CN110860808B - Inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device and method - Google Patents
Inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110860808B CN110860808B CN201911238248.0A CN201911238248A CN110860808B CN 110860808 B CN110860808 B CN 110860808B CN 201911238248 A CN201911238248 A CN 201911238248A CN 110860808 B CN110860808 B CN 110860808B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0643—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising mirrors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention discloses an inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device and method, and belongs to the technical field of welding. The invention couples the temperature field of inductive heating and the fluctuation field of ultrasonic vibration, and applies ultrasonic to impact and stir the molten pool while the solidification rate of the molten metal is slowed down by the inductive heating. The invention adopts pulse laser as a heat source, adopts a machine tool to drive an aluminum alloy plate to move along the direction of a welding line relative to a laser spot, simultaneously applies ultrasonic waves and uses an induction device to heat and control the temperature. Compared with a single applied ultrasonic field, the coupled energy field can effectively prolong the action time of the ultrasonic to the molten metal; compared with the single application of an inductive temperature field, the method can produce impact stirring effect on the molten pool. The coupling assistance of the inductor and the ultrasound can reduce air holes in the structure to a greater extent, inhibit crack sources to a greater extent, reduce micro and macro cracks, enhance the service performance of parts and meet the actual use requirements of the parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to an inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device and method.
Background
The 2219-T87 aluminum alloy is a new generation application material in the aerospace industry, belongs to Al-Cu-Mn series high-strength aluminum alloy, and is reinforced by precipitation strengthening. For Al-Cu alloy materials, the existing welding process mainly adopts wire-filling variable-polarity TIG argon arc welding, and is easy to generate defects such as air holes, cracks and the like in welding production, wherein the air holes and the cracks can seriously damage the compactness of weld metal, weaken the effective sectional area of a weld and greatly reduce the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the weld. Therefore, a new welding process needs to be explored, the metallurgical defects of the welding line are reduced as much as possible, and the comprehensive performance of the Al-Cu alloy welding joint is improved.
Chinese patent CN 102059453 a discloses an ultrasonic non-contact auxiliary laser welding method, which is designed to solve the technical problems of easy generation of pores and cracks in laser welding of metals such as titanium alloy and aluminum alloy, and achieves the purposes of refining weld joint structure and improving weld joint performance. However, the ultrasonic vibration of the patent adopts a non-contact application mode, so that the utilization rate of ultrasonic waves is greatly reduced, and the effective action effect of the ultrasonic waves is weaker.
Chinese patent CN 105414763A discloses an ultrasonic coaxial auxiliary laser welding method for a plate heat exchanger, which is technically characterized in that high-frequency ultrasonic vibration is applied when laser welding of plate heat exchange plates is implemented, the ultrasonic vibration and a laser beam are applied in a coaxial mode, and the heat exchange plates are directly contacted with an ultrasonic vibration tool head. However, the method adopts a mode of coaxial application of ultrasonic vibration and laser beams, greatly changes the original laser optical path system, cannot adjust the defocusing amount parameter of laser welding, and has poor adaptability; meanwhile, the laser welding process is difficult to observe in real time, and certain secondary damage is caused to the surface of a welded seam.
Chinese patent CN109759700A discloses a laser welding method with welding ultrasonic vibration, which is characterized in that a preheating plate is used to apply preheating during welding, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the front of the weld seam at a certain distance behind the molten pool, so as to reduce residual deformation and improve fatigue performance.
The university of Changchun's paper "research on the influence of ultrasonic waves on aluminum alloy laser-arc hybrid welding" adopts a method of applying ultrasonic waves at the bottom, and adopts a welding mode that a laser welding head and an ultrasonic vibration head are static, and a workpiece moves at a constant speed. The workpiece is fixed on the numerical control guide rail through the welding workbench, the ultrasonic vibration head is vertically applied to the bottom of the workpiece, the application mode has no requirement on the size of the welding part, the ultrasonic utilization rate is high, but the method has high requirements on structural design of the machine tool workbench and the numerical control guide rail, and the walking path is single. Meanwhile, the preheating problem of the workpiece in the method is not reasonably solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device and method aiming at the problems in the prior art. The process method adopts pulse laser as a heat source, adopts a mode that a machine tool drives an aluminum alloy plate to move along the direction of a welding seam relative to a laser spot and simultaneously applies ultrasonic waves and uses an induction device for heating and controlling the temperature, and realizes the welding of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the inductively coupled ultrasonic auxiliary pulse laser welding device comprises a laser head 1, an induction coil 2, an ultrasonic device 3, an infrared thermometer 4, an electromagnetic induction host 5, a coil rack 6, an aluminum alloy plate 7, a laser head seat and a machine tool.
