CN109759699B - Laser welding process method for 5083 aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Laser welding process method for 5083 aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109759699B CN109759699B CN201910029404.6A CN201910029404A CN109759699B CN 109759699 B CN109759699 B CN 109759699B CN 201910029404 A CN201910029404 A CN 201910029404A CN 109759699 B CN109759699 B CN 109759699B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method, which belongs to the technical field of welding and realizes welding of 5083 aluminum alloy by taking pulse laser as a heat source and adopting a mode that the laser symmetrically swings along two sides of a welding line. The method comprises the following steps: first, prior to welding, the oxide films on both sides of the weld of the 5083 aluminum alloy were removed. Secondly, set up pulse laser and shielding gas nozzle above the 5083 aluminum alloy, the shielding gas nozzle is used for blowing inert gas to the welding seam positive face to adopt preheating device to preheat the 5083 aluminum alloy. And finally, after heating to a preset temperature, adjusting the average power, the pulse frequency, the swing amplitude and the swing frequency of the laser to realize 5083 aluminum alloy welding. The 5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method can improve the conditions of low productivity and large heat affected zone of the traditional aluminum alloy processing method, and can overcome the defects of large heat input and poor forming quality of aluminum alloy processed by continuous laser. And can effectively improve the defect problems of air holes, cracks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to a 5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method.
Background
The 5083 aluminum alloy is a typical aluminum-magnesium alloy, and belongs to an aluminum alloy which has medium strength and cannot be heat-treated for strengthening. The aluminum alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, good processability and low-temperature performance, and can be widely used in the industrial fields of ships, naval vessels, automobiles, plane plate welding parts and the like.
At present, 5083 aluminum alloy is mainly welded by tungsten inert gas welding/metal inert gas welding (TIG/MIG), although effective connection can be realized, the problems of warping, deformation, joint softening and the like are easy to occur due to large heat input amount in the welding process, and the productivity is low due to the fact that the aluminum alloy needs to be repaired after welding. Compared with the traditional arc welding, the laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, high welding efficiency, small heat input, good accessibility and the like, and is a high-quality and high-efficiency welding method. Laser welding can be divided into continuous laser welding and pulse laser welding.
However, due to the high reflectivity of the aluminum alloy and the strong evaporation of alloy elements, fluctuation of deep-melting pores is caused, so that the stability of the aluminum alloy laser welding process is poor, and the welding seam has defects of pores, cracks and the like, so that a good welding seam is difficult to obtain. The most common problem is the air holes which can seriously damage the compactness of the weld metal, weaken the effective sectional area of the weld and greatly reduce the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the weld.
The laser advanced manufacturing technology Hubei province key laboratory Yushiwen and the like utilize continuous laser to carry out a 5183 aluminum alloy laser swing welding process test with the thickness of 6mm, and the problem of 5183 aluminum alloy laser welding air holes is solved by changing a swing path, swing amplitude and swing frequency.
Chinese patent CN 107442935 a discloses a laser swing welding process for aluminum alloy, which uses continuous laser as heat source and adopts laser swing mode to realize welding of aluminum alloy.
In the above researches, continuous laser is used as a heat source, and the situation of large heat input is easy to occur when the continuous laser is used. The 5083 aluminum alloy swing welding technology based on the pulse laser has two advantages. On one hand, the conditions of low productivity and large heat affected zone of the traditional aluminum alloy processing methods such as TIG/MIG and the like can be avoided through pulse laser swing welding, and on the other hand, the defects of large heat input and poor forming quality of the aluminum alloy processed by adopting continuous laser can be overcome. The coupling between the pulse laser parameters and the swing parameters achieves the purpose of welding the 5083 aluminum alloy with small heat input, good forming and near defect free. Provides a more effective method for welding aluminum alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a 5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method, which adopts pulsed laser as a heat source, preheats a 5083 aluminum alloy workpiece through a preheated substrate), and adopts a mode that the laser swings along a certain path to realize the welding of 5083 aluminum alloy, and the invention can realize the stable 5083 aluminum alloy welding with small heat affected zone and near no defect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method is realized based on a preheated substrate, a temperature controller, a laser and a shielding gas nozzle; fixing the pretreated 5083 aluminum alloy workpiece on a preheating substrate, adjusting an included angle between pulse laser and the vertical direction to be 5-10 degrees, adjusting an included angle between a shielding gas nozzle and the vertical direction to be 45-60 degrees, opening a temperature controller and adjusting to a certain preheating temperature. The process method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: connecting the preheating substrate with a temperature controller, and fixing the pretreated 5083 aluminum alloy on the preheating substrate; a pulse laser and a shielding gas nozzle are arranged above 5083 aluminum alloy, and the shielding gas nozzle is used for blowing inert gas to the front surface of a welding seam of the 5083 aluminum alloy.
