CN108515266B - Method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of material processing engineering, and relates to a method for laser welding of aluminum alloy by high-frequency vibration assistance, which comprises the following steps: the pretreated aluminum alloy workpiece is rigidly fixed on a working platform provided with an electromagnetic vibration exciter, and laser welding is carried out in a protective gas environment under the action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter when the aluminum alloy workpiece is in a resonant frequency and vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece. According to the method, a high-frequency vibration auxiliary process is introduced in the aluminum alloy laser welding process, and the mechanical vibration effect generated by high-frequency vibration is utilized to refine crystal grains and improve the mechanical property of a welding joint; the method has the advantages of reducing the temperature gradient of the area around the welding seam in the welding process, facilitating the flow of liquid metal in a molten pool, reducing the generation of air holes, easily realizing automatic control, having high efficiency and convenient operation, and having more ideal engineering application significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material processing engineering, and particularly relates to a high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding method for aluminum alloy.
Background
Because of its low density, high strength close to or exceeding that of high-quality steel, good plasticity, excellent electric conductivity, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, the aluminum alloy is widely used in the industrial manufacture of aerospace, automobiles, high-speed trains, ships and the like, and is an industrial metal structure material which is widely used in industry.
Laser welding, which was developed in the last 70 th century and has received much attention in the european and american countries in the 80 th century, is a high-energy beam welding method using a high-power-density laser beam as a heat source for welding. Compared with the traditional welding method, the laser welding method has the advantages of high energy density, high welding speed, small welding heat affected zone, large depth-to-width ratio, fine weld grains, high joint quality and the like, and is widely applied to engineering.
The vibration welding is a welding method which applies periodic external force to a weldment in the conventional welding process to enable the weldment to be welded along with vibration, so that the aims of reducing welding residual stress, improving welding joint forming, optimizing joint tissues, refining grains and the like are achieved, and the performance of a welding joint is improved.
The laser welding has distinct advantages, but certain defects of weld joint air holes, welding residual stress, hot cracks, welding deformation and the like still exist in the aluminum alloy welding process. The laser welding head structure is mainly of columnar dendritic crystals, and when the dendritic crystals on the two sides of the molten pool meet at the center of the molten pool, the combination performance is low; in addition, the columnar crystal has anisotropy in performance, so that the comprehensive mechanical performance of the welding seam is poor. Therefore, the laser welding technology of aluminum alloy is one of the research hotspots in the field of material processing engineering.
The above-mentioned drawbacks of laser welding based on aluminium alloys form the following patents:
1. a laser welding method for aluminum alloy (patent publication No. CN 106181031A) is characterized in that a cyclone vacuum cover is arranged between a laser welding head and a base metal to be welded to form a local vacuum environment, so that the technical scheme of solving the problems of evaporation and burning loss of alloy elements and great reduction of the strength of a welding joint in the laser self-melting welding process of the aluminum alloy is solved.
2. A laser swing welding process method for aluminum alloy (patent publication No. CN 107442935A) adopts a method that a swing laser beam advances along a shaft parallel to the welding direction and reciprocates on two sides of the shaft to form a zigzag movement path, and solves the technical scheme that metallurgical air holes formed by hydrogen and alloy element steam and process air holes formed by unstable collapse of laser small holes in the laser welding process seriously exceed the standard and the like.
3. A laser-electric arc hybrid welding method for reducing aluminum alloy welding air holes (patent publication No. CN 106475684A) adopts a stranded welding wire to replace a common aluminum alloy welding wire, uses a laser-electric arc hybrid heat source to weld aluminum alloy, and can effectively reduce air holes and weld defects.
4. A method for inhibiting air holes in laser deep-melting welding of aluminum alloy (patent publication No. CN 106825912A) is characterized in that a metal niobium foil or niobium layer with the same size as the size of a section to be welded is preset on the butt joint surface of a base metal to be welded, so that the temperature of a molten pool is increased, the fluidity of the molten pool is improved, the stability of the laser welding process is improved, and the problem of air holes in the laser deep-melting welding process of the aluminum alloy is effectively solved.
