CN107984085B - Laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN107984085B CN107984085B CN201711135921.9A CN201711135921A CN107984085B CN 107984085 B CN107984085 B CN 107984085B CN 201711135921 A CN201711135921 A CN 201711135921A CN 107984085 B CN107984085 B CN 107984085B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a laser-ultrasonic composite welding method and a device for dissimilar metals, which combine two high and new technologies of laser welding and ultrasonic consolidation: and overlapping the heterogeneous materials to be welded to form an overlap joint, and welding the parts to be welded by using laser welding to achieve the purpose of connection. And applying ultrasonic welding at the temperature of the welding joint which is 10-30% of the melting point of the upper layer base metal to achieve efficient connection of the joint. The invention discloses a laser-ultrasonic composite welding method and a device for dissimilar metals, which can not only overcome the problem that the traditional welding method forms a brittle joint in the welding of dissimilar materials, but also solve the problem that the joint strength is not high although the formation of a large amount of intermetallic compounds can be partially inhibited by singly adopting high-energy beam welding; but also overcomes the difficulty that the ultrasonic consolidation is only suitable for welding low-melting-point sheets and the like which are difficult to overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding of heterogeneous materials, and particularly relates to a laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for heterogeneous metals.
Background
The titanium alloy has the characteristics of high specific strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, but the popularization and application of the titanium alloy are restricted due to the relatively high price of the titanium alloy; the steel has the characteristics of good weldability, mechanical property, low cost and the like, is a metal material which is most widely applied, and can effectively take the advantages of two materials into consideration by replacing titanium alloy with part of steel. Therefore, the titanium alloy/steel dissimilar metal welding structure is favored and widely applied in the fields of aerospace, ocean engineering, biomedicine and the like. With the development and demand of industry, the strength requirement of the joint is higher and higher. The high-strength heterogeneous metal connection joint cannot fundamentally solve the problem of generation of brittle metals even in the method of doping alloy elements, and cannot realize high-strength connection even in laser welding. This is urgent for new breakthroughs in the welding technology of heterogeneous materials.
The ultrasonic energy has the effect of breaking up a continuous layer of brittle compound formed from the dissimilar metals. If the welding seam formed by laser welding is subjected to ultrasonic welding, the influence on the appearance of the welding seam formed by the component is small.
When the workpiece to be welded is subjected to ultrasonic consolidation independently, the effective sectional area of a welding joint is seriously weakened by the embedding of the ultrasonic probe in the welding process when the workpiece is large in thickness, high in heat resistance and high in specific strength, and the joint connection strength is reduced. Therefore, how to soften the workpiece becomes a key problem, so that ultrasonic consolidation is carried out along with welding in the laser welding process, which reduces consolidation energy consumption and increases effective connection sectional area.
Because the welding seam is softened after laser welding at a higher temperature, the ultrasonic consolidation along with welding only needs less pressure than that of common ultrasonic welding, and the roller type welding head can be used. The structure has good rigidity, and the pressure acts on the contact line of the whole bonding layer and the cylindrical roller, so that the originally small pressure is shared.
In the laser welding process, the temperature generated by the workpiece can influence ultrasonic welding, so the connection between the workpiece and the ultrasonic welding needs to be considered carefully, and the distance between the spot position of a laser spot and a rolling welding head needs to be controlled accurately in the welding-following ultrasonic consolidation process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the welding of heterogeneous metal materials, and provides a laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for heterogeneous metals, which can reduce the influence of a formed brittle compound on the strength of a joint and reduce the generation of joint pores. Utilize laser welding facula diameter little, local area energy density is high, advantages such as cooling speed is fast combine advantages such as ultrasonic welding pressure is little again, the frequency is high, the temperature is low, and the continuous intermetallic compound layer that the fracture formed when restricting intermetallic compound rapid growth realizes the effective connection of xenogenesis metal material, provides the breakthrough for high strength connection.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method for dissimilar metals comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment: polishing the interface of a workpiece to be welded to obtain metallic luster, and wiping with acetone to remove oil stains;
step two: riveting: spot welding, riveting and positioning the lap joint;
step three: clamping the tool clamp: conveying the assembled workpiece to be welded to a tool clamp for clamping;
step four: dissimilar metal ND: YAG pulse laser welding: adjusting welding technological parameters, and welding a position to be welded;
the parameters of the welding process are as follows: the laser welding current is 122A, the pulse width is 15ms, the frequency is 2HZ, the welding speed is 50mm/min, the defocusing amount is-1 mm, and the front side and the back side of the argon flow are 15L/min;
step five: ultrasonic consolidation of dissimilar metal welded joint: and under the condition that the temperature of the welding joint is 10-30% of the melting point of the upper base metal, the roller welding head is ultrasonically solidified along with welding during laser welding, the roller welding head rolls on the welded layer, pressure is applied to the roller welding head to press the roller welding head to the welded layer, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the roller welding head in the axial direction at the same time until the welding operation is finished.
A laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding device for dissimilar metals comprises a machine tool workbench 1, an ultrasonic consolidation device 2 and an ND (neutral density) device: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is characterized in that the ultrasonic consolidation device 2 comprises an ultrasonic generator 21, a transducer 22, an amplitude transformer 23 and an ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24, wherein the ultrasonic generator 21 is connected with the transducer 22, the transducer 22 is connected with the amplitude transformer 23, and the amplitude transformer 23 is connected with the ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24; the ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 comprises a laser 31, an optical fiber 32, an optical cavity 33 and a shielding gas nozzle 34, wherein the laser 31, the optical fiber 32, the optical cavity 33 and the shielding gas nozzle 34 are sequentially connected, a collimating lens 331, a collecting lens 332 and a protective lens 333 are arranged in the optical cavity 33, the collimating lens 331 is arranged above the collecting lens 332, the collecting lens 332 is arranged above the protective lens 333, and the protective lens 333 can prevent splash from damaging the collimating lens 331; the ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is arranged at a spot focusing position point above the machine tool workbench 1 to ensure that the defocusing amount of laser is within an adjustable range; the ND: YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is arranged in the front of ultrasonic consolidation device 2, and the position range of the welding electrode of ultrasonic consolidation device 3 is controllable, and ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 and the ultrasonic consolidation device 2 do not interfere with each other.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for the dissimilar metal, the laser lap welding is adopted, the cooling rate of a welding line is high, the phase change range of a heat affected zone is narrow, and a large amount of intermetallic compounds are inhibited from being generated; during ultrasonic welding, the roller welding head uniformly rolls over the laser welded layer, and the welding is uniform; the roller welding head has high rigidity, the contact stress is distributed on the whole contact line of the roller welding head and a welded layer, the formed weld joint part is not easily influenced, and the roller welding head is easy to apply ultrasonic vibration and welding pressure on the structure, so that the welding process parameters (ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic amplitude, welding pressure, welding speed and the like) are conveniently adjusted; the two high and new technologies of laser welding and ultrasonic consolidation are combined, the heterogeneous materials to be welded are overlapped to form an overlap joint, and the parts to be welded are welded by using the laser welding to achieve the purpose of connection. And applying ultrasonic welding at the temperature of the welding joint which is 10-30% of the melting point of the upper layer base metal to achieve efficient connection of the joint.
According to the laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method and device for the dissimilar metal, disclosed by the invention, alloy elements are not required to be added by adopting laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding, the brittleness reducing effect is obvious, and the performance of a joint is obviously improved; the ultrasonic consolidation pressure is small, the temperature is low, and pores generated in the welding process can be effectively inhibited; the process is simple, the implementation is easy, and the automatic production operation is easy to realize.
The invention discloses a laser-ultrasonic composite welding method and a device for dissimilar metals, which can not only overcome the problem that the traditional welding method forms a brittle joint in the welding of dissimilar materials, but also solve the problem that the joint strength is not high although the formation of a large amount of intermetallic compounds can be partially inhibited by singly adopting high-energy beam welding; but also overcomes the difficulty that the ultrasonic consolidation is only suitable for welding low-melting-point sheets and the like which are difficult to overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding of dissimilar metals according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a machine tool table; 2. an ultrasonic consolidation device; 21. an ultrasonic generator; 22. a transducer; 23. an amplitude transformer; 24. an ultrasonic roll welding electrode; 3. a YAG pulse laser welding device; 31. a laser; 32. an optical fiber; 33. an optical cavity; 331. a collimating lens; 332. a condenser lens; 333. protective glasses; 34. a shielding gas nozzle.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiment by using TC4 titanium alloy/304 stainless steel welding as an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method for dissimilar metals comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of
The test material selects 304 stainless steel and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy thin plate materials with the size of 100mm multiplied by 50mm multiplied by 0.5mm according to the NB/T47014-2011 industry standard, a 320# abrasive paper is used for polishing an oxide layer on the surface of a workpiece before welding, and acetone is used for removing oil stains 15mm near a lap joint.
