CN107900510A - Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method - Google Patents
Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107900510A CN107900510A CN201711197695.7A CN201711197695A CN107900510A CN 107900510 A CN107900510 A CN 107900510A CN 201711197695 A CN201711197695 A CN 201711197695A CN 107900510 A CN107900510 A CN 107900510A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method belongs to the Bi-friction Stirring Welding technical field of rail vehicle aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate material, and this method is to reach the solid diffusivity FSW welding new methods of two-sided prewelding, double-sided symmetrical setting pre-manufactured hole, the insertion of double-sided symmetrical secondary agitation pin and double-sided symmetrical weldering that the aluminium alloy thick plate of 84mm proposes for thickness value.The method of the present invention has not only reduced the forging force of solder joint, manufacturing difficulty and cost of the reduction group to frock, improve welding quality, precision and efficiency, the generation for phenomena such as flash stitch, aluminium foam overlap block vision can also effectively be overcome, so as to greatly improve the success rate of the disposable full penetration of agitating friction weldering processing, and then save mass energy, resource and manpower and materials, improve productivity effect, and create considerable economic value, it is by largely putting into practice the optimal processing parameter index for groping to sum up, it is pioneering, effect is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Bi-friction Stirring Welding technical field of rail vehicle aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate material, and in particular to a kind of
Ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method.
Background technology
Solid diffusivity (Friction stir welding, FSW) is specific term known to welding field, agitating friction
Weldering be one newly into the solid phase joining technique to grow up, the lathe rotating part lower end of its agitating friction weldering is equipped with can be along vertical
The high-speed rotating stirring-head of axis, the lower face of stirring-head are equipped with the shaft shoulder, and stirring coaxial needle is fixed on the lower section of the shaft shoulder, forms class
Like drilling machine and the rotating mechanism of drill bit.Mixing needle is driven to rotate at a high speed by stirring-head, and the lower end with mixing needle and weld seam two
The workpiece surface while pivoting friction of side, drive stirring-head and mixing needle to advance along weld seam, then with mixing needle using lathe
Rotation and stirring extruding, caused frictional heat can make seam crossing because of metal frictional heat energy produce plastic metal softened zone, cooling
Fusing metal afterwards then forms the welding process of FSW solid diffusivities and forms weld seam.
Since the welding efficiency of agitating friction weldering is high, welding deformation is small, its strength of welded joint is welded higher than traditional MIG
(welding, metal inert-gas welding), and it is relatively low to manufacture cost, and efficiently, section
Can, environmental protection the features such as, the welding of the large-sized aluminium alloy plate weld seam of rail vehicle is make it especially suitable for, at present, based on stirring
The FSW solid phase joining techniques for mixing friction welding (FW) are maturely applied to the large scale railcar that throat depth value is not more than 35 millimeters
The welding field of aluminum alloy joint.
But existing Friction stir welding is only capable of the upper surface for being no more than 35 millimeters of aluminum alloy plate materials weld seams to thickness
Progress single side penetration formula FSW solid diffusivities, and 6082-T4 type aluminium alloy thick plates used by standard EMU hitch base member,
Its thickness value reaches 84mm, far beyond the treatable single-sided welding thickness value pole of existing convention stir friction welding technology institute
Limit.Even if in addition, in a simple manner directly overturning weldment to reverse side, and carried out for the super thick aluminum alloy plate materials back side same
Agitating friction weldering, following technical problem also occurs：
Problem one, in order to ensure the friction coefficient of agitating friction weldering, stirring-head and its mixing needle are needed in axial-rotation
Meanwhile also weld seam end face is applied along vertical rotary shaft to vertical extruding force, but in the starting end position of weld seam, due to stirring
The head shaft shoulder not yet touches part to be welded surface, and stirring heat is less caused by the frictional force of mixing needle, vertical during this
Extruding force can produce excessive forging force, cause aluminum alloy plate materials in weld seam initiating terminal mixing needle insertion process in excessive forging
Depressed deformation is produced under pressure, and the weld seam at the place of collapsing is broadened, so as to the flash stitch phenomenon that weld seam both ends can not be closely connected occur；
Problem two, in order to avoid the appearance of flash stitch phenomenon as far as possible, it is necessary to be carried out to aluminum alloy plate materials weldment to be welded high
The stationary positioned of intensity and laterally and tightly propped, fits closely its weld seam, this process proposes high requirement to the process that is loaded, additionally
Chuck apparatus can be required by adding, and also increase the labor operation intensity of production cost and the process that is loaded.
