CN114346439A - Method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel laser welding head - Google Patents
Method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel laser welding head Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
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- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the performance of a laser welding head of aluminum-silicon coating thermoformed ultrahigh-strength steel, which comprises the steps of clamping a welding sample of the aluminum-silicon coating thermoformed ultrahigh-strength steel on a laser welding experimental platform, and adjusting the addition amount of alloy components and laser process parameters to carry out laser lap welding in a mode of adding alloy welding wires, alloy powder or alloy foils. Alloy components are added in the welding process to obtain a laser lap weld of the aluminum-silicon coating thermoformed high-strength steel with good forming and excellent quality; by controlling laser process parameters, the weld joint structure is improved, the aggregation degree of an aluminum coating dissolved in the weld joint is effectively weakened, the welding defects are reduced, and a high-quality lap joint welding head is obtained and is suitable for welding aluminum-silicon-plated hot-formed high-strength steel for automobiles. Compared with the traditional laser lapping method, the method does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot-formed high-strength steel, simplifies the lapping welding process flow, improves the production efficiency, improves the welding seam structure and improves the strength of the lapping welding joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a method for improving the performance of a laser welding head of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel.
Background
The automobile manufacturing light weight is an important direction for the development of the automobile industry, and on the premise of ensuring the strength and the safety performance of the automobile, the self weight of the automobile is reduced as much as possible by optimizing the structure and the materials, so that the dynamic property of the automobile is improved, the fuel consumption is reduced, and the pollution is reduced. Although some lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, composite material and carbon fiber material, can reduce the overall vehicle weight and fuel consumption, the overall considerations of formability, hardness, weldability, cost, etc. are not comparable to steel materials, and therefore, high-strength or ultra-high-strength steel with reduced steel plate thickness is gaining increasing favor from automobile manufacturers.
The hot formed high strength boron steel is one kind of super high strength automobile steel widely used in automobile industry, and has boron element added to raise the quenching capacity of the steel plate, red hot plate material, which is then punched and formed in a mold with cooling system and cooled fast to convert the austenite into full martensite, so as to obtain super high strength steel plate with tensile strength over 1500 MPa. In order to prevent the hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel from being oxidized or carbonized in the hot stamping process, an aluminum-silicon coating is usually plated on the surface of a steel plate, so that the hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel with the aluminum-silicon coating widely used at present is formed. However, in the subsequent welding process, since aluminum in the plating layer enters the weld, it is segregated to form bulk ferrite even in the fusion zone and the like, resulting in deterioration of the strength and plastic toughness of the weld. In order to weld aluminum-silicon-plated hot-formed high-strength steel, a coating is usually removed by technologies such as laser cleaning, mechanical polishing and shot blasting at present, and then welding is carried out. Therefore, the cleaning process increases the equipment investment, and the cleaning speed is low, so that the production efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is increased; meanwhile, dust generated after removal needs to be collected and treated, and the production auxiliary cost is increased.
At present, most researches on welding (tailor welding) process and method of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed high-strength steel butt joint are focused on welding of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed high-strength steel, such as patents with publication numbers of CN104023899A and CN106392328A, however, in the actual manufacturing process, the hot-formed high-strength steel is used after being lapped frequently. From the existing data, the research on the lap welding process and method of the aluminum-silicon coating hot forming high-strength steel is less, and from the limited data, the welding is mainly carried out by adopting the methods of pure laser welding, resistance spot welding and the like. Resistance spot welding does not allow closed type welding and the quality of the joint lacks a suitable non-destructive testing method. Although pure laser can perform high-efficiency welding, the quality of the joint is reduced because the aluminum coating enters into the welding seam, for example, the strength of a C Kim pure laser lap welding joint in Korea is 335MPa and is 22% of the strength of a base material (C.Kim, M.J.Kang, Y.D.park.laser welding of Al-Si coated hot standing steel. procedia Engineering,2011,10:2226-2231), the aluminum-silicon group of the Huaming Ming of Shanghai traffic university reports that the tensile strength of the joint of the pure laser lap welding coating hot-formed high-strength steel is about 375MPa and is 25% of the base material (Sai, Sai traffic university 2015 laser welding study on the influence of the coating on the high-strength steel optical fiber process and the joint performance). Therefore, a welding process and a method for improving the performance of the lap weld of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed high-strength steel are needed. The thickness of the plate is increased after the joint is lapped, and four layers of plating layers of the two layers of plates are dissolved in a thin and deep welding line. By analyzing the structure of the laser lap joint welding head, it can be found that the reason that the mechanical property of the joint is low is that the joint forms high-temperature ferrite (the reason for the formation of the high-temperature ferrite is mainly the dissolution of the Al-based coating, and Al is a stable ferrite forming element), and the higher the aggregation degree of the high-temperature ferrite is, the poorer the mechanical property is. That is, the joint strength can be improved by reducing the amount of high-temperature ferrite or reducing the degree of high-temperature ferrite accumulation. According to the knowledge of materials science, stable austenite forming elements are added, so that more austenite is formed in the welding seam in the solidification process, the ferrite forming power is reduced, and the ferrite forming amount in the welding seam can be reduced. The most commonly used stable austenite elements are C, Ni, Mn, N, etc. Through comparison, nickel is easy to form various forms and is easy to add into a welding seam, and nickel element and iron are infinitely dissolved in solid solution and can be added into the welding seam to inhibit high-temperature ferrite from forming.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the laser lap welding strength of the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel, namely, the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel is subjected to laser lap welding by adding an alloy welding wire or alloy powder or an alloy foil, adjusting the addition of alloy components and adjusting laser process parameters, so that the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel can be well formed and has excellent performance.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the solution of the invention is as follows:
