CN108515266A - A kind of method of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy - Google Patents
A kind of method of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108515266A CN108515266A CN201810330458.1A CN201810330458A CN108515266A CN 108515266 A CN108515266 A CN 108515266A CN 201810330458 A CN201810330458 A CN 201810330458A CN 108515266 A CN108515266 A CN 108515266A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to materials processing engineering fields, are related to a kind of method of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy, include the following steps：Pretreated Al alloy parts are rigidly fixed on the workbench for being equipped with electromagnetic actuator, and under electromagnetic exciter effect, when in the resonant frequency and vibration acceleration for being suitble to Al alloy parts, laser welding is carried out in protective gas environment.This method is acted on, crystal grain thinning improves the mechanical property of welding point by introducing high-frequency vibration auxiliary process in laser welding of aluminum alloy by the mechanical oscillation that high-frequency vibration generates；The temperature gradient of weld seam peripheral region in welding process is reduced, liquid metal flows in molten bath are conducive to, stomata is reduced and generates, and be easily achieved and automatically control, is efficient, is easy to operation, there is ideal engineer application meaning.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to materials processing engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of side of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy
Method.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is due to its low-density, and near or above the high intensity of high-quality steel, plasticity is good, excellent electric conductivity, heat conduction
Property and corrosion stability, aerospace, automobile, bullet train and ship etc. industry manufacture in widely applied, be in industry
Widely used Industrial Metal structural material.
Laser Welding is to develop the seventies in last century, and in the eighties by the extensive concern of American-European countries, it is
A kind of high energy beam welding method welded with high power density laser Shu Zuowei heat sources.Laser Welding is compared with traditional welding method
With that energy density is high, speed of welding is fast, welding heat affected zone is small, depth-to-width ratio is big, weld grain is tiny, joint quality is high etc. is excellent
Point, is widely used in engineering.
Vibration Welding is to apply periodic external force to weldment during normal welding, makes weldment with shaking with weldering, reaches
It reduces welding residual stress, improve the purpose of welding joint shaping, optimization joint microstructure, crystal grain thinning, and then improve and connect
A kind of welding method of head performance.
Laser welding advantage is distinct, but certain weld porosity, welding remnants are still remained during Welded
The defects of stress, fire check and welding deformation.Again since laser welding head tissue is mostly to join raw columnar dendrite, two side shoot of molten bath
For crystalline substance when molten bath center is met, binding performance is relatively low；In addition there are anisotropy for column crystal performance itself, and weld seam is caused to integrate
Mechanical degradation.Therefore, the laser welding technology of aluminium alloy becomes one of the research hotspot of materials processing engineering field.
Drawbacks described above based on Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys forms following patent：
1. a kind of aluminium alloy laser welding method (106181031 A of patent publication No. CN) by laser welding head with
Cyclonic vacuum cover is set between base material to be welded and forms parital vacuum environment, solves aluminium alloy laser alloy from fusion welding process
Elements vaporization scaling loss, strength of welded joint substantially reduce the technical solution of problem.
2. a kind of aluminium alloy laser oscillating welding technique (107442935 A of patent publication No. CN) is by using pendulum
Dynamic laser beam advances along the axis for being parallel to welding direction, swings laser beam and is moved back and forth in the both sides of the axis, it is bent to form one
The method of the motion path of folding solves the metallurgical stomata and laser that are formed by hydrogen and alloying element steam in laser beam welding
The technical solution for the problems such as unstable cave in of aperture and the air vent of craft that is formed severely exceed.
3. a kind of laser-arc hybrid welding in industry method (patent publication No. CN reducing Welded stomata
106475684 A) by selecting strand welding wire to replace common aluminium alloy welding wire, using laser-electric arc composite heat source, aluminium is closed
Gold is welded, and can be effectively reduced and be connect stomata, and the technical solution of weld defect is reduced.
4. a kind of suppressing method of aluminium alloy Laser Deep Penetration Welding stomata (106825912 A of patent publication No. CN) passes through
In the preset metal niobium foil identical with sectional dimension size to be welded of base material interface to be welded or niobium layer, increases bath temperature, improves
Molten bath mobility improves laser beam welding stability, effectively solves the stomata problem during aluminium alloy Laser Deep Penetration Welding
Technical solution.
