CN113263259A - Micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel - Google Patents
Micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009161 Espostoa lanata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001624 Espostoa lanata Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical group [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated layer hot forming steel, which can obtain well-formed aluminum-silicon plated layer hot forming steel laser lap welding seams by adopting a laser welding process and assisting micro-vibration in the welding process; according to the invention, by controlling the laser process parameters and applying a mechanical vibration external field on the basis, the aggregation degree of an aluminum coating dissolved in a welding line is effectively reduced by adjusting the vibration parameters, the welding line structure is optimized, and the welding defects are reduced, so that a high-quality lap joint welding head is obtained, and the method is suitable for welding aluminum silicon plated hot formed steel for automobiles; compared with the traditional laser lapping method, the method does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot formed steel, simplifies the lapping welding process flow, improves the production efficiency, relieves the aggregation degree of the aluminum coating in a welding line due to the application of mechanical vibration, refines crystal grains and reduces the residual stress of a joint, thereby improving the strength of a lapping welding head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and particularly relates to a micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel.
Background
With the increasing shortage of energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution problems, the automobile industry is facing increasingly serious challenges, the light weight of automobile manufacture is an important direction for the development of the automobile industry, and the purposes of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved by reducing the weight of the automobile. The light weight of the automobile means that the self weight of the automobile is reduced as much as possible by optimizing the structure and the materials on the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety performance of the automobile, the dynamic property of the automobile is improved, the fuel consumption is reduced, and the pollution is reduced. Although some light materials, such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, composite material and carbon fiber material, can also reduce the overall vehicle mass and reduce the fuel consumption, the forming performance, hardness, welding performance, etc. are not comparable to those of steel materials, so high-strength and ultrahigh-strength steel plates are receiving attention from automobile manufacturers.
The hot formed steel is one kind of ultrahigh strength automobile steel widely used in automobile industry, and is produced through heating special high strength boron alloy steel to austenize, punching and forming in a mold with cooling system and fast cooling to convert austenite into martensite. To prevent the hot formed steel from being oxidized during the hot stamping process, an aluminum-silicon coating is usually applied to the surface of the steel sheet. However, in the subsequent welding process, since aluminum in the plating layer enters the weld, it is segregated to form bulk ferrite even in the fusion zone and the like, resulting in deterioration of the strength and plastic toughness of the weld. In order to weld aluminum-silicon-plated hot-formed high-strength steel, a coating is usually removed by technologies such as laser cleaning, mechanical polishing and shot blasting at present, and then welding is carried out. Therefore, the cleaning process increases the equipment investment, and the cleaning speed is low, so that the production efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is increased; meanwhile, the dust generated after removal needs to be collected and treated, and the production auxiliary cost is increased.
At present, the welding of al-si plated hot formed steels has been mainly focused on the research of welding (tailor welding) process and method of al-si plated hot formed steel butt joints, such as those disclosed in patent nos. CN104023899A and CN106392328A, however, in the actual manufacturing process, it is not uncommon to use hot formed steels after lap-jointing. From the existing data, the research on the lap welding process and method of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is less, and from the limited data, the welding is mainly carried out by adopting the methods of pure laser welding, resistance spot welding and the like. Resistance spot welding does not allow closed type welding and the quality of the joint lacks a suitable non-destructive testing method. Although pure laser can perform high-efficiency welding, the quality of the joint is reduced because the aluminum coating enters into the welding seam, for example, the strength of a C Kim pure laser lap welding joint in Korea is 335MPa and is 22% of the strength of a base material (C.Kim, M.J.Kang, Y.D.park.laser welding of Al-Si coated hot standing steel. procedia Engineering,2011,10:2226 + 2231), the aluminum-silicon group of the Huaming Ming of Shanghai traffic university reports that the tensile strength of the joint of the pure laser lap welding coating hot formed steel is about 375MPa and is 25% of the base material (Zhang Sai, research on the influence of the coating on the high-strength steel optical fiber laser welding process and the performance of the joint, 2015 of Shanghai traffic university). Therefore, a welding process and a method for improving the lap weld performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed steel are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel. Namely, the welding seam of the laser lap welding of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel with good forming and excellent performance can be obtained by assisting the micro vibration in the laser welding process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:
a micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel comprises the following steps:
clamping the sample of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel on a laser platform provided with micro-vibration equipment, and carrying out laser lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel through a laser process and auxiliary micro-vibration.