a laser lap welding joint method for improving aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel comprises the following steps:
clamping a welding sample on a laser welding experiment platform, adjusting the addition amount of alloy components and laser process parameters in a mode of adding alloy welding wires, alloy powder or alloy foils, and carrying out laser lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel; wherein the added alloy welding wire, alloy powder or alloy foil is pure Ni, the length of the lap joint is 5-10 mm, and the gap of the lap joint is not more than 0.5 mm; the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 0.5-3 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 20-40 mu m; the incidence angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees, the power of the laser is 1.5-3.5 kW, and the welding speed is 1-3 m/min; argon is adopted to protect the molten pool, and the gas flow is 10-25L/min.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aluminum-silicon plated layer is pretreated with a solvent (one or more of acetone or ethanol) before lapping.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the added alloy welding wire is 1.2mm, the alloy welding wire is fed in a front wire feeding mode, the wire feeding angle is 20-40 degrees, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5-2.5 m/min.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the added alloy powder has the granularity of 200-400 meshes, is bonded and paved on a welding bead of an upper plate through an adhesive, and the thickness of the paving is 20-300 mu m.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the total thickness of the added alloy foil is 10-250 μm, and the alloy foil is added on the upper plate or in the middle of the two plates, or the upper plate is a nickel foil layer and the nickel foil layer is a nickel foil layer.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the mode of adding alloy welding wires or alloy powder or alloy foil, adjusts the addition amount of alloy components and adjusts the laser process parameters, and carries out laser lap welding on the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel to obtain a high-quality lap joint, and is also suitable for welding the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel for automobiles. Compared with the traditional laser lapping method, the method does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot-formed high-strength steel, simplifies the lapping welding process flow, improves the production efficiency, solves the problem of slight collapse of a pure laser welding head by adding alloy components, and improves the forming quality. More importantly, due to the addition of alloy components in the welding process, the formation of ferrite is inhibited, the accumulation of the ferrite is effectively relieved, and the mechanical property of the lap joint is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an assembly diagram of a laser lap joint assembly with nickel welding wires added to improve the performance of an Al-Si plated hot-formed high-strength steel in one embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an assembly diagram of a laser lap joint assembly with nickel powder added to improve the performance of an Al-Si plated hot-formed high-strength steel in one embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an assembly diagram of a laser lap weld joint with nickel foil added to improve the performance of an Al-Si plated hot formed high strength steel in one embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving the performance of a laser lap welding joint of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel, which comprises the following steps:
the aluminum-silicon coating thermoformed high-strength steel is lapped, alloy welding wires or alloy powder or alloy foil are added at a proper position, and effective connection of the aluminum-silicon coating thermoformed high-strength steel lapped welding joints is realized through laser welding. The addition of the alloy is selected and controlled, the laser welding process is controlled, the welding seam structure is adjusted, the aggregation degree of a plating layer in the welding seam is reduced, particularly the aggregation degree of the plating layer at a fusion line is reduced, and therefore the lap joint with higher strength is obtained. The thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 0.5-3 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 20-40 mu m. The aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel needs to be pretreated before welding: dipping a cotton ball in organic solvents such as acetone or alcohol to wipe the front and back surfaces of the hot-formed high-strength steel so as to remove impurities such as oil stains on the surfaces; and then quickly drying the wiped hot-formed high-strength steel, and placing the steel at a drying place to be welded.
Assembling the hot-formed high-strength steel subjected to the pre-welding treatment according to an assembly mode required in the figures 1-3 to form an overlap joint, wherein the length of the overlap joint can be 5-10 mm, and is preferably 10 mm; the gap of overlap may be no more than 0.5mm, preferably 0.1 mm. The incidence angle of the laser may be 85-90 °, preferably 85 °; the power of the laser can be 1.5-3.5 kW, and is preferably 2 kW; the speed of welding may be 1-3 m/min, preferably 1 m/min. In the laser wire feeding process, argon is used for protecting the molten pool, and the gas flow can be 10-25L/min, and is preferably 15L/min. The diameter of the alloy welding wire is 1.2mm, the alloy welding wire is fed in a front-mounted wire feeding mode, the wire feeding angle is 20-40 degrees, the wire feeding speed is 0.5-2.5 m/min, the preferred wire feeding angle is 20 degrees, and the wire feeding speed is 1 m/min. The granularity of the alloy powder is 200-400 meshes, the thickness is 20-300 mu m, preferably the granularity is 300 meshes, and the thickness is 100 mu m; the total thickness of the alloy foil is 10-250 μm, preferably 80 μm, and is added to the upper plate by 40 μm and between the two plates by 40 μm.
