CN103495810A - Lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method - Google Patents
Lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method in the technical field of metallurgy, machinery, ships, automobiles, pipelines, petrochemical industry, marine equipment, pressure vessels, war industry and the like. In order to solve the problems existing in a traditional welding method, on the basis of the effect law of laser-electric arc coupling characteristics and laser-electric arc hybrid welding parameters, the welding parameters and the groove sizes of all welding joints of multilayer welding are optimized with the orthogonal design test method, and the researched and developed lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding method has the advantages of being small in heat input amount, large in fusion depth, small in deformation and high in welding speed, capable of reducing the area of the welding joints, the width of the heat affected zone and the exhaust amount of harmful gas and smoke and favorable for improving welding quality and welding efficiency, lowering production cost, improving the quality of products and relieving environmental pollution. The method includes the processing steps that welding grooves are machined, the optimized welding parameters are adopted for all the welding joints of the multilayer welding, and lower alloy steel laser-electric arc hybrid welding is performed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry technology of the technical fields such as metallurgy, machinery, boats and ships, automobile, pipeline, petrochemical industry, ocean equipment, pressure vessel and military project, belong to material weldering (company) connection technology field.
Background technology
Low-alloy steel has high strength, high tenacity and the good characteristics such as combination property, at industrial circle, is widely used.As everyone knows, the characteristic of property of himself is not only depended in the extensive use of any structural metallic materials, and depends on the progress of weldering (company) connection technology.At present; low-alloy steel welding (particularly, thick plates) mainly adopts traditional welding methods such as submerged-arc welding, gas shielded arc welding; though there is the advantages such as technical maturity, production cost are low, but have that the sweating heat input quantity is large, distortion is large, the joint embrittlement, easily produce the problems such as defect and welding production efficiency are low.Along with scientific and technical progress and the development of national economy, welding quality, production efficiency and the product quality of low-alloy steel are had higher requirement.Traditional welding method can not meet the welding quality that improves constantly and the requirement of production efficiency to a certain extent.Solder technology innovation upgrading is the important selection countermeasure addressed the above problem.
Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is a kind of high-quality, efficient new welding technology, it utilizes the characteristics of laser and electric arc to form the composite welding thermal source, have that energy density is high, heat input is low, fusion penetration is large, speed of welding is fast, it is little to be out of shape and fit-up gap adapts to the advantages such as strong, be conducive to improve welding quality, production efficiency and the product quality of low-alloy steel, in being applied to, the welding of slab has larger advantage.Since twentieth century British scholar seventies W.M.Steen proposes the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding process thought, researcher has carried out comparatively deep research and exploration to this welding method both at home and abroad.Developed country has been applied to the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding technology industrial circles such as automobile, boats and ships, space flight and aviation, petrochemical industry, improving welding quality, enhance productivity, the aspect such as improving product quality obtained significant effect.The research and development of China's Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding technology and application are still in the starting stage.Therefore, the rule that affects based on laser-electric arc coupling characteristics and Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding parameter, research and development low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry technology has important practical value and wide application prospect in fields such as metallurgy, machinery, boats and ships, automobile, pipeline, petrochemical industry, ocean equipment, pressure vessel and military projects.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method, this technology is for the problem that adopts traditional welding method soldering low alloy steel to exist, based on laser-electric arc coupling effect characteristics, systematically Study of Laser-electric arc combined weldering parameter is inputted sweating heat, fusion penetration is molten wide, weld defect, appearance of weld, Microstructure of Joint and mechanical property etc. affect rule, on this basis, adopt the positive quadraturing design test method to optimize welding parameter and the bevel for welding size of each layer of multilayer welding (road) weld seam: the optimization aim of first weld seam is, increase depth of fusion, prevent not penetration, the weld defects such as pore, improve seam organization, performance and back-welding shape, the optimization aim of multilayer welding subsequent weld is that the deposited amount of increase welding, prevent the weld defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut, improves seam organization, performance and shaping surface, the optimization aim of bevel for welding size is that by optimizing the width of root face and bevel angle, deposited amount and heat input are counted, welded to the layer (road) that reduces multilayer weld, improves welding quality and welding production efficiency.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method, by following processing step, undertaken:
A) groove processing: the low-alloy steel joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=28-32 °, width of root face h=5-8mm.By increasing the width of root face and reducing bevel angle, deposited amount and heat input are counted, welded to the layer (road) that reduces multilayer weld, improves welding quality and welding production efficiency.
B) welding material: require to select welding material according to " etc. epistasis principle " and serviceability, guarantee mechanical property and the serviceability of welding point.For example: the gas shielded arc welding of Q355NH, S355J2W low-alloy steel, select the H10MnSiCuNi II,
the NiCu1-IG welding wire.
