CN111014938B - Friction stir welding implementation process for car roof or car underframe - Google Patents
Friction stir welding implementation process for car roof or car underframe Download PDFInfo
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- CN111014938B CN111014938B CN201911306474.8A CN201911306474A CN111014938B CN 111014938 B CN111014938 B CN 111014938B CN 201911306474 A CN201911306474 A CN 201911306474A CN 111014938 B CN111014938 B CN 111014938B
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- welding
- roof
- stirring head
- underframe
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a friction stir welding implementation process for a roof or a chassis, which comprises the following steps: cleaning a groove to be welded of a roof section or an underframe section, and mechanically polishing and cleaning; placing the roof section or the underframe section on a tool for assembly, controlling assembly gaps and misalignment, and clamping the tool; respectively selecting a roof welding or a chassis welding respective stirring head, and respectively welding according to the parameters; and placing the welded roof section or underframe section on a tool to keep a clamping state for 4-5 hours. The welding parameters of the friction stir welding of the car roof or the chassis are determined by the process, the appearance and the mechanical property of the welding line welded by using the parameters in the range can meet the standard requirements, powerful guarantee is provided for the batch production of the car roof and the chassis, and the risks of unqualified and scrapped products are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a butt friction stir welding process and a butt friction stir welding method for aluminum alloy sections, in particular to an implementation process for welding a roof and a chassis by friction stir welding, and belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding.
Background
Friction stir welding is a novel connecting technology, and generates heat by means of friction between a stirring head and a workpiece, so that a welding seam area is heated to form a plastic flowing state, and the purpose of connection is achieved through the stirring effect of a stirring pin. The welding temperature of friction stir welding is 07-0.9 times (about 470-560 ℃) of the melting point of the aluminum alloy, the heat input is far less than that of fusion welding, a small temperature gradient can be formed in a welding joint area, welding deformation is reduced, and the residual stress of a welding line is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the shaft shoulder of the friction stir welding stirring head applies certain pressure to the surface of the welding seam in the welding process, so that the surface of the welding seam is smoother and smoother. Compared with the traditional fusion welding, the friction stir welding has the advantages of no splash, no smoke, no need of filling materials and protective gas, low requirement on the skill of an operator, easy realization of high-speed automatic welding and the like, and has obvious advantages in the aluminum alloy welding process.
However, the roof and the underframe are generally manufactured by arc welding, and the roof and the underframe manufactured by the arc welding have the following disadvantages: (1) the arc welding technology has large heat input quantity, and the section plates of the roof and the underframe are thin, so that welding deformation is easy to generate; (2) the arc welding technology generates much harmful substances such as smoke dust, electric radiation and the like; (4) the arc welding technology is easy to generate air holes, welding beading, burning through, welding seam non-straight and other problems; (4) the arc welding technology has the problems of high labor intensity, low welding efficiency and the like. Therefore, the development of friction stir welding technology for vehicle roofs and underframes is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a friction stir welding implementation process for a roof or an underframe, which helps to determine the welding process of friction stir welding of roof and underframe profiles and enables the appearance and mechanical properties of a welding seam to meet the requirements of standards.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a friction stir weld application process for a vehicle roof or chassis, the process comprising:
(1) cleaning a groove to be welded of a roof section or an underframe section, and mechanically polishing and cleaning;
(2) placing the roof section or the underframe section on a tool for assembly, controlling assembly gaps and misalignment, and clamping the tool;
(3) respectively selecting a roof welding or a chassis welding respective stirring head, and respectively welding according to the parameters;
(4) and placing the welded roof section or underframe section on a tool to keep a clamping state for 4-5 hours.
Further, the assembly gaps of the roof section bars or the underframe section bars are all set to be 0-0.5 mm.
Further, in the step (3), when the roof or the underframe is welded, the inclination angle of the stirring head is set to be 2.0-2.5 degrees, the pressing amount of the stirring head is set to be 0.1-0.3 mm, and the stirring head moves anticlockwise.
Further, in the step (3), the car roof adopts a forward mounting welding and single-side welding double-side forming process, and when the car roof is welded: with respect to the stirring head: the length of the pin is 4.6-4.8 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 16-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring pin is in the anticlockwise direction; during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1400-1600 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 600-1000 mm/min.