Furthermore, the micro-vibration equipment is a micro-vibration control platform which is independently researched and developed, the vibration frequency is 500-2000Hz, and the amplitude is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Furthermore, the length of the lap welding is 5-10mm, and the gap of the lap welding is 0-0.5 mm.
Furthermore, the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 0.5-3mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 20-40 mu m.
Further, the incidence angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees, the power of the laser is 1.5-3.5kW, and the welding speed is 1-3 m/min.
Furthermore, in the laser welding process, the molten pool is protected by argon, and the gas flow is 10-25L/min.
Furthermore, before lapping, the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is pretreated by adopting a solvent.
Further, the solvent may be an organic solvent selected from one or more of acetone or ethanol.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention adopts the auxiliary micro-vibration platform to apply vibration to the weldment, applies a mechanical vibration external field on the basis, effectively reduces the aggregation degree of an aluminum-silicon coating dissolved in a welding line by adjusting vibration parameters, optimizes the welding line structure and reduces welding defects, thereby controlling the welding line structure, obtaining a high-quality lap joint and being also suitable for welding aluminum-silicon-plated hot formed steel for automobiles.
Secondly, compared with the traditional laser lapping method, the invention does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot formed steel, simplifies the lapping welding process flow, improves the production efficiency, simultaneously, effectively relieves the coating aggregation due to the action of micro-vibration in the welding process, simultaneously refines the welding seam crystal grains, reduces the residual stress, namely, the aggregation degree of the low-toughness low-plasticity phase delta-ferrite in the fusion area is weakened by the auxiliary micro-vibration mode in the solidification process in the laser welding, achieves the purpose of enhancing the welding seam quality, and further improves the mechanical property of the lapping joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding assembly of the Al-Si plated hot formed steel of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a laser lap welding assembly in the prior art.
Reference numerals: 1-vibration controller, 2-laser beam, 3-argon gas, 4-clamp and 5-welding platform.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel.
The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel comprises the following steps:
and overlapping the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel, and assisting micro vibration in the laser welding process so as to realize effective connection of the welded joints of the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel overlapping. And (3) selecting a proper micro-vibration process, controlling the aggregation degree of the plating layer in the welding line through micro-vibration, particularly reducing the aggregation degree of the plating layer at a fusion line, and controlling the welding process, thereby obtaining the high-quality lap joint.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a sample of al-si coated hot formed steel is placed on a welding platform 5 and clamped by a clamp 4 to assist micro-vibration by a vibration controller 1, and lap welding is performed by using a laser beam 2 in a laser welding process under the protection of argon gas 3.
Wherein the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 0.5-3mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 20-40 mu m. The aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel needs to be pretreated before welding: dipping a cotton ball in organic solvents such as acetone or alcohol to wipe the front and back surfaces of the hot forming steel so as to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surfaces; and then quickly drying the wiped hot formed steel, and placing the hot formed steel at a drying position to be welded.
The length of the lap welding in the laser lap welding process can be 5-10mm, and is preferably 10 mm; the gap of the lap weld may be 0-0.5mm, preferably 0.1 mm. The vibration frequency of the micro-vibration equipment is selected to be 500-2000Hz, preferably 1300Hz, and the amplitude can be 0.1-0.3mm, preferably 0.1 mm; the incidence angle of the laser may be 85-90 °, preferably 85 °; the power of the laser can be 1.5-3.5kW, and is preferably 2 kW; the rate of welding may be 1-3m/min, preferably 1 m/min. In the laser wire feeding process, argon is used for protecting the molten pool, and the gas flow can be 10-25L/min, and is preferably 15L/min. During welding, a laser welding system is started, base metal is melted through laser, the crystallization condition is adjusted through a vibration method in the solidification process, and a welding line is formed after cooling.