Step two: riveting
The melting point of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is 1540-1650 ℃, the melting point of the 304 stainless steel is about 1400 ℃, and aiming at the difference of the melting points of the two materials, the density of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy is lower, and the absorptivity of the two materials to laser is higher, a lap joint welding mode with the titanium alloy on the upper part and the steel on the lower part is provided, the mode can effectively reduce the full stirring and mixing of the two materials at the interface, the mutual diffusion zone of the Ti and the Fe is controlled, the generation of intermetallic compounds is inhibited, and the strength of a welding seam is improved. And carrying out spot welding on the head, the tail and the middle positions of the lap joint by adopting laser welding.
Step three: work fixture clamping
The assembled workpieces are pre-tightened by the tool clamp in the welding process, so that the wave deformation of the sheet workpieces can be effectively controlled, and the welding defocusing value is ensured.
Step four: titanium alloy/304 stainless steel ND: YAG pulse laser welding; adjusting welding technological parameters, and welding a position to be welded;
the tests used ND: YAG laser welding equipment, ND is 1.064 μm laser beam wavelength, narrow pulse laser beam can deposit energy beam in very small area, and aiming at the physical property and size of the material, the welding process parameters are as follows: the laser welding current is 122A, the pulse width is 15ms, the frequency is 2HZ, the welding speed is 50mm/min, the defocusing amount is-1 mm, the front side and the back side of the argon flow are 15L/min, and the welding is carried out on the position to be welded after the technological parameters are adjusted.
Step five: ultrasonic consolidation of titanium alloy/304 stainless steel welded joint:
(1) the sonotrode 24 is designed to roll over the weld just welded, the sonotrode 24 is divided into three sections (a middle section and two end sections), the middle section is in contact with the weld, and the length of the middle section is slightly greater than the weld. The ultrasonic wave is applied to the middle section to make the two opposite end sections ultrasonically vibrate in the axial direction of the ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24 (but the two end sections do not vibrate ultrasonically). The rolling direction is as parallel as possible to the welding direction. The length and diameter of the sonotrode 24 are required to be large enough relative to the workpiece dimensions to ensure that the sonotrode 24 maintains a line of contact where stiffness and pressure are distributed across the weld layer;
(2) the ultrasonic roll welding electrodes 24 at the two end sections of the ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24 are connected with a cylinder, the pressure of the cylinder can be adjusted, and the ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24 is lightly pressed on a welding layer by the pressure of the cylinder;
(3) the whole ultrasonic consolidation device 2 is connected with a main shaft of a machine tool workbench 1 through a connecting rod mechanism, so that the switching between a working position and an idle position is realized.
(4) The radial pressure, the ultrasonic vibration frequency and amplitude, and the rolling speed (i.e., the moving speed of the machine tool worktable) are adjusted during the welding process.
(5) And under the condition that the temperature of the welding joint is 10-30% of the melting point of the upper base metal, the roller welding head is ultrasonically solidified along with welding during laser welding, the roller welding head rolls on the welded layer, a small force is applied to the roller welding head to press the welded layer, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the roller welding head in the axial direction at the same time until the welding operation is finished.
