CN105880852A - Ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and welding method thereof - Google Patents

Ultrasonically assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and welding method thereof Download PDF

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CN105880852A
CN105880852A CN201610363274.6A CN201610363274A CN105880852A CN 105880852 A CN105880852 A CN 105880852A CN 201610363274 A CN201610363274 A CN 201610363274A CN 105880852 A CN105880852 A CN 105880852A
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welding
mig
welded
laser
ultrasonic
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CN105880852B (en
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刘佳
石岩
刘双宇
刘凤德
张宏
黄根哲
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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Changchun University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K28/00—Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding
    • B23K28/02—Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
    • B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/164—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas making use of a moving fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种超声辅助脉冲激光‑MIG复合热源焊接装置及其焊接方法，属于焊接技术领域，两个待焊铝合金板按照对接的形式固定在数控工作台上，脉冲激光束通过激光焊接头后、倾斜照射在待焊铝合金板的正面，MIG焊枪置于待焊铝合金板的正面，MIG焊枪中安装焊丝；超声波振动工具头置于待焊铝合金板的背面、两个待焊铝合金板的对接缝中间，超声波振动工具头与变幅杆连接，变幅杆与换能器连接，换能器通过传输线与超声波发生器连接，实现超声波振动工具头相对于待焊铝合金板的往复运动。本发明解决了现有铝合金激光‑电弧复合热源焊接方法易导致焊缝晶粒粗大、易形成较多气孔，从而降低铝合金焊接接头强度的问题。

The invention discloses an ultrasonic-assisted pulse laser-MIG composite heat source welding device and a welding method thereof, which belong to the field of welding technology. Two aluminum alloy plates to be welded are fixed on a numerical control workbench according to the form of butt joint, and the pulse laser beam is welded by laser After the head, obliquely illuminate the front of the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, the MIG welding torch is placed on the front of the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, and the welding wire is installed in the MIG welding torch; the ultrasonic vibration tool head is placed on the back of the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, two In the middle of the butt seam of the aluminum alloy plate, the ultrasonic vibration tool head is connected to the horn, the horn is connected to the transducer, and the transducer is connected to the ultrasonic generator through a transmission line, so that the ultrasonic vibration tool head is connected to the aluminum alloy to be welded. reciprocating motion of the plate. The invention solves the problem that the existing aluminum alloy laser-arc composite heat source welding method easily leads to coarse grains of the weld seam and more pores, thereby reducing the strength of the aluminum alloy welded joint.

