CN105880852A - Ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105880852A CN105880852A CN201610363274.6A CN201610363274A CN105880852A CN 105880852 A CN105880852 A CN 105880852A CN 201610363274 A CN201610363274 A CN 201610363274A CN 105880852 A CN105880852 A CN 105880852A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
- B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/164—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas making use of a moving fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and a welding method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of welding. Two aluminum alloy plates to be welded are fixed on a numerically controlled working table in a butted manner, after passing through a laser welding head, a pulse laser beam obliquely illuminates front surfaces of the aluminum alloy plates to be welded, an MIG welding gun is placed on the front surfaces of the aluminum alloy plates to be welded, and a welding wire is mounted in the MIG welding gun; and an ultrasonic vibration tool head is placed on the back surfaces of the aluminum alloy plates to be welded and in the middle of a butt seam of the two aluminum alloy plates to be welded; the ultrasonic vibration tool head is connected with an amplitude-change pole; the amplitude-change pole is connected with a transducer; and the transducer is connected with an ultrasonic generator through a transmission wire, so that the ultrasonic vibration tool head moves relative to the aluminum alloy plates to be welded in a reciprocating manner. By the ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and the welding method thereof, the problems that by an existing aluminum alloy laser-electric arc composite heat source welding method, coarse grains of weld joints are easily caused, and lots of air holes are easily formed, so that the strength of an aluminum alloy welding joint is reduced are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, relate to the ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply weldering of a kind of aluminium alloy
Connection device and welding method thereof, particularly relate to magnalium series (5000 series) and al-mg-si series (6000 series) aluminum closes
The welding method of gold.
Background technology
Aluminum and alloy thereof are with its good physics, chemistry and mechanical performance, important in the many of national defense industry and economic construction
Field is widely used.Along with aluminum and the extensive application of aluminium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy solder technology are also sent out by leaps and bounds
Exhibition.Based on to the improvement of conventional soldering techniques and the novel aluminum alloy solder technology of innovation, such as low frequency modulations type pulse MIC
Weldering, exchange MIG weldering, the weldering of double welding gun TIG, perforation type plasma arc welding (PAW)；And high energy beam current solder technology, such as electronics
Bundle weldering, CO2Laser Welding, YAG Laser Welding, Disc Laser Welding, Fiber Laser Welding etc.；With Semi-solid Stirring friction welding (FW) skill
Art is all used for the research of Welded by Chinese scholars.Along with not turning off of high-power, High-performance lasers process equipment
Send out, Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys technology develop quickly, at present, laser-electric arc composite heat source (as Laser-TIG composite heat power supply,
Laser-plasma composite heat power supply etc.) solder technology overcome independent thermal source welding limitation, be better than traditional welding side with it
Many performances of formula and be widely used, be one of the main development direction of Welded.
Due to aluminium alloy compared with active, heat-conductivity conducting is good, linear expansion coefficient is big, weld and often have pore, crackle, sting
The defects such as limit, appearance of weld difference occur, and postwelding joint mechanical property declines notable.Similar with other melting welding, weld seam
In hydrogen blistering be also the defect common when connecing of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy, moisture in air and protective gas and
In oxide-film, the moisture of absorption is the main cause producing weld porosity.Meanwhile, aluminium alloy usually contains lower boiling conjunction
Gold element, such as: Mg and Zn etc., these alloying elements under the effect of high-energy-density thermal source easily occur evaporation and
Ablation, forms magnesium pore and zinc pore.
Additionally, aluminium alloy is to CO2The reflectance of laser is up to 97%, to YAG, Disc and Fiber etc. 1 about μm
The reflectance of wavelength laser is also close to 80%, and when laser action is in aluminum and aluminum alloy surface, overwhelming majority energy is reflected.
So, in order to prevent the laser beam damage laser instrument and the leaded light that are reflected in Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy termination process
System, usually uses laser beam to tilt certain angle incidence aluminum alloy surface.When laser beam is incident with certain angle of inclination
Time, it being in heeling condition at the internal keyhole formed of aluminium alloy, liquid metal is easier to lead under the effect of self gravitation
Cause subsiding of keyhole, thus easily cause being formed bubble bottom molten bath.Meanwhile, melt due to laser-arc hybrid welding in industry again
The arc welding method that the depth-to-width ratio in pond is traditional is bigger, and speed of welding is high, and the volume in molten bath is little, therefore the crystallisation by cooling in molten bath
Speed is exceedingly fast, and is unfavorable for the floating effusion of bubble.So, once produce in Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy connects molten bath
Pore is to be difficult to effusion.