S2: and opening a temperature controller and adjusting the preheating temperature to 160-200 ℃.
S3: after heating to a preset temperature, setting a synthetic swing path of laser, and welding: firstly, setting pulse laser parameters including average power and pulse frequency; secondly, starting the laser and the machine tool, blowing inert gas to the front side of the welding seam for protection, swinging pulse laser of the laser at a certain frequency and amplitude along the direction vertical to the 5083 aluminum alloy welding seam, driving the workpiece to feed at a certain speed along the welding seam direction by the machine tool according to a preset program, forming a swinging path by the resultant motion of the two motions, and further finishing swinging welding.
The preprocessing in step S1 is: before welding, sand paper is used for polishing to remove oxide skins within 20-30 mm of two sides of a 5083 aluminum alloy butt welding line, and after the periphery of the welding line is exposed with metallic luster, the welding line is wiped by acetone.
Step S1, the included angle between the pulse laser and the vertical direction is 5-10 degrees, and the included angle between the protective gas nozzle and the vertical direction is 45-60 degrees.
The thickness of the 5083 aluminum alloy plate in the step S1 is 0.8-1.2 mm.
In the welding, the pulse laser parameters in step S3 are: the average power P is 370-410W, and the pulse frequency f is 18-24 Hz.
In the welding process, the swing amplitude in the step S3 is 0.5-2 mm, and the swing frequency is 1/6 f-1/2 f.
And in the welding process, the feeding speed along the welding seam direction in the step S3 is 15 f-20 f mm/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can avoid the conditions of low productivity and large heat affected zone of the traditional aluminum alloy processing methods such as TIG/MIG and the like through pulse laser swing welding, and can overcome the defects of large heat input and poor forming quality of aluminum alloy processed by continuous laser. And the temperature gradient can be effectively reduced by preheating the workpiece, thereby inhibiting the generation of cracks. The invention achieves 5083 aluminum alloy welding with small heat input, good forming and near defect-free through the coupling between the pulse laser parameters and the swing parameters. In conclusion, the invention has important significance for aluminum alloy laser welding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
In the figure: 15083 aluminum alloy plate; 2 preheating the substrate; 3 a temperature controller; 4, pulse laser; 5 a shielding gas nozzle; 6 laser wobble path.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
A5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method is realized based on the following structure that a pretreated 5083 aluminum alloy workpiece 1 is fixed on a preheating substrate 2, an included angle between a pulse laser 4 and the vertical direction is adjusted to be 5 degrees, an included angle between a shielding gas nozzle 5 and the vertical direction is adjusted to be 45 degrees, a temperature controller 3 is opened, and a certain temperature is adjusted.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: before welding, 600# abrasive paper is used for polishing to remove oxide skin within 30mm around a 5083 aluminum alloy butt welding seam until the periphery of the welding seam is exposed with metallic luster, and then the welding seam is wiped by acetone and is dried.
S2: the 5083 aluminum alloy after the surface treatment was fixed on a preheated substrate. The temperature controller was turned on and the preheat temperature was adjusted to 180 ℃.
S3: the defocusing amount is adjusted to be 0mm, the average power is 380W, the pulse frequency is 20Hz, and the workpiece feeding speed is 360 mm/min.