And during welding, starting a laser welding system, melting the base metal through laser, and forming a welding line after cooling.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for improving the performance of a laser lap joint welding head of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel by adding a nickel welding wire, which comprises the following steps: assembling the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel subjected to pre-welding pretreatment according to the drawing shown in figure 1 to form a lap joint, wherein the lap joint length is 10mm, the lap joint gap is 0.1mm, and the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel is lapped through a laser and wire feeding process, wherein the incident angle of laser is 85 degrees. In the laser welding process, the welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2kW, the welding speed is 1m/min, the argon flow is 15L/min, the wire feeding speed is 1m/min, and the wire feeding angle is 40 degrees when argon is adopted for protection.
The results show that the whole weld joint is well formed after welding, has no splash and is a full penetration weld joint. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into three parts, namely an inner heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a middle heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and an outer heat affected zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to a welding seam; the outer heat affected zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 791MPa, which is higher than the strength (about 450MPa) of the lap joint without the welding wire.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for improving the performance of a laser lap joint welding head of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel by adding nickel powder, which comprises the following steps: assembling the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel subjected to pre-welding pretreatment according to the drawing shown in figure 2 to form a lap joint, paving a layer of pure nickel powder with the granularity of 300 meshes and the thickness of 100 mu m on a lap plate, wherein the lap length is 10mm, the lap gap is 0.1mm, overlapping the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel by a pure laser process, the incidence angle of laser is 85 degrees, and in the laser welding process, the welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 2.5kW, the welding speed is 1m/min, and the argon flow is 15L/min when argon is adopted for protection.
The results show that the whole weld joint is well formed after welding, has no splash and is a full penetration weld joint. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into three parts, namely an inner heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a middle heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and an outer heat affected zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to a welding seam; the outer heat affected zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 772MPa, which is higher than the strength of the lap joint without adding nickel powder (about 450 MPa).
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for improving the performance of a laser lap welding joint of aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel by adding nickel foil, which comprises the following steps: assembling the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel subjected to pre-welding pretreatment according to the drawing shown in figure 3 to form a lap joint, paving a layer of pure nickel foil with the thickness of 100 mu m on a lap plate, wherein the lap length is 10mm, the lap gap is 0.1mm, overlapping the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel by a pure laser process, the incidence angle of laser is 85 degrees, and in the laser welding process, the welding process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 3kW, the welding speed is 1m/min, and the argon flow is 15L/min when argon is adopted for protection.
The results show that the whole weld joint is well formed after welding, has no splash and is a full penetration weld joint. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into three parts, namely an inner heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a middle heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and an outer heat affected zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to a welding seam; the outer heat affected zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 798MPa, which is higher than the strength (about 450MPa) of the lap joint without the nickel foil.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the performance of a laser welding joint of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: clamping a welding sample of the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed high-strength steel on a laser welding experiment platform, and adjusting the addition amount of alloy components and laser process parameters to carry out laser lap welding in a mode of adding alloy welding wires, alloy powder or alloy foils; wherein:
the length of the lap joint is 5-10 mm, and the gap of the lap joint is not more than 0.5 mm;
the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 0.5-3 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating for thermoforming the high-strength steel is 20-40 mu m;
the incidence angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees, the power of the laser is 1.5-3.5 kW, and the welding speed is 1-3 m/min;
argon is adopted to protect the molten pool, and the gas flow is 10-25L/min.
2. The method for improving the laser welding joint performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the alloy welding wire, the alloy powder or the alloy foil is pure Ni.
3. The method for improving the laser welding joint performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed high-strength steel is pretreated by an organic solvent before overlapping.
4. The method for improving the laser welding joint performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the added alloy welding wire is 1.2mm, the wire feeding angle is 20-40 degrees by adopting a front wire feeding mode, and the wire feeding speed is 0.5-2.5 m/min.
5. The method for improving the laser welding joint performance of the Al-Si plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the added alloy powder has a particle size of 200-400 meshes, is laid in the welding bead direction by means of adhesive bonding, and has a layer thickness of 20-300 μm.
6. The method for improving the laser welding joint performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 1, wherein the total thickness of the added alloy foil is 10-250 μm, and the added alloy foil is added on an upper plate, or in the middle of two plates, or in a mode of adding one layer of the upper plate and one layer of the two plates.
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