The laser head seat is hung above the machine tool; the laser head 1 is arranged below the laser head seat, and the included angle between the laser output direction of the laser head 1 and the vertical direction is 5-15 degrees; the coil rack 6 is arranged outside the laser head 1; the induction coil 2 is horizontally hung below the coil rack 6, and laser output by the laser head 1 passes through the center of the induction coil 2; the electromagnetic induction host 5 is electrically connected with the induction coil 2 through a lead, and the electromagnetic induction host 5 is used for supplying power to the induction coil 2; the ultrasonic device 3 is arranged on the laser head seat, the ultrasonic output direction of the ultrasonic device 3 points to the welding area, and the distance between the ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device 3 and the laser spot center of the laser in the welding area is 5-50 mm; the infrared thermometer 4 is mounted on the machine tool through an auxiliary device (the auxiliary device can be a tripod and other common fixing devices) and is used for measuring the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate 7; the aluminum alloy plate 7 is arranged on a workbench of a machine tool, and the welding seam direction of the aluminum alloy plate 7 is parallel to the movement direction of the workbench of the machine tool.
Furthermore, the diameter of the induction coil 2 is 5-10 mm.
An inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method comprises the following steps:
And 5, starting a power supply of the ultrasonic device 3 to enable an ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device 3 to be in an ultrasonic vibration state. The ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic device 3 is 600-1800 w, and the ultrasonic frequency is 10-30 kHz. The fusion process is intervened in real time by utilizing the ultrasonic impact process, and the multi-interface and multi-form characteristics of the coagulated tissue are controlled, so that the consistency of the coagulated tissue is ensured. The stress is regulated and controlled in real time by the local forging effect of the structure and the localized impact strengthening effect on the stress, and the stress distribution and transmission characteristics are controlled, so that the uniformity of the stress distribution is ensured.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the average power P of the laser head 1 is preferably 300-400W, the pulse frequency f is preferably 22-28 Hz, and the pulse width is preferably 3 ms.
Further, in the step 4, the preferable range of the preheating temperature is 180-280 ℃, the preferable range of the output power of the corresponding electromagnetic induction main unit 5 is 2000-3000W, and the preferable range of the output frequency of the electromagnetic induction main unit 5 is 140 KHz-160 KHz.
Further, in the step 5, the preferable range of the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic device 3 is 800-1500W, and the preferable range of the ultrasonic frequency is 15-25 KHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the mode of applying the ultrasound has high utilization rate of the ultrasound energy, and can carry out effective ultrasound intervention on large-scale welding parts.
The induction heating temperature control in the invention has no limitation on the size of the welding part, and can be used for welding large-scale structural parts. The method can realize stable 2219 aluminum alloy welding with small heat affected zone and near zero defect.
The invention couples the temperature field of inductive heating and the fluctuation field of ultrasonic vibration, and applies ultrasonic to impact and stir the molten pool while the solidification rate of the molten metal is slowed down by the inductive heating. Compared with a single applied ultrasonic field, the coupled energy field can effectively prolong the action time of the ultrasonic to the molten metal; compared with the single application of an inductive temperature field, the method can produce impact stirring effect on the molten pool. The coupling assistance of the inductor and the ultrasound can reduce air holes in the structure to a greater extent, inhibit crack sources to a greater extent, reduce micro and macro cracks, enhance the service performance of parts and meet the actual use requirements of the parts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a laser head; 2. an induction coil; 3. an ultrasonic device; 4. an infrared thermometer; 5. an electromagnetic induction host; 6. a bobbin; 7. an aluminum alloy sheet.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention by referring to the description, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the inductively coupled ultrasonic auxiliary pulse laser welding device comprises a laser head 1, an induction coil 2, an ultrasonic device 3, an infrared thermometer 4, an electromagnetic induction host 5, a coil rack 6, an aluminum alloy plate 7, a laser head seat and a machine tool.
The laser head seat is hung above the machine tool; the laser head 1 is arranged below the laser head seat, and the included angle between the laser output direction of the laser head 1 and the vertical direction is 5 degrees; the coil rack 6 is arranged outside the laser head 1; the induction coil 2 is horizontally hung below the coil rack 6, and laser output by the laser head 1 passes through the center of the induction coil 2; the electromagnetic induction host 5 is electrically connected with the induction coil 2 through a lead, and the electromagnetic induction host 5 is used for supplying power to the induction coil 2; the ultrasonic device 3 is arranged on the laser head seat, the ultrasonic output direction of the ultrasonic device 3 points to the welding area, and the distance from the ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device 3 to the laser spot center of the laser in the welding area is 25 mm; the infrared thermometer 4 is arranged on the machine tool through a tripod, and an included angle between the infrared thermometer 4 and the vertical direction is 45 degrees for measuring the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate 7; the aluminum alloy plate 7 is arranged on a workbench of a machine tool, and the welding seam direction of the aluminum alloy plate 7 is parallel to the movement direction of the workbench of the machine tool.