The invention provides a novel aluminum alloy laser welding method based on the defects of aluminum alloy laser welding, which obviously reduces air holes, refines crystal grains, reduces the residual stress of a welding seam, optimizes the formability and improves the mechanical property of a welding part by introducing a high-frequency vibration auxiliary process in the aluminum alloy laser welding process and under the mechanical vibration action generated by high-frequency vibration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for laser welding of aluminum alloy by high-frequency vibration assistance, aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the method reduces the temperature gradient of a welding pool, promotes the flow of liquid metal in the pool, further reduces pores, refines weld grains, reduces welding residual stress and improves the mechanical property of a welding joint.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: the pretreated aluminum alloy workpiece is rigidly fixed on a working platform provided with an electromagnetic vibration exciter, and laser welding is carried out in a protective gas environment under the action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter when the aluminum alloy workpiece is in a resonant frequency and vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece. Specifically, under the action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter, the resonance frequency of the aluminum alloy workpiece, the working platform and the electromagnetic vibration exciter, the resonance acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece are determined, and the resonance state is kept.
The laser welding parameters are as follows: the laser power of the optical fiber laser is 3500W, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is-15 mm, the diameter of a light spot is 0.3mm, the flow of protective gas is 20L/min, and the angle of a welding gun is 90 degrees. The laser welding performed under the action of the laser welding parameters is laser deep fusion welding.
And the mechanical vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is transmitted to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece along the direction which forms an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the working platform and/or the aluminum alloy workpiece. As an optimal scheme, the mechanical vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is transmitted to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece along the direction which forms an included angle of 90 degrees with the working platform and the aluminum alloy weldment. The mechanical vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is transmitted to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece, so that the direction adjustability is realized, and the multi-plane-direction and multi-angle-direction three-dimensional vibration can be formed on the aluminum alloy workpiece, so that the requirements of different aluminum alloy workpieces on external vibration are met.
And the current of an exciting coil of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is 0-2.85A.
The method for generating the resonance frequency and the vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece under the action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter comprises the following steps: generating a control signal using a function signal generator and a power amplifier; the electromagnetic vibration exciter generates mechanical vibration according to the control signal, transmits the mechanical vibration to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece, and determines the vibration frequency range required by the aluminum alloy workpiece; sweeping frequency in a vibration frequency range by using a function signal generator to find out the resonance frequency of the aluminum alloy workpiece, the working platform and the electromagnetic vibration exciter; meanwhile, a vibration meter is used for monitoring the vibration acceleration of the aluminum alloy workpiece, so that the vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece is found, and the resonance state under the action of an electromagnetic vibration exciter is generated.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pre-treated aluminum alloy workpiece is rigidly fixed on a working platform provided with an electromagnetic vibration exciter; generating a control signal using a function signal generator and a power amplifier; the electromagnetic vibration exciter generates mechanical vibration according to the control signal, and transmits the mechanical vibration to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece along the direction vertical to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece, so as to determine the vibration frequency range required by the aluminum alloy workpiece; sweeping frequency in a vibration frequency range by using a function signal generator to find out the resonant frequency of the aluminum alloy workpiece, the electromagnetic vibration exciter and the working platform; meanwhile, monitoring the vibration acceleration of the aluminum alloy workpiece by using a vibration meter to find the vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece; after the resonant frequency and the vibration acceleration are determined, keeping the resonant state of the aluminum alloy workpiece, the electromagnetic vibration exciter and the working platform, and performing laser welding on the aluminum alloy workpiece in a protective gas environment;
the laser welding parameters are as follows: the laser power of the optical fiber laser is 3500W, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is-15 mm, the diameter of a light spot is 0.3mm, the flow of protective gas is 20L/min, and the angle of a welding gun is 90 degrees.
The parameters of the electromagnetic vibration exciter are as follows: the exciting coil current is 0-2.85A.
The vibration frequency range is 0 Hz-1455 Hz, preferably 100 Hz-1455 Hz, and more preferably 500 Hz-1200 Hz.
The resonance frequency is 505Hz to 1173Hz, preferably 923Hz to 1173Hz, more preferably 505Hz, 923Hz or 1173Hz, and the preferred scheme of the invention is 1173 Hz.
