CN101693323A - Ultrasound-assisted vacuum electron beam welding method of magnesium and magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Ultrasound-assisted vacuum electron beam welding method of magnesium and magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693323A CN101693323A CN200910191124A CN200910191124A CN101693323A CN 101693323 A CN101693323 A CN 101693323A CN 200910191124 A CN200910191124 A CN 200910191124A CN 200910191124 A CN200910191124 A CN 200910191124A CN 101693323 A CN101693323 A CN 101693323A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasound-assisted vacuum electron beam welding method which is applied to magnesium and magnesium alloy and can solve the technical difficulty that magnesium, magnesium alloy and especially cast magnesium alloy generate pores, cold shut and other cavity-type defects in the vacuum electron beam welding process. During the vacuum electron beam welding process, the technology applies structure load ultrasound energy with certain frequency and amplitude of vibration, wherein the frequency of ultrasound is 20-50kHz and the amplitude of vibration is 5-40mum. By conducting continuous oscillation on a molten pool generated by vacuum electron beam welding and the nearby area to a certain extent, the method can effectively eliminate the pores, cold shut and other cavity-type defects in the welding process and obtain high-quality welding joints.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding method of magnesium alloy, be applicable to magnesium and magnesium alloy, especially the welding of cast magnesium alloy.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy is a kind of practical metal material of candidate with latency development prospect, excellent performance, is described as " the green engineering material of 21 century ".Because magnesium alloy all has unique advantage at aspects such as light weight, specific strength, thermal conductivity, electric conductivity, damping capacity, energy storage, machinability, recuperability and dimensional stabilitys, make Application of Magnesium be tending towards extensively all having extremely important using value and wide application prospect in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, household electrical appliances, electronic communication and national defense and military.
There has been the method that is applied to the magnesium alloy welding of report that gas welding, TIG weldering, MIG weldering, plasma arc welding (PAW), electron beam welding, Laser Welding, electric resistance welding, friction welding (FW), diffusion welding (DW), soldering and composite heat power supply weldering are arranged both at home and abroad.
For molten solder, the welding method that is usually used in magnesium alloy mainly contains arc welding and high energy beam current welding.Wherein, arc welding be magnesium alloy welding the earliest, also be to use welding method the most widely, have or not dose the metal welding wire situation under, arc welding method all can carry out the welding of magnesium alloy, its method mainly contains TIG weldering, MIG weldering and plasma arc welding (PAW).TIG weldering is used for the plate sheet welding of magnesium alloy more, have welding point be out of shape little, the heat affected area is narrow, the mechanical property of joint and decay resistance are all than advantages such as height.Simultaneously, in the arc burning process, electrode is infusible, so keep constant arc length easily, welding process is comparatively stable, and electrode and arc region and deposite metal all are among the argon shield, make it and air insulated, and welding effect is better.The magnesium alloy weld joint of MIG weldering, mass ratio TIG weldering is more good and stable, is suitable for the magnesium alloy of throat thickness greater than 5mm.Owing to adopt welding wire to make electrode and fill weld seam, consider the cause of productivity ratio, multiselect direct current reverse polarity can make it to have good negative electrode atomizing simultaneously.The energy density of plasma arc, temperature and penetration power all are significantly higher than free electric arc, are a kind of welding methods efficiently, are suitable for the occasion than the slab magnesium alloy.When adopting the PLASMA ARC WELDING magnesium alloy, can not have a complete penetraction and fusion in welding realizing the cut deal butt joint under the situation of backing plate overleaf, and face of weld is smooth, shows good fatigue mechanics performance.Penetration capacity of above-mentioned arc-welding method welding heat source is limited, mainly is applicable to the welding of thin plate or cut deal magnesium alloy.
The high energy beam current welding is a kind of efficient welding method that is used for magnesium alloy, comprises Laser Welding, the compound weldering of laser-electric arc and electron beam welding.Laser Welding is the efficient welding method that can be used for a kind of high power density of magnesium alloy welding.Its hot input quantity is low, and fusion area and heat affected area are narrow, and welding deformation is little, and the welding line joint performance is good, can realize big penetration welding, and carries out automated production easily.For some wrought magnesium alloys, can obtain flawless, low porosity, welding point that shaping surface is good.The laser-electric arc composite welding process combines laser high-energy-density and the big advantage of electric arc heated scope, by the reciprocation of laser and electric arc, improves the coupling of laser energy and the stability of electric arc, to obtain comprehensive welding effect.But; control parameter in the compound welding technology practical application of magnesium alloy laser-electric arc is more, for example: the distance of the electric current of laser power, electric arc and voltage, laser pulse frequency and width, speed of welding, laser and arc center, laser and electric arc fit system, packing material, protective gas composition and flow velocity etc.Therefore, the welding process more complicated, inconvenience is regulated and control.In addition, under the high temperature action of laser, the tungsten electrode scaling loss is more serious.Electric arc and laser beam effect more complicated cause the swing of electrode erosion and electric arc during high-frequency arc strike, unstable after the starting the arc.