Referring to the attached figure 1, the laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding device for the heterogeneous metal comprises a machine tool workbench 1, an ultrasonic consolidation device 2 and an ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is characterized in that the ultrasonic consolidation device 2 comprises an ultrasonic generator 21, a transducer 22, an amplitude transformer 23 and an ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24, wherein the ultrasonic generator 21 is connected with the transducer 22, the transducer 22 is connected with the amplitude transformer 23, and the amplitude transformer 23 is connected with the ultrasonic roll welding electrode 24; the ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 comprises a laser 31, an optical fiber 32, an optical cavity 33 and a shielding gas nozzle 34, wherein the laser 31, the optical fiber 32, the optical cavity 33 and the shielding gas nozzle 34 are sequentially connected, a collimating lens 331, a collecting lens 332 and a protective lens 333 are arranged in the optical cavity 33, the collimating lens 331 is arranged above the collecting lens 332, the collecting lens 332 is arranged above the protective lens 333, and the protective lens 333 can prevent splash from damaging the collimating lens 331; the ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is arranged at a spot focusing position point above the machine tool workbench 1 to ensure that the defocusing amount of laser is within an adjustable range; the ND: YAG pulse laser welding device 3 is arranged in the front of ultrasonic consolidation device 2, and the position range of the welding electrode of ultrasonic consolidation device 3 is controllable, and ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device 3 and the ultrasonic consolidation device 2 do not interfere with each other.
The above list is only one of the specific embodiments of the present invention. It will be clear that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many similar modifications are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A laser-ultrasonic hybrid welding method for dissimilar metals is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment: polishing the interface of a workpiece to be welded to obtain metallic luster, and wiping with acetone to remove oil stains;
step two: riveting: spot welding, riveting and positioning the lap joint;
step three: clamping the tool clamp: conveying the assembled workpiece to be welded to a tool clamp for clamping;
step four: dissimilar metal ND: YAG pulse laser welding: adjusting welding technological parameters, and welding a position to be welded;
the parameters of the welding process are as follows: the laser welding current is 122A, the pulse width is 15ms, the frequency is 2HZ, the welding speed is 50mm/min, the defocusing amount is-1 mm, and the front side and the back side of the argon flow are 15L/min;
step five: ultrasonic consolidation of dissimilar metal welded joint: and under the condition that the temperature of a welding joint is 10-30% of the melting point of the upper base metal, ultrasonic consolidation is carried out along with welding during laser welding, a roll welding electrode rolls on a welded layer, pressure is applied to the roll welding electrode and presses the roll welding electrode to the welded layer, and meanwhile ultrasonic vibration is applied in the axial direction of the roll welding electrode until the welding operation is finished.
2. A welding apparatus for use in a hybrid laser-ultrasonic welding method of dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein: including lathe workstation (1), ultrasonic wave consolidation device (2) and ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device (3), the ultrasonic consolidation device (2) comprises an ultrasonic generator (21), a transducer (22), an amplitude transformer (23) and a roll welding electrode (24), the ultrasonic generator (21) is connected with the transducer (22), the transducer (22) is connected with the amplitude transformer (23), and the amplitude transformer (23) is connected with the roll welding electrode (24); the ND: YAG pulse laser welding device (3) includes laser (31), optic fibre (32), optics chamber (33) and protection gas nozzle (34), laser (31), optic fibre (32), optics chamber (33) and protection gas nozzle (34) connect gradually, set up collimating lens (331), condensing lens (332) and protective glass (333) in optics chamber (33), collimating lens (331) set up condensing lens (332) top, condensing lens (332) set up protective glass (333) top, ND: YAG pulse laser welding device (3) is arranged at a spot focusing position point above the machine tool workbench (1), and ND: the YAG pulse laser welding device (3) is arranged in front of the ultrasonic consolidation device (2).
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| CN110000296B (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2024-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Laser cladding and ultrasonic vibration combined auxiliary rivet-free turning and riveting connection device and connection method |
| CN110170746B (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2020-10-27 | 辽宁工业大学 | Coaxial bifocal laser-TIG electric arc hybrid welding method |
| CN110478632B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-23 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Ultrasonic acupuncture device |
| CN110860795B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-03-26 | 大连理工大学 | Laser welding method combining welding-following ultrasound and chilling |
| CN111673272B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-03-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Swing laser-ultrasonic composite welding method |
| CN117226266B (en) * | 2023-11-16 | 2024-05-28 | 深圳市锦兴建设有限公司 | Automatic welding device for prefabricated reinforcement cage of building pile foundation |
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| US10639744B2 (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2020-05-05 | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Method of laser joining of dissimilar materials with ultrasonic aid |
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