Further, in the step (3), the welding of the chassis adopts the sequence of forward welding and backward welding, and when the chassis is welded: with respect to the stirring head: the length of the pin is 6.5-7.0 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring pin is in the anticlockwise direction; during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1600-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 700-1000 mm/min.
The roof and the underframe produced by the process have the following advantages: (1) the angle during welding is better controlled, so that the profile degree of the car roof or the chassis is more accurate, and the radian requirement can be met without subsequent shape adjustment; (2) the roof or the chassis can not be welded and shrunk and deformed in the length and width directions.
The welding parameters of the friction stir welding of the car roof or the chassis are determined by the process, the appearance and the mechanical property of the welding line welded by using the parameters in the range can meet the standard requirements, powerful guarantee is provided for the batch production of the car roof and the chassis, and the risks of unqualified and scrapped products are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a roof panel weld;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a vehicle roof;
FIG. 3 is a top elevational view of the vehicle;
FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the vehicle roof;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of chassis welding;
FIG. 6 is an isometric test view of a chassis;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the chassis;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the chassis;
the device comprises a vehicle roof, a stirring head, a vehicle roof side beam, a bottom frame plate and a bottom frame side beam, wherein the vehicle roof comprises 1 part of a vehicle roof, 2 parts of a stirring head, 3 parts of a vehicle roof side beam, 4 parts of a bottom frame plate and 5 parts of a bottom frame side beam.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The friction stir welding implementation process for the roof or the chassis comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning a groove to be welded of a roof section or an underframe section, mechanically polishing and cleaning with a cleaning agent (such as acetone);
(2) placing the roof section or the underframe section on a tool for assembling, controlling assembly gaps and misalignment, and clamping the tool;
(3) selecting a stirring pin appointed by roof welding or underframe welding, and welding according to appointed parameters;
(4) and (4) placing the roof section or the underframe section welded in the step (3) on a tool to keep a clamping state for 4-5 hours.
The car roof friction stir welding implementation process specifically comprises a pair gap, the specification and the size of the stirring head 2, the rotating speed of the stirring head 2, the advancing speed of the stirring head 2, the inclination angle and the pressing amount of the stirring head 2, the moving direction of the stirring head 2 and the like.
Wherein the assembly gap of the APM roof section bar is set to be 0-0.5 mm;
the length of the stirring head 2 is 4.6-4.8 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 16-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring needle is in the anticlockwise direction;
during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head 2 is 1400-1600 r/min;
the advancing speed of the stirring head 2 is 600-1000 mm/min;
the inclination angle of the stirring head 2 is 2.0-2.5 degrees;
the downward pressing amount of the stirring head 2 is 0.1-0.3 mm;
the stirring head 2 moves counterclockwise.
The car roof adopts the processes of normal welding and single-side welding and double-side forming, and the welding difficulty of the car roof is that the welding seam of the car roof must be completely welded, if the pressing amount of the stirring pin is too large, the abrasion of the stirring pin can be caused, and the service life of the stirring pin is reduced; if the amount of penetration is too small, a problem of weld-tightness will be caused.
Through research, the mechanical property of the roof welding seam welded by using the parameters is superior to that of the welding seam welded by using other parameters, the tensile strength of the welding seam can reach more than 205MPa, the yield strength can reach more than 145MPa, and the elongation of the welding seam can reach more than 3.5%.
In addition, the friction stir welding process for welding the roof of the car in the embodiment is compared with the conventional arc welding process for analysis, and the details are shown in the following table (table 1):
the chassis friction stir welding implementation process specifically comprises the group pairing gap, the specification and the size of the stirring head 2, the rotating speed of the stirring head 2, the advancing speed of the stirring head 2, the inclination angle and the pressing amount of the stirring head 2, the moving direction of the stirring head 2 and the like.
It should be noted that, since the requirements of the thickness and the penetration of the underframe are different from those of the roof, the welding parameters of the underframe are newly studied, and the related welding parameters of the roof cannot be simply used.