Problem three, when with agitating friction weldering mode along the weld seam welding of aluminum alloy ultra-thick plate more than weld seam total length
After 50%, since completed weld seam absorbs a large amount of thermal energy, and it is slower to radiate, and the heat input for causing welding to produce is accumulated
It is poly-, and cause the aluminum alloy plate materials workpiece generation of weld seam tail end is serious to upwarp deformation, cause weld seam out-of-flatness, can not align,
Postwelding workpiece size and joint quality can not also meet standard requirement
Problem four, when the thickness of aluminum alloy plate materials is more than 35 millimeters, play that the forging force put of welding position is excessive to be caused to weld journey
Sequence stops, and the aluminium foam chip that mixing needle squeezes out has been attached to welding position and has put, and operator is unsighted, and above-mentioned reason often results in weldering
Program is connect to be forced to terminate；
Problem five, when the thickness of aluminum alloy plate materials is more than 35 millimeters, existing Friction stir welding can not be only from upper
Weld seam is completed disposable complete penetration in end face, causes welding quality to be unable to reach intensity requirement；
Problem six, the material due to weld seam and weld seam transform properties can because specific operating mode changes and each portion is identical,
It is lateral pressure value when its structure size type selecting to stirring-head and mixing needle and every time welding, pre- for agitating friction
Welding top rake, formally weld top rake, capillary is required to according to each along parameters such as the translational velocity of weld seam, stirring-head rotating speeds
Kind of operating mode carries out actual analysis, for the standard EMU hitch base member that 84mm is reached particularly with aluminum alloy plate materials thickness, with
Its corresponding complete blank of previous process control parameter, may be referred to use for reference without ready-made experience and index.
Therefore, if can be from largely groping and sum up a set of agitating friction weldering for super thick aluminum alloy plate materials in putting into practice
Technological parameter and control method are connect, then is necessarily of great significance to production practices.
The content of the invention
In order to solve existing agitating friction welding method be only applicable to thickness less than 35 millimeters aluminum alloy plate materials into
The disposable penetration formula FSW solid diffusivities of single side gone only for end face thereon, and reach the mark of 84mm for aluminum alloy plate materials thickness
For quasi- EMU hitch base member, vertical pressure when its structure size type selecting to stirring-head and mixing needle and every time welding
Force value, pre-welding top rake, formally welding top rake, capillary are cooled down along the translational velocity of weld seam, stirring-head rotating speed and water mist
The parameter such as the appropriate position of the startup of system or startup time may be referred to use for reference without ready-made experience and index, and thus
Causing to be loaded, fixture is of high cost, the operation labor intensity that is loaded is big；Weld seam welds exceed weld seam total length 50% afterwards because heat is defeated
Enter accumulation and cause workpiece to upwarp deformation and be difficult to eliminate；Aluminum alloy plate materials are excessive in weld seam initiating terminal mixing needle insertion process
Depressed deformation and flash stitch phenomenon are produced under forging force；Aluminium foam chip has been attached to welding position and has put, and operator is unsighted, influences welding and makees
Industry continuity；And only for end face thereon the disposable agitating friction weldering of single side can not penetration super thick plate welding seams completely, cause
The welding quality of FSW solid diffusivities is unable to reach the technical problem of intensity requirement, and the present invention provides a kind of ultra-thick plate aluminium alloy type
Material agitating friction welding method.
