CN113146050A - Laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials - Google Patents
Laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146050A CN113146050A CN202110434423.4A CN202110434423A CN113146050A CN 113146050 A CN113146050 A CN 113146050A CN 202110434423 A CN202110434423 A CN 202110434423A CN 113146050 A CN113146050 A CN 113146050A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials. The method comprises the steps of firstly grinding and cleaning the surfaces of two metals, then carrying out laser micro-texture processing on the surface of the metal A through a laser, wherein the texture is in a grid shape, and then positioning the metal A on the top of the metal B and enabling the texture to face the surface of the metal B. And then melting the metal B through laser welding to fill the gaps of the textures, and finally finishing the dissimilar metal welding piece. The laser beam is used for carrying out microtexture treatment on the surface to be welded, so that the dynamic pressure lubrication performance of the welding surface is improved, the bonding area between welding joints is increased, and the mechanical strength of the welding seam of the dissimilar metal and the maximum tensile shear load of the welding piece can be improved. The average tensile shear load of the dissimilar metal welding piece obtained by the method is 25% higher than that of an untreated test piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser processing, in particular to a laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials.
Background
In order to meet the development requirements of lightweight, high-performance and low-cost manufacturing of modern equipment, the application of the dissimilar alloy connection structure in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, ships, military, national defense and the like is continuously expanded. With the increasing application of dissimilar alloy connection structures, the efficient and high-quality connection problem of the dissimilar alloy connection structures is more and more valued by researchers. However, since aluminum and steel have great difference in thermophysical properties and poor metallurgical compatibility, it is difficult to achieve connection using a general fusion welding method. Although friction welding, explosion welding, diffusion welding, ultrasonic welding and other solid-state welding methods can realize the connection of dissimilar alloys, the method is limited by process limitations, the welding efficiency is low, the processing flexibility is poor, the size of a connecting piece is limited by heating equipment, the manufacture of large-size parts and workpieces with complex structures is difficult, and the application is limited to a certain extent.
The laser micro-texture processing obtains a pit texture surface with a certain shape by laser irradiation energy area and irradiation time, and the pit texture surface is widely applied with excellent antifriction and lubrication performance.
Compared with the traditional welding method, the laser welding method has the outstanding advantages of high energy density, low welding heat input, accurate control of the heating position and local heat input of the workpiece, narrow heat affected zone, attractive welding line, high production efficiency and the like. However, the dissimilar alloy welding in the joint is easy to form a brittle and hard intermetallic compound, the wettability of the liquid metal at the joint interface to the solid dissimilar metal is very poor, great troubles are brought to the welding seam forming and welding process, for example, the welding joint has large stress, welding cracks are easy to generate, and the like, and the effective contact area at the welding joint and the mechanical strength at the welding joint are seriously reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials. The method comprises the steps of firstly grinding and cleaning the surfaces of two metals, then carrying out laser micro-texture processing on the surface of the metal A through a laser, wherein the texture is in a grid shape, and then positioning the metal A on the top of the metal B and enabling the texture to face the surface of the metal B. And then melting the metal B through laser welding to fill the gaps of the textures, and finally finishing the dissimilar metal welding piece.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, polishing the surfaces of the metals A and B by using sand paper, and then cleaning the surfaces by using acetone to remove oil stains and fragments;
(2) selecting an area C with the specification of 40mm multiplied by 40mm on the surface of the metal A to carry out laser micro-texture processing, wherein the area C is arranged at the center of the metal A, and meanwhile, the area C is ensured to be completely positioned in the overlapping area of the metal A and the metal B when the metal A is attached to the metal B; processing the area C to obtain a required texture, and selecting the metal A with a higher melting point for surface microtexture treatment of the metal A and the metal B, wherein the laser processing parameters are that the pulse energy is 0.1-0.5 mJ, the pulse number is 3-5, the scanning speed is 300-400 mm/s, the texture of the surface of the metal A is in a grid shape, the depth of a net-shaped groove is 30 mu m, the width of the net-shaped groove is 40 mu m, and the net-shaped groove is separated by a fixed distance of 50 mu m;
(3) positioning the metal A on the top of the metal B, enabling a texture surface of the metal A to be in contact with the metal B, enabling the area C to completely fall into a superposed area of the metal A and the metal B, and enabling an actual contact surface to be an area D when an un-sunken area in the area C is attached to the metal B due to the fact that the area C can generate large-area depression in the micro-texture process, wherein the size of the area D is 3-10% of that of the area C;
(4) and performing laser welding on the overlapped area of the metal A and the metal B, so that the metal B which is melted into liquid in the overlapped area is filled in the gaps of the textures, wherein the parameters of the laser welding are as follows: the diameter of a light spot is 10-15 mm, and the energy density is 20-30 MW/m2And the duration is 2-5 s, and the dissimilar metal welding piece is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the laser beam is used for carrying out microtexture treatment on the surface to be welded, so that the dynamic pressure lubrication performance of the welding surface is improved, the bonding area between welding joints is increased, and the mechanical strength of the welding seam of the dissimilar metal and the maximum tensile shear load of the welding piece can be improved. The average tensile shear load of the dissimilar metal welding piece obtained by the method is 25% higher than that of an untreated test piece.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the examples or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a laser micro-weave pattern of a metal a surface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of laser welding of metal a and metal B.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing tensile shear loads of untreated and treated samples.
1. Laser beam 2, aluminum alloy 3, copper substrate 4, molten aluminum 5, low carbon steel
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be limited to the examples.