C) welding procedure: adopt laser-electric arc composite multi-layer Welding, root face gap a≤1.0mm, laser power 0-6kW, defocusing amount (1)-(3mm), chevilled silk spacing 1-3mm, welding current 230-290A, speed of welding 0.4-1.2m/min.
D) adopt argon gas (Ar) or active gases (85-80%Ar+15-20%CO in the laser-arc hybrid welding in industry process
2) protect weld zone, prevent the adverse effect of the butt welded seam tissues such as H, O, N, performance, improve appearance of weld and welding quality.
The welding parameter of the described multilayer welding first of step c weld seam: laser power 4-6kW, welding current 230-250A, speed of welding 0.8-1.2m/min, by optimizing Combined Welding parameter optimization laser-electric arc coupling effect and weld heat input, increase depth of fusion, prevent the not weld defect such as penetration, pore, improve back of weld and be shaped, improve welding quality and efficiency; The welding parameter of multilayer welding subsequent weld: laser power 0-2kW, welding current 230-290A, speed of welding 0.4-0.7m/min, by optimizing Combined Welding parameter optimization laser-electric arc coupling effect and weld heat input, increase the deposited amount of welding, prevent the weld defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut, improve appearance of weld, improve welding quality.
Result of study shows, different from traditional arc welding, the weld seam pattern of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding has similar " goblet " shape characteristics, and weld seam top is that arc region, bottom are laser zone, and weld seam area and heat affected area width obviously reduce.Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding parameter (laser power, welding current, speed of welding etc.) and bevel for welding size are the key factors that affects joint performance, welding quality and production efficiency.Improve laser power and be conducive to increase fusion penetration, prevent incomplete penetration defect, improve joint performance and welding quality, but too high laser power easily causes producing weld porosity, affects joint performance and welding quality; Increase the tendency that speed of welding is conducive to reduce sweating heat input, residual stress, welding deformation and produces pore, improve welding production efficiency, but speed of welding is too fast, cause the little and joint cooling velocity of the molten reductions of fusion penetration to increase, easily produce the weld defects such as incomplete fusion, crackle, and appearance of weld obviously worsens; The impact of welding current is comparatively complicated, under welding current and laser power reasonable combination condition, is conducive to increase fusion penetration, improves joint performance and welding quality.The first weld seam of laser-electric arc composite multi-layer weldering is selected relatively high laser power, speed of welding and relative low welding current, not only be conducive to reduce the heat input, increase fusion penetration, prevent incomplete penetration defect, and can obviously reduce the tendency that weld seam produces pore; The subsequent weld of multilayer welding is selected relatively high welding current and relative low laser power, speed of welding, is conducive to prevent the weld defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut; Basic thought based on increasing the width of root face and bevel angle is optimized the groove size, and deposited amount and heat input are counted, welded to the layer (road) that is conducive to reduce multilayer weld, improves welding quality and welding production efficiency.Optimizing Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding parameter and groove size is to improve the effective way of joint performance, welding quality and production efficiency.
Adopt method of the present invention to carry out the low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, the performance indications that reach are:
(1) laser-arc hybrid welding in industry process stabilization, appearance of weld is attractive in appearance, the weld defect such as flawless, pore, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion, welding technological properties is good.
(2) tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation, the ballistic work of Q355NH steel plate (thickness of slab 10mm, 16mm) laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head are respectively 510-560MPa, 380-410MPa, 21-23%, 50-70J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint.According to GB/T4172-2000, the tensile strength of Q355NH steel, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work be respectively 490-630MPa, >=355MPa, 20-22%, >=34J(-20 ℃).Therefore, the mechanical property of Q355NH steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head is higher than the lower limit of Q355NH steel mother metal mechanical property.
(3) tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation, the ballistic work of S355J2W steel plate (thickness of slab 12mm, 20mm) laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head are respectively 500-540MPa, 370-390MPa, 20-24%, 60-80J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint.According to EN10025-5:2004E, S355J2W steel tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work be respectively 470-630MPa, >=355MPa, 20-22%, >=27J(-20 ℃).Therefore, the mechanical property of S355J2W steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head is higher than the lower limit of S355J2W steel mother metal mechanical property.
The present invention has following major advantage:
(1) with traditional welding method (submerged-arc welding, gas shielded arc welding etc.), compare; low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry technology of the present invention has that heat input is low, fusion penetration is large, be out of shape the advantages such as little, that speed of welding is fast; and the discharge capacity of weld seam area, heat affected area width and pernicious gas, flue dust reduces; be conducive to improve welding quality; improve welding efficiency; reduce production costs, the improving product quality, alleviate environmental pollution.