The technical solution adopted for solving the technical problem of the present invention is as follows：
The ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method of the present invention, it includes the following steps：
Step 1：Workpiece cleaning treatment before being welded：The 25mm scopes for splicing gap initiating terminal are carried out with alcohol
Surface cleaning；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 2：Workpiece group pair before being welded：It will treat that group two aluminium alloy thick plates of weldering by welding position group pair, make
Splice both it and form gap, the side of two workpiece is held out against respectively using the laterally and tightly propped fixture of screw mechanism class, is made
The gap width in splicing gap to be welded is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 3：Using first group of following technological parameter, from the initiating terminal of the fillet in normal shear of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections
Proceed by the prewelding operation of agitating friction weldering：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 20mm；Mixing needle length 10mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 10mm, mixing needle
End diameter 6mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, the speed of welding along bead direction is 1000mm/min, rotating speed
For 1200rpm；Mixing needle is 30mm/min along vertical axial feed rate and mixing needle along vertical axial uplift rate；
After the prewelding operation of fillet in normal shear is fully completed, stirring-head is lifted, and the prefabricated hole machined for performing step 4 is made
Industry：
Step 4：Using second group of following technological parameter, opened from the initiating terminal of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections fillet in normal shear
Beginning is stirred the pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of friction welding (FW)：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, mixing needle
End diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, is 150mm/min along the speed of welding of bead direction, rotating speed is
400rpm；
Initiating terminal is welded, the distance for playing weldering positional distance workpiece end is more than shaft shoulder diameter 48mm, and welding stirring-head is inverse
Hour hands rotate, and mixing needle is slowly penetrated with the feed rate along vertical axial direction 10mm/min, when shaft shoulder rigid connection touches workpiece table to be welded
During face, mixing needle starts slowly to lift with the axial feed speed of 10mm/min, and forms the pre-manufactured hole of depth about 43mm；Cleaning
Terminate the setting up procedure of pre-manufactured hole after the aluminium foam overlap of workpiece surface overfolw hole outside to be welded, and perform the face bonding of step 5
The formal weld job of seam：
Step 5：Using the stirring-head described in step 4, using the 3rd group of following technological parameter, from the position of pre-manufactured hole
Start, continue fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering and formally weld operation, it specifically includes following sub-step：
Step 5.1：Carry out that fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds operation using following the 3rd group of technological parameter the
One stage：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, mixing needle
End diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, the speed of welding along bead direction is 150mm/min, counterclockwise
Rotating speed is 400rpm；
The operation first stage is formally welded when fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering to carry out reaching 300-500mm to welded seam length
When, the first stage that fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds operation terminates, and starts second stage：
Step 5.2：Fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds the second stage of operation：
Start water mist cooling system, and continue residue length of the 3rd group of technological parameter as described in step 5.1 to weld seam
Weld job is performed, until the welding of whole fillet in normal shear finishes, by weldment cooled to room temperature；Fillet in normal shear stirring is completed to rub
Wipe all formal weldering operation of weldering；
Step 6：Workpiece is overturn, and Set and Positioning again is carried out to two weldments to frock with group, is made and fillet in normal shear phase
Corresponding back side splicing gap is placed in normal welding posture, and utilizes the laterally and tightly propped fixture of screw mechanism class respectively to two
The side of workpiece is held out against, and the gap width that gap is spliced at the back side to be welded is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 7：Carry out the workpiece cleaning treatment before sealing run welding：With alcohol to splicing the initiating terminal in gap
25mm scopes carry out surface cleaning；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 8：The prewelding that agitating friction weldering is proceeded by from the initiating terminal of the sealing run of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections is made
Industry, the initiating terminal of its sealing run are located at the underface of fillet in normal shear initiating terminal described in step 3, used technological parameter, with
First group of technological parameter described in step 3 is identical；
Step 9：Using second group of technological parameter described in step 4, from super thick plate aluminum alloy sections sealing run
Beginning proceeds by the pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of agitating friction weldering, and the prefabricated hole site that overleaf initiating terminal of weld seam is formed is in step
The underface of the rapid four fillet in normal shear pre-manufactured hole；
Step 10：Using the 3rd group of technological parameter and method described in step 5, opened from the pre-manufactured hole position of sealing run
Begin, continue sealing run agitating friction weldering and formally weld operation, until the welding of whole sealing run finishes, weldment is naturally cold
But to room temperature, complete whole super thick plate aluminum alloy sections just, the agitating friction weldering whole weld job of back of the body double welded joint.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention is summarized according to substantial amounts of practical experience, sets forth for ultra-thick plate
Aluminium alloy extrusions just, the back of the body double welded joint agitating friction weldering operation processing step and optimised process control parameter.Wherein, just
The welding of the first time of face or sealing run carries out quick prewelding using given special parameter, due to being taken to face of weld
It is all the rapidly pre-warming technology of agitating friction weldering so that face of weld pre-heating temperature elevation, so as to formally be welded in follow-up
Deeper weldpool is formed in journey, reaches the partial penetrated effect to inconel weld.