The present invention is based on the drawbacks described above of Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys, provide a kind of new aluminium alloy laser welding method, should
Method is made by introducing high-frequency vibration auxiliary process in laser welding of aluminum alloy by the mechanical oscillation that high-frequency vibration generates
With, hence it is evident that stomata is reduced, crystal grain thinning reduces weld residual stress, and Optimize the forming scheme improves the mechanical property of weldment.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is in view of the drawbacks of the prior art, provide a kind of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy
Method, this method reduce the temperature gradient of welding pool, promote liquid metal flows in molten bath, and then reduce stomata, refinement weldering
Seam crystal particle reduces welding residual stress, improves the mechanical property of welding point.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：A kind of side of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy
Method includes the following steps：Pretreated Al alloy parts are rigidly fixed on the workbench for being equipped with electromagnetic actuator,
Under electromagnetic exciter effect, when in the resonant frequency and vibration acceleration for being suitble to Al alloy parts, in protective gas environment
Carry out laser welding.Specifically, under electromagnetic exciter effect, Al alloy parts, workbench and electromagnetic exciter are determined
The resonance acceleration of resonant frequency and suitable Al alloy parts, and keep resonance state.
The parameter of the laser welding is：Optical fiber laser, laser power 3500W, speed of welding 1.2m/min, defocusing amount
For -15mm, spot diameter 0.3mm, shield gas flow rate 20L/min, angle of welding gun is 90 °.Make in the laser weld parameters
It is Laser Deep Penetration Welding with the lower laser welding carried out.
The mechanical oscillation edge of the electromagnetic actuator and workbench and/or Al alloy parts are in 0 °~90 ° angle sides
It is passed up to workbench and Al alloy parts.Preferably, the mechanical oscillation edge of the electromagnetic actuator and work
Make platform and aluminium alloy weldment and is passed up to workbench and Al alloy parts in 90 ° of angle sides.Electromagnetic actuator
Mechanical oscillation are transferred to the direction adjustability of workbench and Al alloy parts, and more plane sides can be formed on Al alloy parts
Three-dimensional vibration to, multi-angle direction, to meet requirement of the different aluminum alloys workpiece to applied vibration.
The excitation coil electric current of the electromagnetic actuator is 0~2.85A.
Under the electromagnetic exciter effect, generation is suitble to the method for the resonant frequency and vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts
For：Control signal is generated using function signal generator and power amplifier；Electromagnetic actuator is according to control signal generator
Tool vibrates, and the mechanical oscillation are transferred to workbench and Al alloy parts, determines the vibration frequency needed for Al alloy parts
Range；Frequency sweep is carried out in vibration frequency range using function signal generator, finds Al alloy parts, workbench and electromagnetism
The resonant frequency of formula vibrator；Meanwhile the vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts is monitored using vialog, find suitable aluminium alloy work
The vibration acceleration of part generates the resonance state under electromagnetic exciter effect.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, pretreated Al alloy parts be rigidly fixed in be equipped with electromagnetism swash
It shakes on the workbench of device；Control signal is generated using function signal generator and power amplifier；Electromagnetic actuator according to
The vibration of signal generator tool is controlled, and mechanical oscillation edge is transferred to work perpendicular to the direction of workbench and Al alloy parts
Make platform and Al alloy parts, determines the vibration frequency range needed for Al alloy parts；It is being vibrated using function signal generator
Frequency sweep is carried out in frequency range, finds the resonant frequency of Al alloy parts, electromagnetic exciter and workbench；Meanwhile using survey
Vibration Meter monitors the vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts, finds the vibration acceleration of suitable Al alloy parts；Determining resonant frequency
After vibration acceleration, the resonance state of Al alloy parts, electromagnetic exciter and workbench is kept, it is right in protective gas environment
Al alloy parts carry out laser welding；
The laser weld parameters are：Optical fiber laser, laser power 3500W, speed of welding 1.2m/min, defocusing amount
For -15mm, spot diameter 0.3mm, shield gas flow rate 20L/min, angle of welding gun is 90 °.
The parameter of the electromagnetic exciter is：It is 0~2.85A to encourage coil current.
The vibration frequency range be 0Hz~1455Hz, preferably 100Hz~1455Hz, more preferably 500Hz~
1200Hz。
The resonant frequency be 505Hz~1173Hz, preferably 923Hz~1173Hz, more preferably 505Hz, 923Hz or
Person 1173Hz is 1173Hz as preferred version of the present invention.
