CN109366010B - Laser incident angle determining method for T-shaped joint full penetration laser composite welding - Google Patents
Laser incident angle determining method for T-shaped joint full penetration laser composite welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN109366010B CN109366010B CN201811371094.8A CN201811371094A CN109366010B CN 109366010 B CN109366010 B CN 109366010B CN 201811371094 A CN201811371094 A CN 201811371094A CN 109366010 B CN109366010 B CN 109366010B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
A laser incident angle determination method for T type connects full penetration laser composite welding relates to laser welding professional technical field, solves the T type of current full penetration and connects in the realization process, adopts a large amount of process test to try and error when designing laser incident angle, has caused a large amount of manpower, material resources consumption scheduling problem, calculates including laser incident angle is first: a laser beam is incident from one side of the vertical plate, the axis of the laser beam passes through the vertical plate at the root of the welding line and the focus of the bottom plate, the included angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the bottom plate is the laser incident angle theta, the maximum value of the laser incident angle theta is obtained, and the size of the groove is designed; judging whether the penetration depth is larger than the distance of the laser passing through the vertical plate along the optical axis direction, and if so, realizing full penetration welding by adopting a groove-free mode; if not, determining the truncated edge thickness and the bevel angle of the bevel, and enabling the distance of the laser passing through the vertical plate along the optical axis direction to be smaller than the composite welding penetration; and obtaining the laser incidence angle. The method improves the process design efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a method for determining a laser incident angle for full penetration laser composite welding of a T-shaped joint.
Background
The T-shaped joint is a common joint type in bogie frame welding, and the welding is performed by adopting a consumable electrode gas shielded welding method at present, the fusion depth of the method is shallow, and the full penetration welding can be realized only by opening a larger groove. And for the framework product, its material is mostly the medium plate, and welding process need fill a large amount of metals when the groove is great to cause welding inefficiency, the welding number of piles is many, the welding seam warp big scheduling problem. The problems can be well solved when the laser-arc hybrid welding is adopted, but the laser incidence angle needs to be reasonably designed, so that the full penetration T-shaped joint is realized, a large number of process tests are adopted for trial and error at present, so that the process parameter design is completed, and a large amount of manpower and material resource consumption is caused.
At present, when a laser-arc hybrid welding process is designed, process parameters such as a laser incidence angle, a welding wire angle, a defocusing amount, a TCP position, laser power, a wire feeding speed, a welding voltage, a welding speed and the like need to be comprehensively considered, in order to guarantee the full penetration requirement of a T-shaped joint, the parameters are often confirmed one by one through repeated single variable tests, and a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining a laser incident angle for full penetration laser composite welding of a T-shaped joint, aiming at solving the problems that a large amount of labor and material resource consumption and the like are caused by trial and error of a large amount of process tests when a laser incident angle is designed in the implementation process of the conventional full penetration T-shaped joint.
The method for determining the laser incident angle for the full penetration laser composite welding of the T-shaped joint is realized by the following steps:
firstly, initially calculating a laser incidence angle;
laser beams are incident from one side of the vertical plate, the axis of the laser beams passes through the vertical plate at the root of the welding line and the focus of the bottom plate, the included angle between the axis of the laser beams and the surface of the bottom plate is a laser incident angle theta, the ideal electric arc action area is a square, the side length of the square is a, the thickness of the vertical plate at the welding line is t, and then the maximum value theta of the laser incident angle theta ismaxExpressed by the following formula:
θmax＝arctan[a/(t-a)]
the idealized arc action reachable area size is determined by metallographic tests of typical welding parameters, and is determined by the maximum value theta of the laser incidence anglemaxThe initial laser incidence angle range is theta ∈ (0, theta)max)；
Step two, designing the size of the groove;
obtaining laser composite welding penetration according to a metallographic phase of typical process parameters, judging whether the penetration is greater than the distance of laser passing through a vertical plate along the optical axis direction, and if so, realizing full penetration welding by adopting a groove-free mode; if not, determining the truncated edge thickness and the bevel angle of the bevel, so that the distance of the laser passing through the vertical plate along the optical axis direction is smaller than the composite welding penetration; finally, the laser incidence angle is determined.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method of the invention fundamentally decouples the laser incident angle parameter, completes the determination of the laser incident angle through a small amount of simple tests, improves the design efficiency of the process parameter and reduces the dependence on the experimental process experience judgment.