The beam power density height, advantage such as penetration power is strong, is commonly used in the welding under the vacuum environment, and it is fast to have speed of welding, and heat input is little, and the heat affected area is narrow, and depth-to-width ratio is big, and welding deformation is little is applicable to the welding of thin plate and slab magnesium alloy.For the slab magnesium alloy materials, can penetrate in the prerequisite of square groove next time.This be because, during vacuum electron beam welding magnesium alloy, under the effect of high power density thermal source, the electron beam below can produce strong metal vapors at once, under the effect of metallic vapour pressure and evaporation reaction force, liquid metals is to arranging all around and bottom the molten bath, make the electron beam direct of high power density act on the molten bath bottom metal, form the keyhole of spike, and aggravate it and expand to the deep, after steam pressure, steam reaction force, line pressure and liquid metals static pressure and surface tension balance, keyhole no longer continues deeply.Therefore, under the high power density situation, the rapid evaporation of metal causes electron beam to go deep into that keyhole is inner directly to be acted on metal material, i.e. the direct mechanism of action of electron beam and material, thereby the big weld seam of formation depth-to-width ratio.Because the fusing point of magnesium alloy is low, vapour pressure is high, form cavity type defectives such as pore and cold shut easily at the root of weld.The formation of these defectives is inseparable with the keyhole effect that the electron beam welding thermal source of high power density acts on the workpiece generation, has also influenced the raising of welding quality.Because the hot input quantity of electron beam welding is little, cooling velocity is fast, and weld penetration is bigger, and after the electronic beam current, the partial interior gas of generation has little time come-up, thereby forms pore; In addition, the partial coagulation before liquid metal does not fill up keyhole around of keyhole hole wall, the metal that causes flowing into aperture can not merge well with hole wall, easily forms internal flaws such as cold shut, and this also is a kind of peculiar weld defect of vacuum electron beam welding.For casting magnesium alloy material, because its institutional framework is more loose with respect to wrought magnesium alloy, cavity type defective workmanships such as pore, cold shut are more outstanding in the vacuum electron beam welding process, influenced the raising of welding quality.Therefore require to have the accurate operating procedure of a cover to prevent defectives such as pore, cold shut.Past, once when electron beam focuses on, adopted to defocus and welded, can partly avoid such defective.But the welding procedure that electron beam defocuses has influenced the energy density distribution of electron beam welding thermal source, and its deep penetration ability is reduced, and the fusion penetration that obtains weld seam is more shallow, can't reach the forming a solder effect that needs in the occasion of some penetration fustion welding.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the prior art above shortcomings, a kind of easy enforcement is provided, in the vacuum electron beam welding process of magnesium and magnesium alloy, be used for eliminating the cavity type defective such as pore, cold shut of weld seam, the ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding method that welding quality is improved.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding method of a kind of magnesium and magnesium alloy, carry out according to the following steps:
(1) ultrasonic wave is imported device and be pressed on magnesium to be welded and magnesium alloy weldment surface;
(2) realize that by signal conductor the indoor ultrasonic wave of vacuum welding imports being electrically connected of the outdoor supersonic generator of device and vacuum welding;
(3) close vacuum welding chamber, vacuum electron beam welding equipment and vacuum welding chamber are vacuumized, obtaining vacuum is 10
-1Pa~10
-3The welding surroundings of Pa;
(4) start ultrasonic vibration, its ultrasonic frequency is 20~50kHz, and amplitude is 5~40 μ m, and excited frequency is adjustable continuously, and adjusts vibration frequency, makes it avoid the resonant frequency interval in the weld seam molten bath of magnesium alloy workpiece to be welded;
(5) start the vacuum electron beam welding, and under hyperacoustic continuous shaking, finish welding operation;
(6) after the vacuum electron beam welding is finished, keep ultrasonic vibration 1~2min, finish whole welding process;
(7) open vacuum welding chamber, remove ultrasonic wave and import device, weldment cools off naturally.