The preprocess method of the Al alloy parts is：Carry out polishing and cleaning treatment successively to Al alloy parts surface,
It polishes after removing Al alloy parts surface oxide layer and spot, then cleaned with acetone, natural air drying ensures aluminium alloy surface to be welded
It is bright, smooth.
The protective gas has the gaseous mixture of argon gas, nitrogen or argon gas and nitrogen, preferably argon gas.
High-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy method of the present invention can substantially reduce the bubble in welded joints in aluminium alloy
Or stomata.
Referring now to the prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1. the present invention uses electromagnetism by the high-frequency vibration of the introducing electromagnetic actuator in laser welding of aluminum alloy
Formula vibrator substitutes the centrifugal mechanical vibration exciter industrially generally used, while improving vibration frequency, reduces vibration width
Degree；Under the high-frequency vibration effect of electromagnetic actuator, agitation molten pool enhances liquid metal flow in molten bath, reduces molten bath
Temperature gradient reduces stomata and generates, reduces pore volume, is additionally favorable for stomata in molten bath and floats, during solution Welded
The influence of stomata welding quality；It can be also effectively crushed molten bath columnar dendrite, and the decrease of bath temperature gradient, further hindered
The generation for hindering the coarse grains such as columnar dendrite, to refine seam organization crystal grain；Welding residual stress can also be reduced；Finally carry
The mechanical property of high-aluminium alloy welding point.
2. the vibration frequency for the electromagnetic actuator that the present invention uses may be up to kHz, with centrifugal mechanical vibration exciter one
As compared in the maximum vibration frequency of 60Hz~100Hz, it is possible to provide vibration bandwidth, maximum frequency of oscillation are big, vibration frequency connects
Continue adjustable high-frequency vibration.For different aluminum alloys welding workpiece, electromagnetic actuator can provide different vibration frequencies, may be used also
By adjusting itself s mechanical vibration direction of transfer, more in-planes are formed on Al alloy parts, the solid in multi-angle direction is shaken
It is dynamic, further meet the needs of different aluminum alloys workpiece is to crystal grain thinning, reduction stomata, reduction residual stress.
3. the method for the present invention is also easy to automation control, easy to operation and efficient, there is extensive future in engineering applications.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high-frequency vibration assistant laser welding device schematic diagram that the present invention is used for aluminium alloy.In figure, 1- welding jobs
Platform, 2- electromagnetic actuators, 3- fixtures, 4- Al alloy parts to be welded, 5- gas passages, 6- laser welding components, 7- laser
Beam, 8- controllers.
Fig. 2 is the gained welded joints in aluminium alloy section stomata under 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz, 1173Hz resonant frequency respectively
Pattern and distribution map, (a) are gained welded joints in aluminium alloy section stomata pattern and distribution map under 0Hz resonant frequencies, are (b)
Gained welded joints in aluminium alloy section stomata pattern and distribution map, are (c) institute under 923Hz resonant frequencies under 505Hz resonant frequencies
Welded joints in aluminium alloy section stomata pattern and distribution map are obtained, is (d) gained welded joints in aluminium alloy under 1173Hz resonant frequencies
Section stomata pattern and distribution map, the white dot in (a), (b), (c), (d) pointed by arrow are stomata.
Fig. 3 is gained welded seam of aluminium alloy microstructure morphology under the conditions of 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz, 1173Hz respectively,
(a) it is gained aluminum alloy welding soldered microstructure morphology under 0Hz resonant frequencies, is (b) gained aluminium under 505Hz resonant frequencies
Alloy soldered microstructure morphology (c) is gained aluminum alloy welding seam microstructure morphology under 923Hz resonant frequencies,
(d) it is gained aluminum alloy welding seam microstructure morphology under 1173Hz resonant frequencies.
Fig. 4 is gained welded joints in aluminium alloy microhardness distribution curve under the conditions of 0Hz, 505Hz, 1173Hz respectively
Figure, Al 1 are gained welded joints in aluminium alloy microhardness distribution curve graph under 0Hz resonant frequencies, are Fig. 4 lowermost positions
Curve；Al 2 is gained welded joints in aluminium alloy microhardness distribution curve graph under 505Hz resonant frequencies, is the centre positions Fig. 4
Curve；Al 4 is gained welded joints in aluminium alloy microhardness distribution curve graph under 1173Hz resonant frequencies, is the tops Fig. 4
The curve of position.