The method of the invention simplifies the design determination process of the laser incident angle; the process design efficiency is improved, and the process test investment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a typical T-joint and laser beam relationship;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the initial calculation of the laser beam incident angle in the laser incident angle determination method for the full penetration laser hybrid welding of the T-joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser incident angle determining square-center notch design for full penetration laser hybrid welding of T-joints according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of interference inspection in the laser incident angle determination method for the full penetration laser hybrid welding of the T-shaped joint according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the first embodiment, the method for determining the laser incident angle for the full penetration laser hybrid welding of the T-shaped joint according to the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and for the T-shaped joint laser arc hybrid welding process of the medium plate, if the welded joint is required to be full penetration, the following steps may be adopted to calculate and confirm the laser incident angle:
firstly, initially calculating a laser incidence angle;
the initial calculation of the incident angle is carried out aiming at the geometric structure of the joint, for a typical T-shaped joint full penetration weld joint, the beam axis passes through the vertical plate at the root of the weld joint and the focus of the bottom plate, the included angle between the laser beam axis and the surface of the bottom plate is the laser incident angle theta, and in combination with the graph 1, the laser beam is required to be incident from one side of the vertical plate and the good fusion of the back of the vertical plate is ensured, and the laser beam axis should pass through P1Points, e.g. enlarged partial areas of the weld zone, see FIG. 2, line segment P1P2Is a weld joint, square P2P3P4P5For an idealized arc action reachable region, the idealized arc action region is a square with side length a and riser thickness t, and the maximum value of the laser incidence angle θ can be calculated by the following formula:
θmax＝arctan[a/(t-a)](1)
the idealized arc action achievable region size can be determined by metallographic examination of typical weld parameters the laser incidence angle range calculated by the above equation is theta ∈ (0, theta)max)。
Secondly, interference detection;
the value range obtained by the maximum value formula of the laser incident angle theta needs to be determined according to the actual structure of the part to be welded and the form of the welding torch to determine whether the interference problem exists, and if the unreachable angle exists in the interval, the value range of the laser incident angle, such as (theta'min,θ'max) And selecting a certain value of the laser incidence angle theta in the value range.
Thirdly, designing the size of the groove;
due to the power limitation of laser equipment, whether the laser penetration depth of fusion meets the requirements of welding joints needs to be checked, laser composite depth of fusion parameters are obtained according to the metallographic phase of typical process parameters, whether the depth of fusion is larger than the distance of the laser passing through a vertical plate along the optical axis direction is compared, and if yes, full penetration welding can be realized by adopting a groove-free mode; if not, the groove is required to be designed. For example, in the case of a Y-groove, the blunt thickness and the groove angle of the groove are mainly considered. And selecting a proper combination of the thickness and the angle of the truncated edge, so that the distance of the laser passing through the vertical plate along the optical axis direction is smaller than the composite welding depth parameter. As shown in FIG. 3, for the Y-groove design, the blunt thickness P is determined1P6And bevel angle ω, P7 is the focal point of the laser beam and bevel surface. Based on experience of laser equipment, an empirical value of laser penetration can be obtained, and the thickness P of the truncated edge is determined1P6And the groove angle ω need to follow the following rule: 1. the laser penetration obtained by experience should be larger than the line segment P1P7. 2. The bevel angle omega is larger than the value of the laser incidence angle theta and is finally determined according to the filling amount. And obtaining the laser incident angle in the laser arc hybrid welding process of the full penetration T-shaped joint of the medium plate.
Second embodiment, the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and is an example of the method for determining the laser incident angle for full penetration laser hybrid welding of a T-joint described in the first embodiment,
taking a side beam part made of S355 material as an example, a T-shaped joint consisting of a vertical plate with an inner long welding line of 12mm and a bottom plate with an inner long welding line of 14mm is required to be a full penetration welding line in the drawing, and the laser incidence angle is determined according to the steps.