The pretreatment method of the aluminum alloy workpiece comprises the following steps: and sequentially polishing and cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece, cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece by using acetone after removing an oxide layer and stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece, and naturally drying the aluminum alloy workpiece by air to ensure that the surface to be welded of the aluminum alloy is bright and smooth.
The protective gas is argon, nitrogen or a mixed gas of argon and nitrogen, and preferably argon.
The method for laser welding the aluminum alloy by using the high-frequency vibration assistance can obviously reduce bubbles or air holes in the aluminum alloy welding joint.
Now, compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the high-frequency vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is introduced in the aluminum alloy laser welding process, the electromagnetic vibration exciter is used for replacing a centrifugal mechanical vibration exciter which is commonly used in industry, and the vibration amplitude is weakened while the vibration frequency is improved; under the high-frequency vibration action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter, the molten pool is stirred, the flow of liquid metal in the molten pool is enhanced, the temperature gradient of the molten pool is reduced, the generation of air holes is reduced, the volume of the air holes is reduced, the air holes in the molten pool can float upwards, and the influence of the air holes on the welding quality in the aluminum alloy welding process is avoided; the columnar dendrite of the molten pool can be effectively crushed, the temperature gradient of the molten pool is weakened, and the generation of coarse grains such as the columnar dendrite is further hindered, so that the grains of the weld structure are refined; welding residual stress can be reduced; finally, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy welding joint is improved.
2. The electromagnetic vibration exciter used in the invention has the vibration frequency as high as kilohertz, and can provide high-frequency vibration with wide vibration frequency band, large highest vibration frequency and continuously adjustable vibration frequency compared with the maximum vibration frequency of a centrifugal mechanical vibration exciter generally ranging from 60Hz to 100 Hz. For different aluminum alloy welding workpieces, the electromagnetic vibration exciter can provide different vibration frequencies, and can form multi-plane-direction and multi-angle-direction three-dimensional vibration on the aluminum alloy workpieces by adjusting the transmission direction of mechanical vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter, so that the requirements of different aluminum alloy workpieces on grain refinement, air hole reduction and residual stress reduction are further met.
3. The method is easy to control automatically, convenient to operate, high in efficiency and wide in engineering application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding apparatus for aluminum alloys according to the present invention. In the figure, 1-a welding working platform, 2-an electromagnetic vibration exciter, 3-a clamp, 4-an aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded, 5-a gas channel, 6-a laser welding assembly, 7-a laser beam and 8-a controller.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the profile and distribution of aluminum alloy welded joint cross-sectional blowholes at resonance frequencies of 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz, and 1173Hz, respectively, (a) is the profile and distribution of aluminum alloy welded joint cross-sectional blowholes at resonance frequency of 0Hz, (b) is the profile and distribution of aluminum alloy welded joint cross-sectional blowholes at resonance frequency of 505Hz, (c) is the profile and distribution of aluminum alloy welded joint cross-sectional blowholes at resonance frequency of 923Hz, (d) is the profile and distribution of aluminum alloy welded joint cross-sectional blowholes at resonance frequency of 1173Hz, and the white spots pointed by the arrows in (a), (b), (c), and (d) are blowholes.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure profile of an aluminum alloy weld joint obtained under the conditions of 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz and 1173Hz, respectively, (a) is a microstructure profile of an aluminum alloy weld joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 0Hz, (b) is a microstructure profile of an aluminum alloy weld joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 505Hz, (c) is a microstructure profile of an aluminum alloy weld joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 923Hz, and (d) is a microstructure profile of an aluminum alloy weld joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 1173 Hz.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the microhardness distribution of the welded joint at 0Hz, 505Hz, and 1173Hz, respectively, where Al 1 is the microhardness distribution of the welded joint at 0Hz, and is the curve at the lowest position in FIG. 4; al 2 is a micro-hardness distribution curve of the aluminum alloy welding joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 505Hz, and is a curve at the middle position of the graph in FIG. 4; al 4 is the micro-hardness distribution curve of the aluminum alloy welded joint obtained under the resonance frequency of 1173Hz, and is the curve of the uppermost position in the graph of FIG. 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific embodiment and the attached drawings.
