopting high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding, the panel and the web are 10mm, the high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding realizes the double-sided once penetration welding forming of the T-shaped joint with the thickness of 10mm, and welding process specifications are selected: the laser power at both sides is 6000W, the defocusing amount is +10mm, the welding speed is 60cm/min, the included angle between the laser beam and the panel is 20 degrees, the laser beam is perpendicular to the welding direction, and the protective gas at the front and the back of the welding is 99.99% pure argon.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the appearance of the Ti80 titanium alloy T-joint and the macroscopic section view of the welding seam are formed by adopting high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding, the panel and the web are 16mm, the high-power fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding realizes the double-sided once penetration welding forming of the T-joint with the thickness of 16mm, and the welding process specification is selected: the laser power at both sides is 8500W, the defocusing amount is +10mm, the welding speed is 36cm/min, the included angle between the laser beam and the panel is 5 degrees, the included angle between the laser beam and the welding direction is 105 degrees, the laser beam inclines forwards in the welding direction, and the protective gas for the front and the back of the welding is 99.99% pure argon.
In conclusion, the high-power optical fiber laser double-gun synchronous symmetrical welding T-shaped joint is adopted, the one-time welding forming of the marine titanium alloy T-shaped joint with the thickness of 6-20 mm is realized, the root penetration of the joint is ensured, the welding efficiency is improved, the welding deformation is reduced, and the welding device can be used in structures such as marine titanium alloy structural members, marine engineering pressure-resistant shells and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the idea of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for the medium-thickness titanium alloy T-shaped joint is characterized in that a laser is adopted to divide energy according to 50%, two lasers are divided and are respectively transmitted to two laser welding heads symmetrically arranged on two sides of a T-shaped joint web through optical fibers; in the welding process, laser beams emitted by two laser welding heads simultaneously act on welding seams at two sides of a T-shaped joint, the laser beams and laser spots at two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam of the T-shaped joint, and welding is synchronously performed at the same welding speed; the included angle between the laser beam and the T-shaped joint panel is 5 degrees, the power of the laser is 10-20 kw, the included angle between the laser beam and the welding direction is 105 degrees, the welding speed is 30-150 cm/min, the thicknesses of the T-shaped joint panel and the web are 6-20 mm, and the defocusing amount is +10mm;
The laser (13) can be divided into two beams of laser light through a left side optical fiber (11) and a right side optical fiber (12) according to 50 percent energy distribution, and the two beams of laser light are respectively transmitted to a left side laser welding head (5) and a right side laser welding head (6); the laser adopts an IPG laser, and the power range of the laser is 10-20 KW; the left laser welding head (5) and the right laser welding head (6) adopt HIGHYAG laser welding heads, the left laser welding head (5) and the right laser welding head (6) are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam, and the left laser (3) and the right laser (4) emitted by the laser heads at the two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of the welding seam; two beams of laser simultaneously act on two sides of the T-shaped joint, laser spots on the two sides are symmetrically distributed along the central line of a welding line of the T-shaped joint, and welding is synchronously carried out; the laser power and the defocus amount of the left laser (3) and the right laser (4) are regulated so as to form a left molten pool and a small hole (16) and a right molten pool and a small hole (17) which are symmetrically distributed at two sides of the T-shaped joint, so that a left deep-melting weld joint (14) and a right deep-melting weld joint (15) are obtained; the high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for the T-shaped joint of the medium-thickness plate adopts single laser symmetrical welding when the medium-thickness plate titanium alloy is welded, and can be used for once penetration without chamfering or welding wires.
2. The high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for the T-shaped joint of the medium-thickness plate titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein parameters including an output form, power, defocus amount, laser inclination angle, offset and welding speed of laser are respectively set before welding according to plate thickness and process requirements, and the welding process parameters of laser beams at two sides are kept consistent.
3. The high-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for the medium-thickness plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint according to claim 1, wherein protective covers are arranged on two sides of a T-shaped joint web, and the protective covers are used for ensuring that a high-temperature area is in a pure argon atmosphere in the welding process.
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| CN202210206536.3A CN114669873B (en) | 2022-03-04 | 2022-03-04 | High-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for medium-thickness titanium alloy T-shaped joint |
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| CN111940905B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-12-03 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Coaxial dual-focus laser filler wire welding method for two sides of thin-plate titanium alloy T-shaped joint |
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| CN1657222A (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2005-08-24 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | Dual light beams welding method for laser welding |
| CN109822218A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-31 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of welding procedure carrying out aluminum alloy T type weld seam using double beams laser |
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