Wherein the assembly gap of the APM underframe sectional material is set to be 0-0.5 mm;
the length of the stirring head 2 is 6.5-7.0 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring needle is in the anticlockwise direction;
during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head 2 is 1600-2000 r/min;
the advancing speed of the stirring head 2 is 700-1000 mm/min;
the inclination angle of the stirring head 2 is 2.0-2.5 degrees;
the downward pressing amount of the stirring head 2 is 0.1-0.3 mm;
the stirring head 2 moves counterclockwise.
The underframe welding adopts the forward mounting welding and the backward mounting welding, the welding process parameters of the underframe and the roof are different due to different thicknesses of the sectional plates, the welding difficulty of the underframe and the roof is different, the welding difficulty of the underframe is that the welding process needs to be completed after the front side is welded and then the reverse side is turned over, and once the front side is welded, the misalignment and the gap of the back sectional material can not be adjusted, so that the misalignment and the gap of the welding line must be strictly controlled during the front side welding, and the groove to be welded during the backward mounting welding can also meet the process requirements.
Through research, the mechanical property of the welding line of the car body underframe welded by using the parameters is superior to that of the welding line welded by using other parameters, the tensile strength of the welding line can reach more than 205MPa, the yield strength can reach more than 145MPa, and the elongation of the welding line can reach more than 3.5%.
In addition, the present embodiment utilizes a friction stir welding process to weld the chassis and a conventional arc welding process for comparative analysis, and is detailed in the following table (table 2):
the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A friction stir welding process for implementing a vehicle roof or chassis, said process comprising:
(1) cleaning a groove to be welded of a roof section or an underframe section, and mechanically polishing and cleaning;
(2) placing the roof section or the underframe section on a tool for assembly, controlling assembly gaps and misalignment, and clamping the tool;
(3) respectively selecting a roof welding or a chassis welding respective stirring head, and respectively welding according to the parameters;
(4) placing the welded roof section or underframe section on a tool to keep a clamping state for 4-5 hours;
in the step (3), the car roof adopts a forward mounting welding and single-side welding double-side forming process, and when the car roof is welded:
with respect to the stirring head: the length of the pin is 4.6-4.8 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 16-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring pin is in the anticlockwise direction;
during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1400-1600 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 600-1000 mm/min;
in the step (3), the chassis welding adopts the sequence of firstly forward welding and then backward welding, and when the chassis is welded:
with respect to the stirring head: the length of the pin is 6.5-7.0 mm, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is 15-18 mm, and the thread direction of the stirring pin is in the anticlockwise direction;
during welding, the rotating speed of the stirring head is 1600-2000 r/min, and the advancing speed of the stirring head is 700-1000 mm/min;
in the step (3), when the roof or the underframe is welded, the inclination angle of the stirring head is set to be 2.0-2.5 degrees, the pressing amount of the stirring head is set to be 0.1-0.3 mm, and the stirring head moves anticlockwise.
2. The friction stir welding implementation process of claim 1, wherein the pair gaps of the roof section bars or the underframe section bars are set to be 0-0.5 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911306474.8A CN111014938B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Friction stir welding implementation process for car roof or car underframe |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911306474.8A CN111014938B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Friction stir welding implementation process for car roof or car underframe |
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| CN111014938A CN111014938A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
| CN111014938B true CN111014938B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112676694A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-20 | 安徽雷尔伟交通装备有限公司 | Method for solving welding depression of APM (advanced laser machining) car roof |
| CN114083108B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-06-02 | 南京雷尔伟新技术股份有限公司 | APM vehicle underframe and roof production method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205927498U (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-08 | 南京雷尔伟新技术有限公司 | Side wall is constituteed and preparation frock for rail vehicle |
| CN107900510A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-04-13 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method |
| CN207479838U (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-06-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of Railway vehicle car roof apparatus for welding and positioning |
| CN108723578A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-02 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The friction stir welding method of hollow aluminium section bar split arc plate |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3538357B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2004-06-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Friction stir welding method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205927498U (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-08 | 南京雷尔伟新技术有限公司 | Side wall is constituteed and preparation frock for rail vehicle |
| CN207479838U (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-06-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of Railway vehicle car roof apparatus for welding and positioning |
| CN107900510A (en) * | 2017-11-25 | 2018-04-13 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method |
| CN108723578A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-02 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The friction stir welding method of hollow aluminium section bar split arc plate |
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