In the sample used in this example, the metal A was low-carbon steel, the metal B was aluminum alloy, the low-carbon steel and the aluminum alloy both had a length of 100mm and a width of 40mm, the low-carbon steel had a thickness of 0.85mm, and the aluminum alloy had a thickness of 1 mm.
An example of a sample processed using the above measurement method, comprising the steps of:
the first embodiment is as follows:
(1) firstly, polishing the surfaces of a low-carbon steel plate and an aluminum alloy plate by using sand paper, and then cleaning the surfaces by using acetone to remove oil stains and fragments;
(2) positioning a low-carbon steel plate on the top of an aluminum alloy plate;
(3) laser welding is carried out on the overlapping area of the low-carbon steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate, so that the aluminum alloy plate which is melted into liquid in the overlapping area is combined with the low-carbon steel plate, and the laser processing parameters are as follows: the diameter of a light spot is 13mm, and the energy density is 22.7MW/m2Duration of 3 s;
(4) finally finishing the dissimilar metal welding piece.
Example two:
(1) firstly, polishing the surfaces of a low-carbon steel plate and an aluminum alloy plate by using sand paper, and then cleaning the surfaces by using acetone to remove oil stains and fragments;
(2) and selecting an area C with the specification of 40mm multiplied by 40mm on the steel plate to carry out laser micro-texture processing, wherein the area C is in the central area of the metal A, and the area C completely falls into the overlapping area of the metal A and the metal B when the metal A is attached to the metal B. Processing the middle area to obtain a required texture, and selecting a low-carbon steel plate with a higher melting point for the low-carbon steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate to perform surface micro-texture treatment, wherein the laser micro-texture parameters are that the pulse energy is 0.3mJ, the pulse number is 5, the scanning speed is 350mm/s, the texture on the surface of the low-carbon steel plate is in a grid shape, the depth of a net-shaped groove is 30 mu m, the width of the net-shaped groove is 40 mu m, and the net-shaped groove and the aluminum alloy plate are separated by a fixed distance of 50 mu m;
(3) positioning a low-carbon steel plate on the top of the aluminum alloy plate, wherein the texture faces the surface of the aluminum plate, the relative contact area between the middle area of the low-carbon steel plate and the aluminum alloy plate is D, the area D is the part of the area C passing through the surface micro texture and the metal B, and because the area C can generate large-area depression in the process of the micro texture, the actual contact area is only 4% when the non-depressed area in the area C is attached to the metal B;
(4) and performing laser welding on the middle area of the low-carbon steel plate and the overlapped area of the aluminum alloy plate to fill the aluminum alloy plate melted into liquid in the gaps of the textures, wherein the parameters of the laser welding are that the diameter of a light spot is 13mm, and the energy density is 22.7MW/m2Duration of 3 s;
(5) finally finishing the dissimilar metal welding piece.
The results of the weld material obtained by texturing the surface of the steel sample by the above method are shown in fig. 3, as compared with the untreated sample.
The average tensile shear load measured for the untreated specimens was 4kN and the average tensile shear load for the treated specimens was 5kN, which increased the maximum tensile shear load by 25% compared to the untreated welds.
Claims (4)
1. A laser welding method of dissimilar metal materials is characterized in that: firstly, grinding and cleaning the surfaces of two metals, then carrying out laser micro-texture treatment on the surface of a metal A by a laser, wherein the texture is in a grid shape, then positioning the metal A on the top of the metal B and enabling the texture to face the surface of the metal B, then melting the metal B by laser welding to fill in gaps of the texture, and finally completing a dissimilar metal welding part, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) firstly, polishing the metals A and B by using sand paper, and then cleaning the surfaces of the metals A and B by using acetone to remove oil stains and fragments;
(2) selecting a region C on the surface of the metal A with a higher melting point for laser micro-texture treatment, and processing the region C into a required texture;
(3) positioning the metal A on the top of the metal B, wherein the texture of the metal A faces the surface of the metal B and is in contact with the metal B, and the area C completely falls into the overlapping area of the metal A and the metal B;
(4) and (3) carrying out laser welding on the overlapped area of the metal A and the metal B, so that the metal B which is melted into liquid in the overlapped area is filled in the gaps of the textures, and finishing the dissimilar metal welding piece.
2. A laser welding method of dissimilar metal materials as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the region C is located at the center of the metal A, and meanwhile, when the metal A is attached to the metal B, the region C is completely located in the overlapping region of the metal A and the metal B; the size of the area C is 40mm multiplied by 40mm, the laser processing parameters are that the pulse energy is 0.1-0.5 mJ, the pulse number is 3-5, the scanning speed is 300-400 mm/s, the texture of the surface of the metal A is in a grid shape, the depth of a net groove is 30 mu m, the width is 40 mu m, and the net groove is separated by a fixed distance of 50 mu m.
3. A laser welding method of dissimilar metal materials as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), because the area C has large-area depressions in the micro-texture process, when the non-depressed area in the area C is attached to the metal B, the actual contact surface is the area D, wherein the size of the area D is 3-10% of that of the area C.
4. A laser welding method of dissimilar metal materials as set forth in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the laser welding parameters are as follows: the diameter of a light spot is 10-15 mm, and the energy density is 20-30 MW/m2The duration is 2-5 s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110434423.4A CN113146050A (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials |
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| CN202110434423.4A CN113146050A (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Laser welding method for dissimilar metal materials |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115026401A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium alloy plate and steel plate |
| CN115026402A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium/titanium alloy plate lap joint |
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2021
- 2021-04-22 CN CN202110434423.4A patent/CN113146050A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115026401A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium alloy plate and steel plate |
| CN115026402A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-09-09 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic pulse welding method for magnesium/titanium alloy plate lap joint |
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