Before the formal welding of front or sealing run, pre-manufactured hole is set in the initiating terminal of weld seam, it is equivalent to rising
Welding position puts that thickness of workpiece to be welded is thinning, so as to substantially reduce the forging force of welding starting, and overcomes old agitating friction welding technology
In part to be welded surface not yet touched due to the stirring-head shaft shoulder, stirring heat is less caused by the frictional force of mixing needle, this mistake
Vertical extruding force in journey can produce excessive forging force, cause aluminum alloy plate materials in weld seam initiating terminal mixing needle insertion process to exist
Depressed deformation is produced under excessive forging force, and the weld seam at the place of collapsing is broadened, so as to the sudden strain of a muscle that weld seam both ends can not be closely connected occur
The intrinsic problem of phenomenon is stitched, meanwhile, setting for pre-manufactured hole can also effective specified side stretch pressure grade of the reduction group to frock
And assembling precision, and then manufacturing difficulty and cost of the reduction group to frock, and avoid the group in front of weld seam from welding gap side
While becoming larger, strengthening side top power even through Fixture Design can not also ensure the problem of weld clearance can occur；Pre-manufactured hole arrangement is completed
Afterwards, by clearing up the aluminium foam overlap of workpiece surface overfolw hole outside in time, mixing needle can be reduced and squeezed out in pre-manufactured hole position
The metal fillings come has been attached to the situation that welding position is put and has occurred, and operator's sight is not easy to be obstructed, and just enables follow-up welding procedure suitable
Profit continues.
Before and after workpiece turning, it splices twice puts identical, agitating friction weldering machined parameters and welding with a welding position
Direction is also completely the same, is completely reversed counteracting so as to fulfill welding stress and pyrocondensation deformation, Friction stir welding, which uses, to be stirred
It is dextrorotation pattern to mix head, and lathe shaft is rotation counterclockwise；Purpose is the advance side for realizing double-sided symmetrical weld seam with retreating side
Reasonable Arrangement, so as to effectively improve the tensile strength 8-10% of welding point.
In processing pre-manufactured hole, pre-welding and each link for formally welding, mixing needle is along vertical axial feed rate
The iptimum speed value for being summarized through substantial amounts of practical experience and groping and obtaining, it has considered the wear rate of mixing needle, weldering
The axis that reachable depth, rate of heat dispation, postwelding anti-deformation effect and the mixing needle in seam thermoplastic deformation molten bath apply workpiece surface
To pressure value, under this feed rate, weld seam can completely avoid the generation of flash stitch problem, while stirring-head is effectively ensured and does not damage
It is bad.
For fillet in normal shear by two big links of prewelding and formal weldering, the weld seam for taking the lead in completing realizes partial penetrated effect, so that
Reach full penetration effect for follow-up sealing run welding and carry out necessary basic condition；Meanwhile the front completed
The formal weld job of weld seam, can equally play to pre- group of sealing run to effect, so as to effectively reduction group to work
The specified side stretch pressure grade and assembling precision of dress, and then manufacturing difficulty and cost of the reduction group to frock.
In addition, the startup opportunity of water mist cooling system is also to have a large amount of practices to grope summary to draw, water mist cooling system exists
Starting under the startup opportunity, it is ensured that weld seam thermoplastic area has enough thermal weld stress, reaches welding point partial penetrated effect,
Allow unnecessary welding heat radiate by spraying system in time again at the same time to eliminate, so as to effectively prevent weld seam in follow-up weldering
There is accumulation of heat in the formal weldering operation of seam, weld seam end workpiece upwarps deformation.