Described ultrasonic wave can be compressional wave or shear wave at different welding point forms, eliminates cavity type defective in the welding process to obtain different vibrating effects.If the ultrasonic wave form that adopts is a compressional wave, or the shear wave that obtains by the compressional wave conversion, can preset couplant 10 at stitching surface, make ultrasonic wave when importing workpiece into by gatherer, avoid too much ultrasonic energy losses.If the ultrasonic wave form that adopts is a shear wave, then need not to preset couplant on the pressing surface.Couplant can adopt machine oil, glycerine.
The welding point form of described magnesium alloy workpiece to be welded can be banjo fixing butt jointing, corner joint, tee T joint, lap joint and ring joint.
Innovation of the present invention is that having added ultrasonic wave in the vacuum electron beam welding process of magnesium and magnesium alloy assists, and ultrasonic wave is the sound wave of frequency greater than 20kHz.Utilize the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric chip, supersonic generator and sound system convert the oscillating current of supersonic frequency the vertical or horizontal elastic mechanical vibrational energy of identical or close frequencies to, this vibration are amplified to a certain degree again, and export to weldment.For the weldment of different structure shape and the weld seam of different joint forms, horizontal or longitudinal elasticity mechanical vibrational energy can produce different vibrating effects, forms the ultrasonic vibration to weldment and molten bath.The ultrasonic vibration effect acts on bath wall and keyhole wall, helps motlten metal in the molten bath to the filling of cavity.The ultrasonic vibration effect acts on the motlten metal in the molten bath, flows in the flow field that helps to influence the molten bath, thereby helps the formation and the come-up of pore, reaches the effect of mechanically eliminating defective.Such ultrasonic vibration effect influences principle as shown in Figure 1 to the magnesium alloy welding process, and its operation principle is referring to Fig. 5.Fig. 1 .a is the weld seam longitudinal section, ultrasonic vibration effect G transmits by solid dielectric, and act on fusion weld metal D, especially the liquid wall surface of keyhole F, increase the filling effect of motlten metal, avoid to a certain extent owing to fill the cavity defective at the most advanced and sophisticated position of weld seam of untimely formation to keyhole F bottom.Fig. 1 .b is a seam cross-section, ultrasonic vibration effect G acts on the motlten metal D in the weld seam molten bath, strengthen the buoyancy in the molten bath, the action effect of gravity equal-volume power, further driving the molten bath fluid flows, help improving the density of molten pool metal and the come-up of pore H, avoid gas hole defect and tissue looseness too much in the weld seam to a certain extent.
The ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding method that the present invention proposes is compared with existing magnesium alloy vacuum electro-beam welding process, under the prerequisite that does not increase the additional technique program, by applying the ultrasonic vibration of certain energy, help the filling of the come-up of gas medium in the low melting point magnesium alloy materials molten bath and motlten metal to the cavity type defective, thereby successfully eliminate cavity type defectives such as pore, cold shut, improve magnesium and magnesium alloy weld seam compactness, obtain good quality solder joints.Thereby can realize the high-quality of magnesium and magnesium alloy materials, efficient welding, be to the abundant of magnesium alloy welding processing with replenish, this method specifically has the following advantages and effect:
1, can eliminate magnesium and magnesium alloy in a large number, especially the cast magnesium alloy electron-bombardment welding cavity type defectives such as living pore, cold shut of practicing midwifery improve welding quality.
2, under vacuum condition, weld, do not influence welding quality, apply ultrasonic energy, be not subjected to the limitation of vacuum environment, do not increase the extra soldered processing cost with the structural load form, the production efficiency height, technology is flexible, can satisfy the demand of common product.
3, ultrasonic energy applies from mother metal, and the importing position is flexible, and it is convenient to implement, and can regulate the ultrasonic vibration characteristic parameter continuously, pointed, can make ultrasonic vibration obtain optimum efficiency expeditiously.
4, the ultrasonic wave and the ultrasound waveguide entering tone department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences part that can apply according to welding point form, weldment structural form selection is subjected to the limitation of version little, applied widely.