The high-frequency vibration assisted laser welding device for the aluminum alloy shown in FIG. 1 comprises a horizontally-placed welding working platform 1 suitable for high-frequency vibration, wherein the welding working platform 1 is used for placing an aluminum alloy workpiece 4 to be welded; the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2, the clamp 3 and the controller 8 are arranged on the welding working platform 1, and the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2 is vertically fixed below the welding working platform 1 and is positioned in the center of the welding working platform; the fixture 3 is used for fixing an aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded; the controller 8 comprises a function signal generator, a power amplifier, a vibration meter and the like; above the welding work platform 1 is mounted a laser welding assembly 6, the laser welding assembly 6 comprising a gas channel 5 for feeding inert shielding gas and a laser beam 7 for laser welding the weld.
The mechanical vibration generated by the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2 is vertically transmitted to the welding working platform 1 and the aluminum alloy workpiece 4, namely, the mechanical vibration generated by the electromagnetic vibration exciter 2 is transmitted to the welding working platform 1 and the aluminum alloy workpiece 4 along the direction which forms an included angle of 90 degrees with the welding working platform 1 and the aluminum alloy workpiece 4, and an excitation force which reciprocates up and down is formed in a plane perpendicular to the welding working platform 1 and the aluminum alloy workpiece 4.
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out high-frequency vibration assisted laser self-fusion welding on an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 200 mm (length) multiplied by 150 mm (width) multiplied by 5mm on a welding working platform 1 by adopting an IPG YLS-5000 high-power optical fiber laser, wherein the process comprises the following specific steps:
the base plate and the aluminum alloy plate to be welded with the thickness of 5mm are rigidly fixed at the center of the working platform by using a clamp 3, and the base plate and the aluminum plate are separated by a steel block frame to prevent the aluminum alloy plate from being welded with the base plate. And (3) polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy plate by using No. 100 coarse sand paper, removing a surface oxide layer and stains to prevent inclusions and air holes in a molten pool during welding, finally cleaning by using acetone, and naturally drying.
Starting a high-frequency vibration frequency table, and generating a control signal by using a function signal generator and a power amplifier; the electromagnetic vibration exciter adjusts the self exciting force to generate mechanical vibration according to the control signal, and transmits the mechanical vibration to the welding working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece, so as to roughly determine the vibration frequency range required by the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded; sweeping frequency in the vibration frequency range by using a function signal generator to find the resonance frequency of the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded, the welding working platform and the electromagnetic vibration exciter;
after the resonant frequency is determined, under the resonant state of the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded, adjusting the output voltage amplitude of the function signal generator to control the voltage and the current of the electromagnetic vibration exciter so as to change the output power of the electromagnetic vibration exciter; meanwhile, monitoring the vibration acceleration of the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded by using a vibration meter, and finding out the vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded; the amplitude and the frequency of the electromagnetic vibration exciter are regulated and controlled through the output voltage of the function signal generator, so that the automatic control is easy to carry out, and the cost is reduced.
The vibration acceleration is in direct proportion to the vibration amplitude in a high-frequency vibration range, and reflects the magnitude of the vibration intensity.
After the resonance frequency and the resonance acceleration are determined, the vibration states of the welding working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece to be welded are kept, meanwhile, the robot is started to control a synchronization device of laser welding to carry out laser welding, and the laser welding technological parameters are as follows: the fiber laser power is 3500W, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is-15 mm, the spot diameter is 0.3mm, the flow of the protective gas is 20L/min, and the angle of the welding gun is 90 degrees.
In the resonance laser welding process, the current of an exciting coil of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is 0-2.85A.
And after laser welding is finished for 30s, closing the robot control system and the high-frequency vibration table to obtain the aluminum alloy workpiece with good welding joint forming, refined structure grains, reduced pores and improved welding joint mechanical property.
In order to highlight the improvement effect of high-frequency vibration on aluminum alloy laser welding, different resonance frequencies of 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz and 1173Hz are selected and considered in groups, and the contents are as follows:
according to the process steps, on the premise that other process steps and process parameters are consistent, vibration-assisted laser welding of the aluminum alloy workpiece is performed in groups by applying different resonance frequencies of 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz and 1173Hz, and welding head pore morphology, welding seam texture morphology and welding head fiber hardness distribution of the obtained aluminum alloy welding part under the condition of different resonance frequencies are tested, and the results are shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4.