Pore destroys the compactness of weld metal, weakens the net sectional area of weld seam, reduces the mechanical property of weld seam,
The especially bending strength of weld seam and impact flexibility.In general pore is the major reason causing component damage so that it is mould
Property reduce 40%-50%.Under alternate stress effect, the fatigue strength of weld seam is remarkably decreased simultaneously.Whether metallurgical pore is also
Being air vent of craft, be mainly formed in the solidification stages in molten bath, can the bubble in liquid state molten pool escape before solidification starts in time
Go out is to affect the principal element that gas hole defect is how many.
It addition, the speed of laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is fast, cause easily being formed relatively in the process of setting of welding pool
Big thermograde so that weld metal condenses into thicker dendrite, thus reduces the mechanical property of joint.
For both sides problem above-mentioned during overcoming aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, The present invention gives one
Plant new aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device and welding method.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, solves
Existing aluminium alloy the laser-arc hybrid welding method of having determined is easily caused that weld grain is thick, be easily formed asking of increased number of stomata
Topic, improves welded joints in aluminium alloy intensity.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, two
Aluminium alloy plate to be welded is fixed on numerical control table, NC table according to the form of docking, after pulse laser beam passes through laser welding system, inclines
Oblique illumination is in the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, and MIG welding gun is placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, installs weldering in MIG welding gun
Silk；Ultrasonic vibration tool head is placed in the middle of the abutment joint of the back side of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, two aluminium alloy plates to be welded, super
Acoustic vibration tool heads is connected with horn, and horn is connected with transducer, and transducer is occurred with ultrasound wave by transmission line
Device connects, and utilizes the relative position of fixing transducer and aluminium alloy plate to be welded, the machine produced by transducer by horn
Tool vibration is amplified, is converged, and is transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head, it is achieved ultrasonic vibration tool head is relative to aluminum to be welded
The reciprocating motion of alloy sheets.
Inventive feature also resides in, and further, pulse laser beam oblique illumination enters when the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded
Firing angle β is 75 °-82 °, and MIG welding gun and aluminium alloy plate surface to be welded angle α are 55 °-70 °.
Further, laser welding system is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas, and MIG welding gun is connected with arc-welding machine, arc
Welding machine is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas.
Further, supersonic generator connected control system outer with supersonic generator is connected, and supersonic generator is by electricity
Source line is connected with supersonic generator external power supply, and numerical control table, NC table is connected with numerical control operating cabinet.
A kind of method of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device welding aluminum alloy, specifically according to following step
Suddenly carry out:
Step one: two aluminium alloy plates to be welded are placed on numerical control table, NC table according to the form of docking and are fixed, it is desirable to be right
Seam gap is less than 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the distance of ultrasonic vibration tool head distance weld zone is 20-50mm, ultrasonic
The contact pressure of ripple vibration tool head and aluminium alloy plate to be welded controls between 0.2-0.6MPa；
Step 3: open supersonic generator, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head steady operation；
Step 4: laser welding system is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas, and MIG welding gun is connected with arc-welding machine, arc-welding
Machine is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas, and wherein, the first welding gas is the argon of the helium+80% of volume ratio 20%,
Second welding gas is argon；Use laser instrument emission pulse laser bundle, the incline direction of pulse laser beam and laser scanning
Direction is identical, uses the electric arc that MIG power supply produces, by ultrasonic vibration tool head, pulse laser beam and MIG simultaneously
Welding gun carries out ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, and MIG welding gun is DC reverse connection pattern；During welding, arteries and veins
The position of laser beam and MIG welding gun keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate to be welded,
Weld seam is realized by the movement of aluminium alloy plate to be welded；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser beam exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam and MIG welding gun terminates completely, turns off supersonic generator, whole
Ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Further, in step 3, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration tool head is 5-10 μm, shaking of ultrasonic vibration tool head
Dynamic frequency is 50-200kHz.
Further, in step 4, laser facula and electric arc molten drop are 2-3mm in the spacing of surface of the work；Pulse laser
The defocusing amount of bundle is 0 to-2mm.
Further, in step 4, the electric current of MIG welding gun power supply is 220-240A, voltage is 21.2-21.6V；MIG
The type of welding gun power supply is the common source of welding current, has the minimizing power supply of short circuiting transfer splashing function, granule transition or jet
Any one in transition high-current supply.
Further, in step 4, the laser peak power of pulse laser beam is 5-6kW, pulse frequency is 300-1000Hz,
Dutycycle is 70-90%, and average laser power is 4.0-4.8kW, and spot diameter is 0.3-0.4mm；Pulse laser beam is arteries and veins
CO under punch die formula2Gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam, disc-type laser
Any one in light beam or optical-fiber laser light beam, laser instrument is connected with laser control cabinet.