The 6082-T4 type standard EMU hitch base member aluminium alloy thick plates for reaching 84mm for thickness value can not be by normal
The agitating friction weldering of rule reaches the weldering of single side full penetration, even if directly weldment is overturn to reverse side in a simple manner, and for super
The thick aluminum alloy plate materials back side carries out same agitating friction weldering, can not also reach the technical problem of two-sided penetration weld, this method institute
Two-sided prewelding, the double-sided symmetrical proposed sets the solid phase of pre-manufactured hole, the insertion of double-sided symmetrical secondary agitation pin and double-sided symmetrical weldering to connect
Connecing FSW welding new method can realize that the 6082-T4 type standard EMU hitch base members aluminium for reaching 84mm for thickness value closes
The two-sided full penetration FSW welding of golden slab.This method has not only reduced the forging force of solder joint, the manufacturing of the reduction group to frock
Difficulty and cost, improve welding quality, precision and efficiency, moreover it is possible to phenomena such as effectively overcoming flash stitch, aluminium foam overlap block vision
Occur, thus greatly improve agitating friction weldering disposable full penetration processing success rate, and then save mass energy, resource and
Manpower and materials, improve productivity effect, and create considerable economic value.It is by largely putting into practice the optimised process for groping to sum up
Parameter index, is pioneering, effect is preferable.
In addition, the ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method also have it is easy to operate, it is of low cost, be easy to
The advantages that popularizing.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below.
The ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1：Workpiece cleaning treatment before being welded：With alcohol to splice gap initiating terminal 25mm scopes into
Row surface cleaning；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 2：Workpiece group pair before being welded：It will treat that group two aluminium alloy thick plates of weldering by welding position group pair, make
Splice both it and form gap, the side of two workpiece is held out against respectively using the laterally and tightly propped fixture of screw mechanism class, is made
The gap width in splicing gap to be welded is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 3：Using first group of following technological parameter, from the initiating terminal of the fillet in normal shear of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections
Proceed by the prewelding operation of agitating friction weldering：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 20mm；Mixing needle length 10mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 10mm, mixing needle
End diameter 6mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, the speed of welding along bead direction is 1000mm/min, rotating speed
For 1200rpm；Mixing needle is 30mm/min along vertical axial feed rate and mixing needle along vertical axial uplift rate；
After the prewelding operation of fillet in normal shear is fully completed, stirring-head is lifted, and the prefabricated hole machined for performing step 4 is made
Industry：
Step 4：Using second group of following technological parameter, opened from the initiating terminal of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections fillet in normal shear
Beginning is stirred the pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of friction welding (FW)：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, mixing needle
End diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, is 150mm/min along the speed of welding of bead direction, rotating speed is
400rpm；
Initiating terminal is welded, the distance for playing weldering positional distance workpiece end is more than shaft shoulder diameter 48mm, and lathe drives stirring-head
Rotation counterclockwise, mixing needle is slowly penetrated with the feed rate along vertical axial direction 10mm/min, when shaft shoulder rigid connection touches workpiece to be welded
During surface, mixing needle starts slowly to lift with the axial feed speed of 10mm/min, and forms the pre-manufactured hole of depth about 43mm；Clearly
Terminate the setting up procedure of pre-manufactured hole after managing the aluminium foam overlap of workpiece surface overfolw hole outside to be welded, and perform the front of step 5
The formal weld job of weld seam：
Step 5：Using the stirring-head described in step 4, using the 3rd group of following technological parameter, from the position of pre-manufactured hole
Start, continue fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering and formally weld operation, it specifically includes following sub-step：
Step 5.1：Carry out that fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds operation using following the 3rd group of technological parameter the
One stage：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, mixing needle
End diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, the speed of welding along bead direction is 150mm/min, counterclockwise
Rotating speed is 400rpm；
The operation first stage is formally welded when fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering to carry out reaching 300-500mm to welded seam length
When, the first stage that fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds operation terminates, and starts second stage：
Step 5.2：Fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds the second stage of operation：
Start water mist cooling system, and continue residue length of the 3rd group of technological parameter as described in step 5.1 to weld seam
Weld job is performed, until the welding of whole fillet in normal shear finishes, by weldment cooled to room temperature；Fillet in normal shear stirring is completed to rub
Wipe all formal weldering operation of weldering；
This step is summarized according to substantial amounts of practical experience, gives the optimised process control ginseng that fillet in normal shear formally welds operation
Count, after the scheme for implementing this step, its weld seam completed realizes partial penetrated effect, so as to be that follow-up sealing run welds
Access into full penetration effect and carry out necessary basis condition；Meanwhile the formal of fillet in normal shear that this step is completed is welded
Operation, can equally play to pre- group of sealing run to effect, the specified side of frock is held out against so as to effectively reduction group
Pressure rating and assembling precision, and then manufacturing difficulty and cost of the reduction group to frock, in addition, water mist cooling system opens
Dynamic opportunity is also to have a large amount of practices to grope summary to draw, water mist cooling system starts under the startup opportunity, can ensure weldering
Seam thermoplastic area has enough thermal weld stress, reaches welding point partial penetrated effect, while makes unnecessary welding heat can be with again
Radiated and eliminated by spraying system in time, so as to effectively prevent weld seam from heat occur in follow-up weld seam formally welds operation and tiring out
Product, weld seam ending segment workpiece upwarp deformation.