S4: the swing amplitude was set to 0.5mm and the swing frequency was set to 6 Hz.
S5: adjusting the flow of the protective gas to be 20L/min, and finally carrying out swing welding.
The above-described process is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention, and shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A5083 aluminum alloy laser welding process method is characterized in that pulse laser (4) is used as a heat source, a 5083 aluminum alloy workpiece (1) is preheated through a preheating substrate (2), and welding of 5083 aluminum alloy is achieved in a mode that the laser swings along a certain path, and the process method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: connecting the preheating substrate (2) with a temperature controller (3), and fixing the pretreated 5083 aluminum alloy on the preheating substrate (2); a pulse laser and a protective gas nozzle (5) are arranged above 5083 aluminum alloy, and the protective gas nozzle (5) is used for blowing inert gas to the front side of the welding seam; adjusting the included angle between the pulse laser (4) and the vertical direction to be 5-10 degrees, and adjusting the included angle between the shielding gas nozzle (5) and the vertical direction to be 45-60 degrees;
s2: opening a temperature controller (3) and adjusting the preheating temperature to 160-200 ℃;
s3: after heating to a preset temperature, setting a synthetic swing path of laser to weld: firstly, setting pulse laser parameters including average power P of 370-410W and pulse frequency f of 18-24 Hz; secondly, starting a laser and a machine tool, blowing inert gas to the front side of the welding seam for protection, and enabling pulse laser (4) of the laser to swing along the direction vertical to the 5083 aluminum alloy welding seam, wherein the swing amplitude is 0.5-2 mm, and the swing frequency is 1/6 f-1/2 f; the machine tool drives the workpiece to feed along the direction of the welding seam according to a preset program, and the feeding speed is 15 f-20 fmm/min; the resultant motion of the two motions forms a swing path (6) to further complete swing welding; the swing path is W-shaped.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the pretreatment of step S1 is to remove scale within 20-30 mm of both sides of a 5083 aluminum alloy butt weld by sanding, and wipe with acetone after metallic luster is exposed around the weld.
3. The laser welding process method for 5083 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the 5083 aluminum alloy plate in step S1 is 0.8-1.2 mm.
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| CN112108768B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-06-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | Pulse laser conversion device and method for improving double-laser-beam double-side synchronous welding receiving arc defects |
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| CN112719587A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-04-30 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Laser pulse welding method for thin-wall aluminum alloy butt joint |
| CN112756780A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-07 | 宁波旭升汽车技术股份有限公司 | Non-wire-filling S-shaped swinging laser welding process suitable for thin-wall aluminum alloy |
| CN113275751B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-02-03 | 宝能(广州)汽车研究院有限公司 | Aluminum alloy plate and preparation method thereof |
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| JPH09122958A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-05-13 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Pulse laser beam welding method of aluminum alloy |
| CN103056533B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-04-15 | 华中科技大学 | Oscillatory scanning laser beam-electric arc hybrid welding method and system |
| US9067278B2 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-06-30 | Photon Automation, Inc. | Pulse spread laser |
| CN105149785A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-16 | 无锡汉神电气有限公司 | Lap joint laser welding technology for 0.5 mm aluminum alloy plate |
| CN106735904A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 柳州振业焊接机电设备制造有限公司 | The method for laser welding of aluminium alloy |
| CN106825871B (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2019-04-05 | 玉林博飞商贸有限公司 | A kind of welding procedure of aluminium alloy |
| CN107414303A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-12-01 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of laser scanning combination laser heating wire TIG complex welding method |
| CN107442935A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-08 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy laser oscillating welding technique |
| CN108907463A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-11-30 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Method for controlling the laser welding process stomata of aluminium alloy lock bottom butt weld |
| CN109079352B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2023-10-03 | 广东工业大学 | Device for partial vacuum laser welding and double-sided annealing of aluminum alloy |
| CN109175688A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-11 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | It is a kind of can refining aluminum alloy seam organization method for laser welding |
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