5, by drawing the external ultrasonic wave control system of lead vacuum seal structure, be convenient to the transmission of ultrasonic wave control signal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding principle schematic of magnesium alloy, and Fig. 1 a is on the welding direction, and promptly weld seam longitudinal section ultrasonic wave is to the dither effect in molten bath, Fig. 1 b be on the seam cross-section ultrasonic wave to the dither effect in molten bath.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding equipment of magnesium alloy.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are respectively the welding process flow figure of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
Fig. 5 is the technological principle schematic diagram of ultrasonic auxiliary vacuum electron beam welding.
Among the figure: A focused beam, B metal vapors plasma, weld seam, the fusion weld metal in the D molten bath, E magnesium alloy mother metal, F keyhole, G ultrasonic vibration effect, H pore, v workpiece translational speed that C solidifies.
F ultrasonic frequency, I welding line, I
cFocus current, t
1Ultrasonic vibration cycle, t
2Electron beam welding cycle, t
3Electron beam remelting cycle, I
1Welding line, I that the electron beam preliminary sweep adopts
2The welding line that electron beam remelting adopts.
Vacuum seal structure, 8 signal conductors, 9 ultrasonic waves that 1 focus coil, 2 deflection coils, 3 vacuum welding chamber, 4 electronic beam currents, 5 voltage-stabilized power supplies, 6 supersonic generators, 7 are drawn lead import device, 10 couplants, 11 magnesium alloy weldments, 12 workbench and transmission system.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figures 2 and 3, magnesium alloy weldment 11 to be welded is the butt joint of the slab construction of two thickness 10mm.By anchor clamps with on the workbench and transmission system 12 of two weldments, 11 clampings in vacuum welding chamber 3, coating couplant 10 imports on the stitching surface of device 9 in ultrasonic wave, then ultrasonic wave is imported device 9 and is pressed on the wherein welding bead surface of a workpiece to be welded by spring pressure mechanism.The signal conductor 8 that ultrasonic wave is imported device 9 is drawn by the lead vacuum seal structure 7 on the vacuum welding locular wall, realizes being electrically connected with ultrasonic vibration system inside and outside the vacuum welding chamber 3, and voltage-stabilized power supply 5 provides power supply for supersonic generator 6.Close vacuum welding chamber 3 then, take out electron gun to vacuum 2.3 * 10
-3Pa vacuumizes welding booth 3 to vacuum 3.8 * 10
-2Pa, thereby the welding surroundings of acquisition certain vacuum degree.Start supersonic generator 6, adjust the ultrasonic vibration frequency f to numerical value 25kHz, this moment, ultrasonic vibration began to put on magnesium alloy weldment 11.Set welding parameter, making accelerating potential is 60kV, and welding line I is 20mA, and the workbench speed of travel is 18mm/s, the focus current I of focus coil 1
cBe 470.5mA, it is zero that the deflection current of adjustment deflection coil 2 makes electron beam deflection angle.Begin to carry out welding operation after finishing the parameter setting, under hyperacoustic continuous shaking, the electron beam scanning process is through t
2Time finishes.Keep ultrasonic vibration 1min, close supersonic generator 6, ultrasonic vibration cycle this moment is t
1, finish welding process flow.Start vacuum welding chamber 3 and recover atmospheric pressure state, weldment 11 cools off naturally simultaneously, opens vacuum welding chamber 3 again, removes ultrasonic wave and imports device 9.
Embodiment 2: as Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, compare with technological process shown in Figure 3, Fig. 4 technological process has increased the electron beam remelting technology of ultrasonic wave under auxiliary.Magnesium alloy weldment 11 is the corner connection of the riser of the transverse slat of a thickness 10mm and a 10mm.By anchor clamps with two weldment clampings on workbench and transmission system 12, coating couplant 10 imports on the stitching surface of device 9 in ultrasonic wave, then ultrasonic wave is imported device 9 is pressed on workpiece transverse slat to be welded by spring pressure mechanism surface, a face down bonding road.The signal conductor 8 that ultrasonic wave is imported device 9 is drawn by the lead vacuum seal structure 7 on the vacuum welding locular wall, makes vacuum welding chamber's 3 inside and outside ultrasonic vibration generators 6 realize being electrically connected.Close vacuum welding chamber 3, take out electron gun to vacuum 3.9 * 10
-3Pa vacuumizes welding booth 3 to vacuum 4.3 * 10
-2Pa, thereby the welding surroundings of acquisition certain vacuum degree.Start supersonic generator 6, adjust the ultrasonic vibration frequency f to numerical value 21kHz, this moment, ultrasonic vibration began to put on magnesium alloy weldment 11.Set welding parameter, making accelerating potential is 60kV, welding line I
1Be 35mA, the workbench speed of travel is 15mm/s, the focus current I of focus coil 1
cBe 470.5mA, it is zero that the deflection current of adjustment deflection coil 2 makes electron beam deflection angle.Begin to carry out welding operation after finishing the parameter setting, under hyperacoustic continuous shaking, the electron beam scanning process is through t
2Time finishes.Workbench and transmission system 12 move, and make the weld seam starting point that comes back to magnesium alloy weldment 11.Set the welding line I that remelting is adopted
2Be 30mA, all the other welding parameters remain unchanged; Perhaps change focus current I
cBe 460mA, promptly the electron beam focus state is for defocusing, and all the other welding parameters remain unchanged, and it is constant also to keep ultrasonic frequency vibratory f simultaneously.Begin to carry out welding operation after finishing the parameter setting, under hyperacoustic continuous shaking, the scanning process of electron beam remelting is through t
3Time finishes.Keep ultrasonic vibration 1min, close supersonic generator 6, ultrasonic vibration cycle this moment is t
1, finish welding process flow.Start vacuum welding chamber 3 and recover atmospheric pressure state, weldment 11 cools off naturally simultaneously, opens vacuum welding chamber 3 again, removes ultrasonic wave and imports device 9.