Specific implementation mode
In order to which so that the present invention is realized technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect are apparent to, with reference to tool
Body case study on implementation and attached drawing, the present invention is further explained.
High-frequency vibration assistant laser welding device for aluminium alloy as shown in Figure 1, including what is be horizontally arranged are suitable for height
The welding job platform 1 of frequency vibration, welding job platform 1 is for placing Al alloy parts 4 to be welded；Pacify on welding job platform 1
Equipped with electromagnetic actuator 2, fixture 3 and controller 8, electromagnetic actuator 2 is fixed on the lower section of welding job platform 1 vertically,
And it is located at welding job Platform center position；Fixture 3 is for fixing Al alloy parts to be welded；Controller 8 is sent out including function signal
Raw device, power amplifier and vialog etc.；Laser welding component 6, laser welding group are installed in the top of welding job platform 1
Part 6 includes the gas passage 5 for conveying inert protective gas and the laser beam 7 for carrying out Laser Welding to weldment.
The mechanical oscillation that electromagnetic actuator 2 generates are transferred to vertically on welding job platform 1 and Al alloy parts 4, i.e.,
The mechanical oscillation that electromagnetic actuator 2 generates are along the direction with welding job platform 1 and Al alloy parts 4 in 90 ° of angles
It is transferred to welding job platform 1 and Al alloy parts 4, is being formed in the plane of workbench 1 and Al alloy parts 4
Reciprocal exciting force down.
IPG YLS- are used to the aluminium alloy plate of 200 (length) × 150 (width) × 5 (thickness) mm on welding job platform 1
5000 high-capacity optical fiber lasers carry out the laser of high-frequency vibration auxiliary from melting welding, and processing step is specially：
The aluminium alloy plate of backing plate and 5mm to be welded thickness is rigidly secured to the centre of workbench using fixture 3, backing plate and
It is erected and is separated with bloom between aluminium sheet, connected to prevent aluminium alloy plate and welding with backing.To the surface of aluminium alloy plate with 100# coarse sandpapers into
Row polishing, removes surface oxide layer and spot, and molten bath occurs being mingled with and stomata when preventing welding, is finally cleaned with acetone, from
So air-dry.
Start high-frequency vibration frequency platform, control signal is generated using function signal generator and power amplifier；Electromagnetic type swashs
Shake device according to control signal adjust itself exciting force generate mechanical oscillation, and by mechanical oscillation be transferred to welding job platform with
Al alloy parts substantially determine the vibration frequency range needed for Al alloy parts to be welded；It is shaken at this using function signal generator
Frequency sweep is carried out within the scope of dynamic frequency, finds the resonant frequency of Al alloy parts to be welded, welding job platform and electromagnetic actuator；
After determining resonant frequency, under the resonance state of Al alloy parts to be welded, the output of Tuning function signal generator
Voltage magnitude controls the voltage and current of electromagnetic actuator, to change the output power of electromagnetic actuator；Meanwhile using survey
Vibration Meter is monitored the vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts to be welded, finds the vibration acceleration of suitable Al alloy parts to be welded；
The amplitude and frequency for regulating and controlling electromagnetic actuator by the output voltage of function signal generator are easy to carry out automation control,
Reduce cost.
Vibration acceleration is directly proportional to Oscillation Amplitude within the scope of high-frequency vibration, reflects the size of oscillation intensity.
After determining resonant frequency and resonance acceleration, the vibration shape of welding job platform and Al alloy parts to be welded is kept
State, while the synchronizing device for starting robot control laser welding carries out laser welding, laser welding process parameter is：Optical fiber swashs
Luminous power is 3500W, speed of welding 1.2m/min, and defocusing amount is -15mm, spot diameter 0.3mm, and shield gas flow rate is
20L/min, angle of welding gun are 90 °.
It resonates in laser beam welding, the excitation coil electric current of electromagnetic actuator is 0~2.85A.
After completion 30s to be laser welded, closing machine people control system and high-frequency vibration frequency platform obtain welding joint shaping
Preferably, crystal grain refinement, the Al alloy parts that stomata is reduced, welding joint mechanical property improves are organized.