(1) Initial calculation of laser incidence angle: according to the formula (1), t is 12mm, the side length a of the region which can be reached by the laser-MAG composite welding arc action of the carbon steel material can be 2.8mm, and theta can be obtained through the formula (1)max＝16.9°。
(2) Interference detection: because the bottom plate of the side beam part is in an irregular shape, when the position is shown in figure 4, a laser head interferes with the edge of the bottom plate, the laser incident angle is limited, and interference can occur when measuring and calculating 0-12.3 degrees, so the value range of the laser incident angle is reduced to (12.3 degrees and 16.9 degrees), and in consideration of the actual welding safety margin, 15 degrees are finally selected as the laser incident angle
(3) Groove size design: in the embodiment, the power of the laser welding equipment can reach 15kw, the typical maximum penetration depth in the S355 material is about 14mm, and when the selected incident angle is 15 degrees, the thickness of the laser penetrating workpiece is 12.4mm and is smaller than the typical maximum penetration depth, so the parameter can realize full penetration welding under the condition of no groove, and the finally confirmed laser incident angle for guiding the laser arc composite welding process of the full penetration T-shaped joint of the medium plate is 15 degrees.
Claims (3)
1. The method for determining the laser incident angle for the full penetration laser composite welding of the T-shaped joint is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, initially calculating a laser incidence angle;
laser beams are incident from one side of the vertical plate, and the axis of the laser beams passes through the vertical plate at the root of the welding line and the focus P of the bottom plate1And the included angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the bottom plate is a laser incidence angle theta, the electric arc and the laser beam are compositely welded from the same side, the ideal electric arc action accessible area is a square connected with a welding line, the side length is a, the thickness of a vertical plate at the welding line is t, and then the maximum value theta of the laser incidence angle theta ismaxExpressed by the following formula:
θmax＝arctan[a/(t-a)]
the idealized arcing can reach a metallographic phase with a zone size that passes typical welding parametersMeasured by the maximum value of the laser incidence angle thetamaxThe initial laser incidence angle range is theta ∈ (0, theta)max)；
Step two, designing the size of the groove;
obtaining laser composite welding penetration according to a metallographic phase of typical process parameters, judging whether the penetration is greater than the distance of laser passing through a vertical plate along the optical axis direction, and if so, realizing full penetration welding by adopting a groove-free mode; if not, determining the truncated edge thickness and the bevel angle of the bevel, so that the distance of the laser passing through the vertical plate along the optical axis direction is smaller than the composite welding penetration; finally, the laser incidence angle is determined.
2. The method for determining the laser incidence angle for the full penetration laser hybrid welding of the T-joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the first step, the method also comprises the step of interference checking: and C, determining whether interference exists in the laser incident angle range obtained in the step one according to the actual structure of the part to be welded and the laser head form, if an unreachable angle exists in the laser incident angle range, further reducing the value range of the laser incident angle, and selecting a certain laser incident angle in the value range.
3. The method for determining the laser incidence angle for the full penetration laser hybrid welding of the T-joint according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the determined groove angle omega is larger than the value of the laser incidence angle theta.
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| CN110340530B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2021-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | Double-sided forming control method for welding seam of medium plate laser-arc hybrid welding |
| CN114669873B (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-09-20 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | High-power optical fiber laser double-gun symmetrical welding method for medium-thickness titanium alloy T-shaped joint |
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| JP2894502B2 (en) * | 1990-02-27 | 1999-05-24 | 株式会社アマダ | Laser welding method and apparatus |
| JP5219959B2 (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2013-06-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | T-joint welding method and apparatus |
| CN103170743A (en) * | 2012-11-28 | 2013-06-26 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | Patch welding method of T-type joint |
| CN103495810A (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2014-01-08 | 吉林大学 | Lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method |
| CN104551391B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-03-01 | 北京石油化工学院 | A kind of laser enhancing GMAW droplet transfer control method under water |
| CN104985326A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bilateral laser-InFocus electric arc composite welding method for T-type joint |
| CN105382411B (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-03-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bilateral laser scanning and welding method of T-shaped connector |
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