From the shape and distribution diagram of the section air holes of the aluminum alloy welding joint in fig. 2, it can be obviously seen that along with the increase of the vibration frequency, the air holes in the aluminum alloy welding joint are gradually reduced, and the volume of the air holes in the aluminum alloy welding joint is also reduced.
As is apparent from the microstructure and morphology diagram of the aluminum alloy welding seam in FIG. 3, the crystal grains of the aluminum alloy welding seam are obviously refined along with the increase of the vibration frequency, and the crystal grains of the molten pool are smaller as the external vibration frequency is higher.
As is apparent from the micro-hardness distribution curve diagram of the aluminum alloy welded joint in FIG. 4, the micro-hardness of the weld zone is remarkably increased along with the increase of the resonance frequency, and the micro-hardness value is increased from 25.2HV without external vibration to 29.3HV with the external vibration frequency of 1173Hz, and is averagely increased by about 16.3 percent.
According to the test result, high-frequency vibration is assisted in the laser welding process of the aluminum alloy, weld structure grains can be refined, weld structure air holes are reduced, the mechanical property of a welding joint is improved, the reliability of an aluminum alloy welding piece is improved, various use requirements of the aluminum alloy welding piece are met, and the industrial application of the aluminum alloy welding piece is improved.
The above description is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiment. Equivalents and modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for laser welding of aluminum alloy by high-frequency vibration assistance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the pretreated aluminum alloy workpiece is rigidly fixed on a working platform provided with an electromagnetic vibration exciter, and laser welding is carried out in a protective gas environment under the action of the electromagnetic vibration exciter and at a resonance frequency and a vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece;
the laser welding parameters are as follows: the laser power of the optical fiber laser is 3500W, the welding speed is 1.2m/min, the defocusing amount is-15 mm, the diameter of a light spot is 0.3mm, the flow of protective gas is 20L/min, and the angle of a welding gun is 90 degrees; the mechanical vibration of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is transmitted to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece along the direction which forms an included angle of 0-90 degrees with the working platform and/or the aluminum alloy weldment; the resonance frequency is 505 Hz-1173 Hz;
the current of an exciting coil of the electromagnetic vibration exciter is 0-2.85A;
the method for generating the resonance state suitable for the resonance frequency and the vibration acceleration of the aluminum alloy workpiece comprises the following steps: generating a control signal using a function signal generator and a power amplifier; the electromagnetic vibration exciter generates mechanical vibration according to the control signal, transmits the mechanical vibration to the working platform and the aluminum alloy workpiece, and determines the vibration frequency range required by the aluminum alloy workpiece; sweeping frequency in a vibration frequency range by using a function signal generator to find out the resonance frequency of the aluminum alloy workpiece, the working platform and the electromagnetic vibration exciter; meanwhile, a vibration meter is used for monitoring the vibration acceleration of the aluminum alloy workpiece, so that the vibration acceleration suitable for the aluminum alloy workpiece is found, and a resonance state under the action of an electromagnetic vibration exciter is generated; the vibration frequency range is 0 Hz-1455 Hz, and the resonance frequency is 505 Hz-1173 Hz.
2. The method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment method of the aluminum alloy workpiece is as follows: and sequentially polishing and cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece, and cleaning the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece by using acetone after removing an oxide layer and stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece by polishing.
3. The method for laser welding aluminum alloy with high frequency vibration assistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shielding gas is argon, nitrogen or a mixture of argon and nitrogen.
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| CN110681947A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 | Method for real-time resonance assisted CMT arc additive high-nitrogen steel |
| CN113263259A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-17 | 上海工程技术大学 | Micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel |
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| KR20090064684A (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-22 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Aluminum wheel |
| CN101450422B (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2011-05-04 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding method of film aluminum product |
| CN103170753A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-06-26 | 鞍山煜宸科技有限公司 | Arc paraxial welding device and method of laser consumable electrode additionally provided with high-frequency magnetic field |
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