(2) with the example that is welded as of 16mm thick low-alloy steel plate: adopt traditional gas-shielded arc welding method usually to need four layers of (road) weld seam, welding current, arc voltage, speed of welding, sweating heat input, weld seam area, heat affected area width are respectively 260-280A, 26-28V, 0.3-0.5m/min, 37.6-54.1KJ/cm, 250-270mm
2, 2-4mm, and adopting the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding technology only to need three layers of (road) weld seam, laser power, welding current, arc voltage, speed of welding, sweating heat input, weld seam area, heat affected area width are respectively 2-6kW, 230-290A, 20-25V, 0.4-1.2m/min, 31.9KJ/cm, 110-130mm
2, 1-2mm.With traditional gas shielded arc welding, compare, the heat input of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding reduces by 30%, is conducive to the tendency that reduces residual stress, welding deformation and crack, and improves welding quality; The weld seam area reduce 60% and weld seam layer (road) number reduce to three layers (roads), obviously reduce the discharge capacity of the deposited amount of welding, polishing workload and pernicious gas, flue dust, be conducive to reduce welding cost, alleviate environmental pollution; Weld seam area and heat affected area width reduce respectively 60% and 50%, are conducive to improve the mechanical property of joint; Speed of welding raising 80% and weld seam layer (road) number reduce, and obviously improve and weld production efficiency.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the groove pattern of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry.
Fig. 2 is that the surface weld of low-alloy steel Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is shaped.
Fig. 3 is that the sealing run of low-alloy steel Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is shaped.
Fig. 4 is the section structure structure of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head.
Fig. 5 is the section structure structure of low-alloy steel gas protective arc welding head.
In Fig. 1: B-low-alloy steel mother metal, θ-bevel angle, the h-width of root face, a-root face gap.
In Fig. 2: W
1the surface weld pattern of-low-alloy steel Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding.
In Fig. 3: W
2the sealing run pattern of-low-alloy steel Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding.
In Fig. 4: the weld seam of W-Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding, HAZ-heat affected area, B-low-alloy steel mother metal.
In Fig. 5: the weld seam of W-gas shielded arc welding, HAZ-heat affected area, B-low-alloy steel mother metal.
The specific embodiment:
Below describe for example particular content of the present invention and embodiment in detail.
Embodiment 1, adopt method of the present invention to carry out Q355NH low alloy steel plate laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, Q355NH steel plate thickness 10mm.Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=32 °, width of root face h=5mm; Combined Welding adopts H10MnSiCuNi II welding wire (Φ 1.2mm) and Er Ceng bis-road welding procedures; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 5kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 0.7m/min; Adopt 80%Ar+20%CO in welding process
2gas shield, gas flow 20L/min.The appearance of weld of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is good, the weld defect such as flawless, pore, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion; The average tensile strength of joint, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work are respectively 558.6MPa, 409.1.6MPa, 22.8%, 70J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint, joint tension failure is in the mother metal district.According to EN10025-5:2004E, the mechanical property of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head, higher than the lower limit of Q355NH steel mother metal mechanical property, meets the requirement of serviceability.
Embodiment 2, adopt method of the present invention to carry out S355J2W weather-resistant steel plate laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, S355J2W steel plate thickness 12mm.Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=30 °, width of root face h=6mm; Adopt
niCu1-IG welding wire (Φ 1.2mm) and Er Ceng bis-road welding procedures; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 0.6m/min; Adopt argon gas (Ar) protection in welding process, argon flow amount 16L/min.The appearance of weld of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is good, the weld defect such as flawless, pore, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion; The average tensile strength of joint, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work are respectively 540.0MPa, 389.1MPa, 23.5%, 78J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint, joint tension failure is in the mother metal district.According to EN10025-5:2004E, the mechanical property of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head, higher than the lower limit of S355J2W steel mother metal mechanical property, meets the requirement of serviceability.
Embodiment 3, adopt method of the present invention to carry out Q355NH low alloy steel plate laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, Q355NH steel plate thickness 16mm.Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=30 °, width of root face h=7mm; Adopt H10MnSiCuNi II welding wire (Φ 1.2mm) and San Ceng tri-road multilayer welding techniques; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.4m/min ， tri-road weld seams: laser power 2kW, welding current 290A, speed of welding 0.4m/min; Adopt 85%Ar+15%CO in welding process
2gas shield, shield gas flow rate 18L/min.The appearance of weld of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is good, the weld defect such as flawless, pore, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion; The average tensile strength of joint, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work are respectively 515.6MPa, 382.9MPa, 21.4%, 56.3J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint, joint tension failure is in the mother metal district.According to EN10025-5:2004E, the mechanical property of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head, higher than the lower limit of Q355NH steel mother metal mechanical property, meets the requirement of serviceability.