Step 6：Workpiece is overturn, and Set and Positioning again is carried out to two weldments to frock with group, is made and fillet in normal shear phase
Corresponding back side splicing gap is placed in normal welding posture, and utilizes the laterally and tightly propped fixture of screw mechanism class respectively to two
The side of workpiece is held out against, and the gap width that gap is spliced at the back side to be welded is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 7：Stirring is performed to the back side splicing gap after upset according to step 4 to step 5 the method again to rub
Wipe weld job；
Carry out the workpiece cleaning treatment before sealing run welding：With alcohol to splice gap initiating terminal 25mm scopes into
Row surface cleaning；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 8：The prewelding that agitating friction weldering is proceeded by from the initiating terminal of the sealing run of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections is made
Industry, the initiating terminal of its sealing run are located at the underface of fillet in normal shear initiating terminal described in step 3, used technological parameter, with
First group of technological parameter described in step 3 is identical；
Step 9：Using second group of technological parameter described in step 4, from super thick plate aluminum alloy sections sealing run
Beginning proceeds by the pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of agitating friction weldering, and the prefabricated hole site that overleaf initiating terminal of weld seam is formed is in step
The underface of the rapid four fillet in normal shear pre-manufactured hole；
Step 10：Using the 3rd group of technological parameter and method described in step 5, opened from the pre-manufactured hole position of sealing run
Begin, continue sealing run agitating friction weldering and formally weld operation, until the welding of whole sealing run finishes, weldment is naturally cold
But to room temperature, complete whole super thick plate aluminum alloy sections just, the agitating friction weldering whole weld job of back of the body double welded joint.
This step is summarized according to substantial amounts of practical experience, gives the optimised process control ginseng that sealing run formally welds operation
Count, after the scheme for implementing this step, sealing run can smoothly reach the FSW welding effects of complete penetration；In addition, this step
The formal weld job for the sealing run completed, can effectively reduction group to the specified side stretch pressure grade of frock and group pair
Precision, and then manufacturing difficulty and cost of the reduction group to frock, and effectively prevent weld seam in welding process or cooling with
After occur upwarping deformation.
Claims (1)
1. ultra-thick plate aluminum alloy section agitating friction welding welding method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Workpiece cleaning treatment before being welded：Table is carried out to the 25mm scopes for splicing the initiating terminal in gap with alcohol
Clean in face；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 2：Workpiece group pair before being welded：Two aluminium alloy thick plates of weldering will be treated group by welding position group pair, make secondly
Person splices and forms gap, and the side of two workpiece is held out against respectively using the laterally and tightly propped fixture of screw mechanism class, is made to be welded
The gap width in the splicing gap connect is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 3：Using first group of following technological parameter, since the initiating terminal of the fillet in normal shear of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections
It is stirred the prewelding operation of friction welding (FW)：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 20mm；Mixing needle length 10mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 10mm, stir needle end part
Diameter 6mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, is 1000mm/min along the speed of welding of bead direction, rotating speed is
1200rpm；Mixing needle is 30mm/min along vertical axial feed rate and mixing needle along vertical axial uplift rate；
After the prewelding operation of fillet in normal shear is fully completed, stirring-head is lifted, and performs the prefabricated hole machined operation of step 4：
Step 4：Using second group of following technological parameter, since the initiating terminal of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections fillet in normal shear into
The pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of row agitating friction weldering：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, stir needle end part
Diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, is 150mm/min along the speed of welding of bead direction, rotating speed is
400rpm；
Initiating terminal is welded, the distance for playing weldering positional distance workpiece end is more than shaft shoulder diameter 48mm, and welding stirring-head is counterclockwise
Rotation, mixing needle is slowly penetrated with the feed rate along vertical axial direction 10mm/min, when shaft shoulder rigid connection touches workpiece surface to be welded,