Furthermore, the induction coil 2 is a single-turn coil, and the diameter of the coil is 8 mm.
An inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method comprises the following steps:
And 5, starting a power supply of the ultrasonic device 3 to enable an ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device 3 to be in an ultrasonic vibration state. The ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic device 3 is 1000w, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz. The fusion process is intervened in real time by utilizing the ultrasonic impact process, and the multi-interface and multi-form characteristics of the coagulated tissue are controlled, so that the consistency of the coagulated tissue is ensured. The stress is regulated and controlled in real time by the local forging effect of the structure and the localized impact strengthening effect on the stress, and the stress distribution and transmission characteristics are controlled, so that the uniformity of the stress distribution is ensured.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method is characterized by being realized based on an inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device, wherein the inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding device comprises a laser head (1), an induction coil (2), an ultrasonic device (3), an infrared thermometer (4), an electromagnetic induction host (5), a coil rack (6), an aluminum alloy plate (7), a laser head seat and a machine tool;
the laser head seat is hung above the machine tool; the laser head (1) is arranged below the laser head seat, and the included angle between the laser output direction of the laser head (1) and the vertical direction is 5-15 degrees; the coil rack (6) is arranged outside the laser head (1); the induction coil (2) is horizontally hung below the coil rack (6), and laser output by the laser head (1) penetrates through the center of the induction coil (2); the electromagnetic induction host (5) is electrically connected with the induction coil (2) through a lead, and the electromagnetic induction host (5) is used for supplying power to the induction coil (2); the ultrasonic device (3) is arranged on the laser head seat, the ultrasonic output direction of the ultrasonic device (3) points to a welding area, and the distance between an ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device (3) and the center of a laser spot of laser in the welding area is 5-50 mm; the infrared thermometer (4) is arranged on the machine tool and is used for measuring the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate (7); the aluminum alloy plate (7) is arranged on a workbench of a machine tool, and the welding line direction of the aluminum alloy plate (7) is parallel to the movement direction of the workbench of the machine tool;
the inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method comprises the following steps of:
step 1, polishing with sand paper to remove oxide skin within 30mm around a butt welding seam of the aluminum alloy plate (7) until the periphery of the welding seam is exposed with metallic luster, wiping with acetone and drying;
step 2, fixing the aluminum alloy plate (7) processed in the step 1 on a workbench of a machine tool, wherein the direction of a welding seam of the aluminum alloy plate (7) is parallel to the movement direction of the workbench of the machine tool; adjusting the included angle between the pulse laser and the vertical direction to be 5-15 degrees so as to protect the lens;
step 3, setting pulse laser parameters of the laser head (1): the average power P is 200-500W, the pulse frequency f is 15-30 Hz, the pulse width is 2-4 ms, and the adjustment defocusing amount is-0.5 mm;
step 4, starting the electromagnetic induction host (5), wherein the output power of the electromagnetic induction host (5) is 1500W-3500W, the output frequency of the electromagnetic induction host (5) is 120 KHz-180 KHz, and the action area of the induction coil (2) on the aluminum alloy plate (7) is 12mm2~24mm2Preheating at 150-300 deg.c;
step 5, starting a power supply of the ultrasonic device (3) to enable an ultrasonic impact gun of the ultrasonic device (3) to be in an ultrasonic vibration state; the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic device (3) is 600-1800 w, and the ultrasonic frequency is 10-30 kHz;
step 6, setting the traveling speed of a workbench of the machine tool to be 200-300 mm/min; and starting the laser head (1) to weld with the machine tool, and continuously blowing inert gas to the front side of the weld joint for protection.
2. An inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the induction coil (2) is 5-10 mm.
3. An inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the average power P of the laser head (1) in step 2 is preferably in the range of 300-400W, the pulse frequency f is preferably in the range of 22-28 Hz, and the pulse width is preferably 3 ms.
4. The laser welding method of the inductively coupled ultrasonic-assisted pulse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature in step 4 is preferably 180 ℃ to 280 ℃, the output power of the corresponding electromagnetic induction main unit (5) is preferably 2000W to 3000W, and the output frequency of the electromagnetic induction main unit (5) is preferably 140KHz to 160 KHz.
5. The laser welding method of claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic device (3) is preferably in the range of 800-1500W, and the ultrasonic frequency is preferably in the range of 15-25 KHz.
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CN112247167A (en) * | 2020-10-24 | 2021-01-22 | 无锡夕阳康科技有限公司 | Numerical control machine tool with laser heating function |
CN112475609B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-03-25 | 湖南大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted laser welding deformation inhibiting device |
CN113579479A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-11-02 | 武汉理工大学 | Ultrasonic coupling electromagnetic stirring assisted laser additive manufacturing method |
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