The improvement of Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys is acted on for prominent high-frequency vibration, selection different resonant frequencies 0Hz, 505Hz,
923Hz, 1173Hz, grouping are investigated, and content is as follows：
It is different total by applying under the premise of other processing steps are consistent with technological parameter according to previous process steps
Vibration frequency 0Hz, 505Hz, 923Hz, 1173Hz, grouping carry out the vibration auxiliary laser welding of Al alloy parts, and altogether to difference
Gained aluminum alloy welding fitting carries out plumb joint stomata pattern, seam organization pattern and plumb joint fiber stiffness point under the conditions of vibration frequency
Cloth is tested, as a result as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
By Fig. 2 welded joints in aluminium alloy section stomata pattern and distribution map, it will be evident that with the increasing of vibration frequency
Add, the stomata in welded joints in aluminium alloy gradually decreases, and the pore volume in welded joints in aluminium alloy also reduces therewith.
By Fig. 3 welded seam of aluminium alloy microstructure morphology it will be evident that with vibration frequency increase, Welded
The crystal grain of seam obviously refines, and additional vibration frequency is higher, and the crystal grain in molten bath is more tiny.
By Fig. 4 welded joints in aluminium alloy microhardness distribution curve graphs it will be evident that with resonant frequency increase, weldering
The microhardness in seam area significantly rises, and 25.2HV when microhardness value is by no applied vibration is increased to applied vibration frequency and is
29.3HV when 1173Hz, it is average to improve about 16.3%.
By upper test result it is found that being aided with high-frequency vibration during Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys, seam organization crystalline substance can be refined
Grain reduces seam organization stomata, improves the mechanical property of welding point, improves the reliability of aluminum alloy welding fitting, meets aluminium conjunction
The various requirements of gold solder fitting promote the commercial Application of aluminum alloy welding fitting.
The above is preferred embodiments of the invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosure of that.It is every
The equivalent or modification completed under principles of this disclosure is not departed from, the scope of the present invention is both fallen within.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that include the following steps：It is pretreated
Al alloy parts are rigidly fixed on the workbench for being equipped with electromagnetic actuator, under electromagnetic exciter effect, in suitable
When closing the resonant frequency and vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts, laser welding is carried out in protective gas environment.
2. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser
The parameter of welding is：Optical fiber laser, laser power 3500W, speed of welding 1.2m/min, defocusing amount are -15mm, spot diameter
0.3mm, shield gas flow rate 20L/min, angle of welding gun are 90 °.
3. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetism
The mechanical oscillation of formula vibrator are flat along work is passed up in 0 °~90 ° angle sides with workbench and/or aluminium alloy weldment
Platform and Al alloy parts.
4. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electromagnetism
The excitation coil electric current of formula vibrator is 0~2.85A.
5. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that generate and be suitble to
The method of the resonant frequency of Al alloy parts and the resonance state of vibration acceleration is：It is put using function signal generator and power
Big device generates control signal；The mechanical oscillation are transferred to work by electromagnetic actuator according to control signal generator tool vibration
Make platform and Al alloy parts, determines the vibration frequency range needed for Al alloy parts；It is being vibrated using function signal generator
Frequency sweep is carried out in frequency range, finds the resonant frequency of Al alloy parts, workbench and electromagnetic actuator；Meanwhile it using
Vialog monitors the vibration acceleration of Al alloy parts, finds the vibration acceleration of suitable Al alloy parts, generates electromagnetic exciting
Resonance state under device effect.
6. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the vibration
Frequency range is 0Hz~1455Hz.
7. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that described
Resonant frequency is 505Hz~1173Hz.
8. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the aluminium closes
The preprocess method of metal working part is：Carry out polishing and cleaning treatment, polishing removal aluminium alloy work successively to Al alloy parts surface
After part surface oxide layer and spot, then cleaned with acetone.
9. the method for high-frequency vibration auxiliary laser welding aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the protection
Gas has the gaseous mixture of argon gas, nitrogen or argon gas and nitrogen.
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| CN201810330458.1A CN108515266B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | Method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy |
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| CN201810330458.1A CN108515266B (en) | 2018-04-13 | 2018-04-13 | Method for high-frequency vibration-assisted laser welding of aluminum alloy |
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| CN113263259A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-17 | 上海工程技术大学 | Micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel |
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| CN108515266B (en) | 2020-05-29 |
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