Mixing needle starts slowly to lift with the axial feed speed of 10mm/min, and forms the pre-manufactured hole that depth is 43mm；Clear up to be welded
Terminate the setting up procedure of pre-manufactured hole after the aluminium foam overlap of workpiece surface overfolw hole outside, and perform the fillet in normal shear of step 5
Formal weld job：
Step 5：Using the stirring-head described in step 4, using the 3rd group of following technological parameter, opened from the position of pre-manufactured hole
Begin, continue fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering and formally weld operation, it specifically includes following sub-step：
Step 5.1：The first rank of operation is formally welded using following the 3rd group of technological parameter progress fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering
Section：
The parameter of stirring-head is：Shaft shoulder diameter 48mm；Mixing needle length 43mm, mixing needle root diameter (RD) 22mm, stir needle end part
Diameter 11mm, mixing needle use dextroform mixing needle；
Machine-settings are：2.5 degree of top rake is welded, the speed of welding along bead direction is 150mm/min, rotating speed counterclockwise
For 400rpm；
When fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering, which formally welds the operation first stage, to be carried out reaching 300-500mm to welded seam length,
The first stage that fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds operation terminates, and starts second stage：
Step 5.2：Fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering formally welds the second stage of operation：
Start water mist cooling system, and continue the 3rd group of technological parameter as described in step 5.1 and the residue length of weld seam is performed
Weld job, until the welding of whole fillet in normal shear finishes, by weldment cooled to room temperature；Complete fillet in normal shear agitating friction weldering
All formal weldering operations；
Step 6：Workpiece is overturn, and Set and Positioning again is carried out to two weldments to frock with group, is made corresponding with fillet in normal shear
Back side splicing gap be placed in normal welding posture, and using screw mechanism class laterally and tightly propped fixture respectively to two workpiece
Side hold out against, the gap width that gap is spliced at the back side to be welded is controlled within 0.5mm scopes；
Step 7：Carry out the workpiece cleaning treatment before sealing run welding：25mm models with alcohol to the initiating terminal in splicing gap
Enclose carry out surface cleaning；Polished again with stainless steel wire brush and remove workpiece splicing slit surfaces oxide-film；
Step 8：The prewelding operation of agitating friction weldering is proceeded by from the initiating terminal of the sealing run of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections,
The initiating terminal of its sealing run is located at the underface of fillet in normal shear initiating terminal described in step 3, used technological parameter, with step
First group of technological parameter described in rapid three is identical；
Step 9：Using second group of technological parameter described in step 4, from the initiating terminal of super thick plate aluminum alloy sections sealing run
The pre-manufactured hole setting up procedure of agitating friction weldering is proceeded by, the prefabricated hole site that overleaf initiating terminal of weld seam is formed is in step 4
The underface of the fillet in normal shear pre-manufactured hole；
Step 10：Using the 3rd group of technological parameter and method described in step 5, since the pre-manufactured hole position of sealing run, after
The continuous sealing run agitating friction weldering that carries out formally welds operation, until the welding of whole sealing run finishes, weldment is naturally cooled to
Room temperature, complete whole super thick plate aluminum alloy sections just, the back of the body double welded joint agitating friction weldering whole weld job.
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| CN108723578A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-02 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | The friction stir welding method of hollow aluminium section bar split arc plate |
| CN108746983A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-06 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of welding method improving T connector welding performance |
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| CN112427799A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-02 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Friction stir welding manufacturing method of large-size high-thickness aluminum alloy panel |
| CN114309917A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 大连交通大学 | Butt-joint friction stir welding method for same/different materials |
| CN115121931A (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2022-09-30 | 广东铭利达科技有限公司 | High-strength aluminum alloy support friction stir welding method |
| CN115121931B (en) * | 2022-06-18 | 2023-08-04 | 广东铭利达科技有限公司 | Friction stir welding method for high-strength aluminum alloy support |
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