Further, in step 4, the translational speed of aluminium alloy plate to be welded is that 0.8-1.0m/min, MIG welding gun send welding wire
Speed be 3.6-4.2m/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention utilizes the ultrasound wave vibration source and pulse laser that frequency is 50kHz-200kHz
-MIG composite heat power supply combines and welds aluminium alloy, i.e. draws during aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding
Enter supersonic vibration and two kinds of methods being beneficial to increase aluminum alloy welding pool mobility have been stirred in pulse, efficiently solve aluminium alloy
The problem being easily formed increased number of stomata in laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding joint.Meanwhile, supersonic vibration can also half-and-half be melted in solidification
The dendrite being initially formed in pond crushes, and increases molten bath forming core, refines weld grain size, improves Welded and connects
Head mechanical property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
In technology description, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only originally
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, also
Other accompanying drawing can be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device；
Fig. 2 is integral device layout of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of transducer in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, horn and ultrasonic vibration tool head；
Fig. 4 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection result figure of weld seam under the conditions of continuous laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding；
Fig. 5 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection result figure of weld seam under the conditions of pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding；
Fig. 6 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection of weld seam under the conditions of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding
Result figure.
In figure, 1. pulse laser beam, 2. weld seam, 3. welding wire, 4.MIG welding gun, aluminium alloy plate the most to be welded, 6. ultrasound wave shakes
Power driven tools head, 7. horn, 8. transducer, 9. transmission line, the 10. outer connected control system of supersonic generator, 11. ultrasound wave are sent out
Raw device, 12. power lines, 13. supersonic generator external power supplys, 14. laser instrument, 15. laser welding systems, 16. arc-welding machines,
17. first welding gas, 18. second welding gas, 19 laser control cabinets, 20. numerical control table, NC tables, 21. numerical control operating cabinets.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Base
Embodiment in the present invention, it is all that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise
Other embodiments, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, structure as Figure 1-3, two aluminum to be welded
Alloy sheets 5 is fixed on numerical control table, NC table 20 according to the form of docking, after pulse laser beam 1 passes through laser welding system 15,
According to the front of incident angle β to be 75 °-82 ° be radiated at aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, the first welding gas 17 is by pipeline and laser
Plumb joint 15 connects, and MIG welding gun 4 is placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded
Surface angle α is 55 °-70 °, installs welding wire 3 in MIG welding gun 4, and MIG welding gun 4 is connected with arc-welding machine 16, second
Welding gas 18 is connected with arc-welding machine 16 by pipeline；Ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is placed in the back of the body of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded
Face, two aluminium alloy plates 5 to be welded abutment joint in the middle of, ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is connected with horn 7, horn 7
Being connected with transducer 8, transducer 8 is connected with supersonic generator 11 by transmission line 9, utilizes fixing transducer 8
With the relative position of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, the mechanical vibration produced by transducer 8 by horn 7 are amplified, convergence,
And it being transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head 6, it is achieved ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is relative to the reciprocal fortune of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded
Dynamic.Supersonic generator 11 connected control system 10 outer with supersonic generator is connected, and supersonic generator 11 passes through power supply
Line 12 is connected with supersonic generator external power supply 13.
Wherein, pulse laser beam 1 is launched by laser instrument 14, and laser instrument 14 is connected with laser control cabinet 19；Numerical control work
Station 20 is connected with numerical control operating cabinet 21, and transducer 8 is ultrasonic transducer.First welding gas is volume ratio 20%
The argon of helium+80%, the second welding gas is argon.
Ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is placed in the back side of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and pulse laser beam 1 irradiates aluminum to be welded and closes
The gold front of plate 5, MIG welding gun 4 are placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, be in order to prevent Welded during
Splash and the reflection light damage to ultrasonic unit；The outer connected control system 10 of supersonic generator is used for regulating ultrasound wave and occurs
The dynamic parameter of device 11, makes the amplitude l of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 change between 5-10 μm, supersonic generator
The change of frequency f of 11 needs to change different supersonic generators 11 and realizes；Open supersonic generator external power supply
13, supersonic generator 11 and sound system are converted into mechanical vibrational energy the oscillating current of supersonic frequency, by transmission
Mechanical vibrational energy is transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 by line 9, transducer 8 and horn 7.
The present invention realizes high-frequency mechanical vibration by ultrasonic generator on aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, passes through laser simultaneously
Pulsed output mode, it is achieved the photic high-pressure metal vapour of the controllable frequency composite impact to welding pool, thus significantly
Improve the mobility of aluminum alloy welding pool, efficiently solve during aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding in molten bath
The difficult problem that portion's bubble cannot fully float.Therefore, enormously simplify originally to obtain high-quality welded joints in aluminium alloy
Aluminium alloy plate pretreatment process.