Claims (4)
1. magnesium and magnesium alloy ultrasonic assisted vacuum electron beam welding method is characterized in that the step of described welding method is as follows:
(1) ultrasonic wave is imported device and be pressed on indoor magnesium to be welded of vacuum welding or magnesium alloy weldment surface;
(2) realize that by signal conductor the indoor ultrasonic wave of vacuum welding imports being electrically connected of the outdoor supersonic generator of device and vacuum welding;
(3) close vacuum welding chamber, vacuum electron beam welding equipment and vacuum welding chamber are vacuumized, obtaining vacuum is 10
-1Pa~10
-3The vacuum welding environment of Pa;
(4) start ultrasonic vibration, its ultrasonic frequency is 20~50kHz, and amplitude is 5~40 μ m, and excited frequency is adjustable continuously, and adjusts vibration frequency, makes it avoid the resonant frequency interval in the weld seam molten bath of magnesium alloy workpiece to be welded;
(5) start the vacuum electron beam welding, under hyperacoustic continuous shaking, finish welding operation;
(6) after the vacuum electron beam welding is finished, keep ultrasonic vibration 1~2min, finish whole welding process;
(7) open vacuum welding chamber, remove ultrasonic wave and import device, weldment cools off naturally.
2. magnesium according to claim 1 and magnesium alloy ultrasonic assisted vacuum electron beam welding method is characterized in that: described ultrasonic wave form is compressional wave or shear wave; If the ultrasonic wave form that adopts is a compressional wave, or the shear wave that obtains by the compressional wave conversion, the stitching surface that imports device and magnesium alloy work-piece surface to be welded at ultrasonic wave presets couplant, makes ultrasonic wave when importing workpiece into by gatherer, avoids too much ultrasonic energy losses.
3. magnesium according to claim 1 and 2 and magnesium alloy ultrasonic assisted vacuum electron beam welding method is characterized in that: the welding point form of described magnesium and magnesium alloy weldment is banjo fixing butt jointing, corner joint, tee T joint, lap joint or ring joint.
4. magnesium according to claim 1 and 2 and magnesium alloy ultrasonic assisted vacuum electron beam welding method is characterized in that: described couplant adopts machine oil or glycerine.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105458510A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for eliminating pores in magnesium alloy welding |
CN105710537A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-06-29 | 北京隆源自动成型系统有限公司 | Ultrasonic assistec laser electric arc composite welding method of aluminum alloy |
CN111545890A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-08-18 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for magnesium alloy component |
CN115365103A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-22 | 广东利元亨智能装备股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic vibration assists welding set and welding equipment |
-
2009
- 2009-10-14 CN CN2009101911241A patent/CN101693323B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105458510A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-04-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for eliminating pores in magnesium alloy welding |
CN105458510B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2017-08-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of method for eliminating magnesium alloy welding stomata |
CN105710537A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-06-29 | 北京隆源自动成型系统有限公司 | Ultrasonic assistec laser electric arc composite welding method of aluminum alloy |
CN111545890A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-08-18 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for magnesium alloy component |
CN115365103A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-22 | 广东利元亨智能装备股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic vibration assists welding set and welding equipment |
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