In a word, the direct laser lap welding aluminum-silicon-plated hot forming steel has the advantages that aluminum is accumulated in a welding line, particularly at a fusion line due to the dissolution of the plated aluminum, the fracture position is at the fusion line after welding, and the strength of a lap joint is low. In order to obtain high strength joints, the conventional method is to remove the surface coating. However, the additional cleaning process increases equipment investment and is inefficient. Therefore, in order to weld the aluminum-silicon-plated hot formed steel in a one-stop manner, the present invention assists vibration based on the laser welding of fig. 2, and reduces the degree of aluminum deposition by breaking up crystal grains during solidification by a mechanical vibration method. Meanwhile, the crystal grains are refined, and the residual stress is reduced. Therefore, by controlling the laser welding and vibration process, a high-strength lap joint welding head can be obtained.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for the aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
assembling the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel subjected to pre-welding treatment according to the figure 1 to form a lap joint, and carrying out lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel by a laser wire feeding process through micro-vibration assistance. The length of the lap welding is 10mm, and the gap of the lap welding is 0.1 mm. In the micro-vibration process, the vibration frequency of the micro-vibration equipment is 1300Hz, and the amplitude is 0.1 mm. The incidence angle of the laser was 85 °. In the laser welding process, the welding process parameters are as follows: the power of the laser was 2kW and the welding rate was 1 m/min. When argon is used for protection, the flow of argon is 15L/min.
After welding, the whole welding line is observed to be well formed, no splash exists, and the welding line is a full penetration welding line. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into three parts, namely an inner heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a middle heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and an outer heat affected zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to a welding seam; the outer heat affected zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 750MPa, which is higher than the strength (about 450MPa) of the lap joint without vibration.
Example 2:
the micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for the aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
assembling the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel subjected to pre-welding treatment according to the figure 1 to form a lap joint, and carrying out lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot formed steel by a laser wire feeding process through micro-vibration assistance. The length of the lap welding is 5mm, and the gap of the lap welding is 0.1 mm. In the micro-vibration process, the vibration frequency of the micro-vibration equipment is 500Hz, and the amplitude is 0.1 mm. The incidence angle of the laser was 85 °. In the laser welding process, the welding process parameters are as follows: the power of the laser was 2kW and the welding rate was 1 m/min. When argon is used for protection, the flow of argon is 15L/min.
After welding, the whole welding line is observed to be well formed, no splash exists, and the welding line is a full penetration welding line. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a small amount of ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into three parts, namely an inner heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a middle heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and an outer heat affected zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to a welding seam; the outer heat affected zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 709MPa, which is higher than the strength of the lap joint without vibration (about 450MPa)
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method for aluminum-silicon plated hot formed steel is characterized in that: it includes:
clamping the sample of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel on a laser platform provided with micro-vibration equipment, and carrying out laser lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel through a laser process and auxiliary micro-vibration.
2. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vibration frequency of the micro-vibration equipment is 500-2000Hz, and the amplitude is 0.1-0.3 mm.
3. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the lap welding is 5-10mm, and the gap of the lap welding is 0-0.5 mm.
4. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 0.5-3mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel is 20-40 mu m.
5. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the incidence angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees, the power of the laser is 1.5-3.5kW, and the welding speed is 1-3 m/min.
6. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the laser welding process, argon is adopted to protect a molten pool, and the gas flow is 10-25L/min.
7. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and before the lap joint, pretreating the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel by adopting a solvent.
8. The micro-vibration assisted laser lap welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the solvent is selected from more than one of acetone or ethanol.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114346439A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-04-15 | 上海工程技术大学 | Method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel laser welding head |
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Application publication date: 20210817 |