General aluminium alloy sheet weld pretreatment process is: aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded is soaked 5-8min in acetone, so
After under conditions of 40-50 DEG C, put into alkali cleaning 4-10min in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution that mass concentration is 5-8%, clear water rinses,
Placing into immersion 2-4min in the nitric acid that mass concentration is 20-30%, clear water rinses, and dries 30min at 80 DEG C.
Embodiment 1,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 10mm, model are 5083 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking
Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 35mm, ultrasonic
Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.4MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6
Amplitude l is 8 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 100kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 80 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously
Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash
Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 65 °, DLARepresent thermal source
Spacing (is also light flight lead), and i.e. laser facula and electric arc molten drop are in the space D of surface of the workLAFor 3mm.Pulse laser
The defocusing amount △ f of bundle 1 is-1mm；MIG welding gun 4 send the speed v of welding wire 3fFor 3.6m/min, MIG welding gun 4 it is
DC reverse connection pattern；During welding, the position of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, ultrasonic vibration tool
6 move back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and weld seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, treats
The movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 0.8m/min；MIG power supply is the power supply having and reducing short circuiting transfer splashing function,
The source current of MIG welding gun 4 is 220A, voltage is 21.2V；The laser peak power of pulse laser beam 1 is 6kW,
Pulse frequency is 500Hz, and dutycycle is 80%, and average laser power is 4.8kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm；Pulse
The incline direction of laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator
Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Embodiment 2,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 8mm, model are 6061 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking
Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.2mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 20mm, ultrasonic
Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.2MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6
Amplitude l is 10 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 50kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 75 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously
Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash
Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 70 °, laser facula and electricity
Arc molten drop is in the space D of surface of the workLAFor 2mm, the defocusing amount △ f of pulse laser beam 1 is-2mm；MIG welding gun 4
Send the speed v of welding wire 3fIt is DC reverse connection pattern for 4.2m/min, MIG welding gun 4；During welding, pulse laser beam 1 and
The position of MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, weldering
Seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and the movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 1.0m/min；MIG
The power supply of welding gun 4 is the common source of welding current, and the electric current of MIG welding gun 4 power supply is 240A, voltage is 21.6V；Pulse swashs
The laser peak power of light beam 1 is 5kW, and pulse frequency is 1000Hz, and dutycycle is 90%, and average laser power is
4.5kW, spot diameter is 0.4mm；The incline direction of pulse laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator
Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Example 3 in real time,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 10mm, model are 5083 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking
Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 50mm, ultrasonic
Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.6MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6
Amplitude l is 5 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 200kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 82 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously
Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash
Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 55 °, laser facula and electricity
Arc molten drop is in the space D of surface of the workLAIt is 0mm for 2mm, the defocusing amount △ f of pulse laser beam 1；MIG welding gun 4
Send the speed v of welding wire 3fIt is DC reverse connection pattern for 3.8m/min, MIG welding gun 4；During welding, pulse laser beam 1 and
The position of MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, weldering
Seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and the movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 0.9m/min；MIG
The power supply of welding gun 4 is the common source of welding current, and the electric current of MIG welding gun 4 power supply is 230A, voltage is 21.4V；Pulse swashs
The laser peak power of light beam 1 is 5kW, and pulse frequency is 300Hz, and dutycycle is 70%, and average laser power is
4.0kW, spot diameter is 0.3mm；The incline direction of pulse laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator
Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
The power supply type of gas metal-arc welding is: the common source of welding current, have the electricity reducing short circuiting transfer splashing function
Any one in source, granule transition or spray transfer high-current supply.Pulse laser beam 1 is the CO under pulse mode2
Gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam, disc-type laser beam or optical-fiber laser
Any one in light beam.
Fig. 4-5 respectively thickness 10mm, model are that the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 of 5083 is at continuous laser-MIG composite heat power supply
The X-ray nondestructive inspection result of the weld seam 2 obtained under welding condition, under the conditions of pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding；
Fig. 6 is that the X-ray of the weld seam 2 obtained under the conditions of embodiment 1 ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is lossless
Result of detection.Being clear to by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the laser output mode in laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is exported by continuous wave
When being changed into impulse wave output, it is possible to be substantially reduced the porosity in the weld seam 2 of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, but still cannot be complete
Complete solution determine aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded weld seam 2 in be easily formed the defect of pore.And be clear to by Fig. 6, use ultrasonic wave added arteries and veins
There is not gas hole defect in the weld seam 2 of the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 obtained after rushing laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, shows auxiliary
Help introducing and the transformation of laser output mode of ultrasound wave, it is possible to effectively solve in aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding
The generation of gas hole defect.