Embodiment 4, adopt method of the present invention to carry out S355J2W low alloy steel plate laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, S355J2W steel plate thickness 20mm.Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=28 °, width of root face h=8mm; Adopt
1-IG welding wire (Φ 1.2mm) and Si Ceng tetra-road multilayer welding techniques; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 1.0m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.6m/min, the welding parameter of the welding parameter of the 3rd road weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 290A, speed of welding 0.4m/min ， tetra-road weld seams: welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.4m/min; Adopt argon gas (Ar) protection in welding process, argon flow amount 20L/min.The appearance of weld of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding is good, the weld defect such as flawless, pore, undercut, lack of penetration, incomplete fusion; The average tensile strength of joint, yield strength, percentage elongation, ballistic work are respectively 498.8MPa, 379.9MPa, 20.4%, 65.2J(-20 ℃), the crooked 180 ° of surperficial flawlesses of joint, joint tension failure is in the mother metal district.According to EN10025-5:2004E, the mechanical property of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry head, higher than the lower limit of S355J2W steel mother metal mechanical property, meets the requirement of serviceability.
Claims (6)
1. a low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method, is characterized in that, by following processing step, undertaken:
A) groove processing: the low-alloy steel joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=28-32 °, width of root face h=5-8mm, by increasing the width of root face and reducing bevel angle, reduce multilayer weld Ceng He road number, weld deposited amount and heat input, improve welding quality and welding production efficiency;
B) welding material: require to select welding material according to " etc. epistasis principle " and serviceability, guarantee mechanical property and the serviceability of welding point;
C) welding procedure: adopt laser-electric arc composite multi-layer Welding, root face gap a≤1.0mm, laser power 0-6kW, defocusing amount (1)-(3mm), chevilled silk spacing 1-3mm, welding current 230-290A, speed of welding 0.4-1.2m/min;
D) adopt argon Ar or active gases 85-80%Ar+15-20%CO in the laser-arc hybrid welding in industry process
2protect weld zone, prevent the adverse effect of the butt welded seam tissues such as H, O, N, performance, improve appearance of weld and welding quality.
2. a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the welding parameter of the described multilayer welding first of step c weld seam: laser power 4-6kW, welding current 230-250A, speed of welding 0.8-1.2m/min, by optimizing Combined Welding parameter optimization laser-electric arc coupling effect and weld heat input, increase depth of fusion, prevent the not weld defect such as penetration, pore, improve back of weld and be shaped, improve welding quality and efficiency; The welding parameter of multilayer welding subsequent weld: laser power 0-2kW, welding current 230-290A, speed of welding 0.4-0.7m/min, by optimizing Combined Welding parameter optimization laser-electric arc coupling effect and weld heat input, increase the deposited amount of welding, prevent the weld defects such as incomplete fusion, undercut, improve appearance of weld, improve welding quality.
3. a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding that described low-alloy steel is the Q355NH steel plate, thickness of slab 10mm; Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=32 °, width of root face h=5mm; Combined Welding adopts H10MnSiCuNi II welding wire and the Er Ceng bis-road welding procedures of Φ 1.2mm; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 5kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 0.7m/min; Adopt 80%Ar+20%CO in welding process
2gas shield, gas flow 20L/min.
4. a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding that described low-alloy steel is the S355J2W steel plate, thickness of slab 12mm; Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=30 °, width of root face h=6mm; Adopt Φ 1.2mm's
niCu1-IG welding wire and Er Ceng bis-road welding procedures; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 230A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 0.6m/min; Adopt the argon Ar protection in welding process, argon flow amount 16L/min.
5. a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding that described low-alloy steel is the Q355NH steel plate, thickness of slab 16mm; Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=30 °, width of root face h=7mm; Adopt H10MnSiCuNi II welding wire and the San Ceng tri-road multilayer welding techniques of Φ 1.2mm; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 1.2m/min, the welding parameter of the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.4m/min ， tri-road weld seams: laser power 2kW, welding current 290A, speed of welding 0.4m/min; Adopt 85%Ar+15%CO in welding process
2gas shield, shield gas flow rate 18L/min.
6. a kind of low-alloy steel laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding that described low-alloy steel is the S355J2WN steel plate, thickness of slab 20mm; Joint form is the single V groove with root face docking, bevel angle θ=28 °, width of root face h=8mm; Adopt Φ 1.2mm's
niCu1-IG welding wire and Si Ceng tetra-road multilayer welding techniques; The welding parameter of first weld seam: laser power 6kW, welding current 240A, speed of welding 1.0m/min, the welding parameter of second weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.6m/min, the welding parameter of the welding parameter of the 3rd road weld seam: laser power 2kW, welding current 290A, speed of welding 0.4m/min ， tetra-road weld seams: welding current 270A, speed of welding 0.4m/min; Adopt the argon Ar protection in welding process, argon flow amount 20L/min.
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| CN110091066A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-08-06 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | A kind of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method of titanium alloy |
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| CN113210870A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏通宇钢管集团有限公司 | Efficient laser-electric arc composite heat source high-strength steel pipeline straight seam welding process |
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