Claims (10)
1. a ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, it is characterised in that two aluminium alloys to be welded
Plate (5) is fixed on numerical control table, NC table (20) according to the form of docking, and pulse laser beam (1) passes through laser welding system
(15) afterwards, oblique illumination in the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5), MIG welding gun (4) is placed in aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5)
Front, MIG welding gun (4) is installed welding wire (3)；Ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) is placed in aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5)
The back side, two aluminium alloy plates to be welded (5) abutment joint in the middle of, ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) and horn (7)
Connecting, horn (7) is connected with transducer (8), and transducer (8) passes through transmission line (9) and supersonic generator
(11) connect, utilize the relative position of fixing transducer (8) and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5), by horn (7)
The mechanical vibration produced by transducer (8) are amplified, are converged, and are transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head (6), it is achieved super
Acoustic vibration tool heads (6) is relative to the reciprocating motion of aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5).
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device the most according to claim 1, its feature
Being, described pulse laser beam (1) oblique illumination incident angle β when the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5) is 75 °-82 °,
MIG welding gun (4) and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5) surface angle α are 55 °-70 °.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device the most according to claim 1, its feature
Being, described laser welding system (15) is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas (17), MIG welding gun (4) and arc
Welding machine (16) connects, and arc-welding machine (16) is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas (18).
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device the most according to claim 1, its feature
Being, described supersonic generator (11) connected control system (10) outer with supersonic generator is connected, and ultrasound wave occurs
Device (11) is connected with supersonic generator external power supply (13) by power line (12), described numerical control table, NC table (20)
It is connected with numerical control operating cabinet (21).
5. use ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device welding aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that specifically follow the steps below:
Step one: two aluminium alloy plates to be welded (5) are placed on numerical control table, NC table (20) according to the form of docking and are consolidated
Fixed, it is desirable to butt seam is less than 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the distance of ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) distance weld zone is 20-50mm,
The contact pressure of ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) and aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5) controls between 0.2-0.6MPa；
Step 3: open supersonic generator (11), regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) stable
Work；
Step 4: laser welding system (15) is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas (17), MIG welding gun (4) and
Arc-welding machine (16) connects, and arc-welding machine (16) is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas (18), wherein, and the first weldering
Connecing the argon that gas (17) is the helium+80% of volume ratio 20%, the second welding gas (18) is argon；Use laser
Device (14) emission pulse laser bundle (1), the incline direction of pulse laser beam (1) is identical with laser scanning direction, with
The electric arc that Shi Caiyong MIG power supply produces, by ultrasonic vibration tool head (6), pulse laser beam (1) and MIG
Welding gun (4) carries out ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, and MIG welding gun (4) is DC reverse connection pattern；
During welding, the position of pulse laser beam (1) and MIG welding gun (4) keeps constant, ultrasonic vibration tool head (6)
Moving back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5), weld seam (2) is realized by the movement of aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5)；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser beam (1) exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun (4)；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam (1) and MIG welding gun (4) terminates completely, turn off ultrasound wave and send out
Raw device (11), whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method the most according to claim 5, its feature
Being, in described step 3, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) is 5-10 μm, ultrasonic vibration tool head (6)
Frequency of vibration be 50-200kHz.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method the most according to claim 5, its feature
Being, in described step 4, laser facula and electric arc molten drop are 2-3mm in the spacing of surface of the work；Pulse laser beam (1)
Defocusing amount be 0 to-2mm.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method the most according to claim 5, its feature
Being, in described step 4, the electric current of MIG welding gun (4) power supply is 220-240A, voltage is 21.2-21.6V；MIG
The type of welding gun (4) power supply is the common source of welding current, have the minimizing power supply of short circuiting transfer splashing function, granule transition or
Any one in spray transfer high-current supply.
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method the most according to claim 5, its feature
It is, in described step 4, the laser peak power of pulse laser beam (1) is 5-6kW, pulse frequency is 300-1000Hz,
Dutycycle is 70-90%, and average laser power is 4.0-4.8kW, and spot diameter is 0.3-0.4mm；Pulse laser beam (1)
For the CO under pulse mode2Gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam, disc-type
Any one in laser beam or optical-fiber laser light beam, laser instrument (14) is connected with laser control cabinet (19).
A kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method the most according to claim 5, its feature
Being, in described step 4, the translational speed of aluminium alloy plate to be welded (5) is 0.8-1.0m/min, MIG welding gun (4)
The speed sending welding wire (3) is 3.6-4.2m/min.
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