Description

Ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device and welding method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, relate to the ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply weldering of a kind of aluminium alloy Connection device and welding method thereof, particularly relate to magnalium series (5000 series) and al-mg-si series (6000 series) aluminum closes The welding method of gold.
Background technology
Aluminum and alloy thereof are with its good physics, chemistry and mechanical performance, important in the many of national defense industry and economic construction Field is widely used.Along with aluminum and the extensive application of aluminium alloy, aluminum and aluminum alloy solder technology are also sent out by leaps and bounds Exhibition.Based on to the improvement of conventional soldering techniques and the novel aluminum alloy solder technology of innovation, such as low frequency modulations type pulse MIC Weldering, exchange MIG weldering, the weldering of double welding gun TIG, perforation type plasma arc welding (PAW)；And high energy beam current solder technology, such as electronics Bundle weldering, CO2Laser Welding, YAG Laser Welding, Disc Laser Welding, Fiber Laser Welding etc.；With Semi-solid Stirring friction welding (FW) skill Art is all used for the research of Welded by Chinese scholars.Along with not turning off of high-power, High-performance lasers process equipment Send out, Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys technology develop quickly, at present, laser-electric arc composite heat source (as Laser-TIG composite heat power supply, Laser-plasma composite heat power supply etc.) solder technology overcome independent thermal source welding limitation, be better than traditional welding side with it Many performances of formula and be widely used, be one of the main development direction of Welded.
Due to aluminium alloy compared with active, heat-conductivity conducting is good, linear expansion coefficient is big, weld and often have pore, crackle, sting The defects such as limit, appearance of weld difference occur, and postwelding joint mechanical property declines notable.Similar with other melting welding, weld seam In hydrogen blistering be also the defect common when connecing of Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy, moisture in air and protective gas and In oxide-film, the moisture of absorption is the main cause producing weld porosity.Meanwhile, aluminium alloy usually contains lower boiling conjunction Gold element, such as: Mg and Zn etc., these alloying elements under the effect of high-energy-density thermal source easily occur evaporation and Ablation, forms magnesium pore and zinc pore.
Additionally, aluminium alloy is to CO2The reflectance of laser is up to 97%, to YAG, Disc and Fiber etc. 1 about μm The reflectance of wavelength laser is also close to 80%, and when laser action is in aluminum and aluminum alloy surface, overwhelming majority energy is reflected. So, in order to prevent the laser beam damage laser instrument and the leaded light that are reflected in Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy termination process System, usually uses laser beam to tilt certain angle incidence aluminum alloy surface.When laser beam is incident with certain angle of inclination Time, it being in heeling condition at the internal keyhole formed of aluminium alloy, liquid metal is easier to lead under the effect of self gravitation Cause subsiding of keyhole, thus easily cause being formed bubble bottom molten bath.Meanwhile, melt due to laser-arc hybrid welding in industry again The arc welding method that the depth-to-width ratio in pond is traditional is bigger, and speed of welding is high, and the volume in molten bath is little, therefore the crystallisation by cooling in molten bath Speed is exceedingly fast, and is unfavorable for the floating effusion of bubble.So, once produce in Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding of Al Alloy connects molten bath Pore is to be difficult to effusion.
Pore destroys the compactness of weld metal, weakens the net sectional area of weld seam, reduces the mechanical property of weld seam, The especially bending strength of weld seam and impact flexibility.In general pore is the major reason causing component damage so that it is mould Property reduce 40%-50%.Under alternate stress effect, the fatigue strength of weld seam is remarkably decreased simultaneously.Whether metallurgical pore is also Being air vent of craft, be mainly formed in the solidification stages in molten bath, can the bubble in liquid state molten pool escape before solidification starts in time Go out is to affect the principal element that gas hole defect is how many.
It addition, the speed of laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is fast, cause easily being formed relatively in the process of setting of welding pool Big thermograde so that weld metal condenses into thicker dendrite, thus reduces the mechanical property of joint.
For both sides problem above-mentioned during overcoming aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, The present invention gives one Plant new aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device and welding method.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, solves Existing aluminium alloy the laser-arc hybrid welding method of having determined is easily caused that weld grain is thick, be easily formed asking of increased number of stomata Topic, improves welded joints in aluminium alloy intensity.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, two Aluminium alloy plate to be welded is fixed on numerical control table, NC table according to the form of docking, after pulse laser beam passes through laser welding system, inclines Oblique illumination is in the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, and MIG welding gun is placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, installs weldering in MIG welding gun Silk；Ultrasonic vibration tool head is placed in the middle of the abutment joint of the back side of aluminium alloy plate to be welded, two aluminium alloy plates to be welded, super Acoustic vibration tool heads is connected with horn, and horn is connected with transducer, and transducer is occurred with ultrasound wave by transmission line Device connects, and utilizes the relative position of fixing transducer and aluminium alloy plate to be welded, the machine produced by transducer by horn Tool vibration is amplified, is converged, and is transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head, it is achieved ultrasonic vibration tool head is relative to aluminum to be welded The reciprocating motion of alloy sheets.
Inventive feature also resides in, and further, pulse laser beam oblique illumination enters when the front of aluminium alloy plate to be welded Firing angle β is 75 °-82 °, and MIG welding gun and aluminium alloy plate surface to be welded angle α are 55 °-70 °.
Further, laser welding system is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas, and MIG welding gun is connected with arc-welding machine, arc Welding machine is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas.
Further, supersonic generator connected control system outer with supersonic generator is connected, and supersonic generator is by electricity Source line is connected with supersonic generator external power supply, and numerical control table, NC table is connected with numerical control operating cabinet.
A kind of method of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device welding aluminum alloy, specifically according to following step Suddenly carry out:
Step one: two aluminium alloy plates to be welded are placed on numerical control table, NC table according to the form of docking and are fixed, it is desirable to be right Seam gap is less than 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the distance of ultrasonic vibration tool head distance weld zone is 20-50mm, ultrasonic The contact pressure of ripple vibration tool head and aluminium alloy plate to be welded controls between 0.2-0.6MPa；
Step 3: open supersonic generator, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head steady operation；
Step 4: laser welding system is connected by pipeline and the first welding gas, and MIG welding gun is connected with arc-welding machine, arc-welding Machine is connected by pipeline and the second welding gas, and wherein, the first welding gas is the argon of the helium+80% of volume ratio 20%, Second welding gas is argon；Use laser instrument emission pulse laser bundle, the incline direction of pulse laser beam and laser scanning Direction is identical, uses the electric arc that MIG power supply produces, by ultrasonic vibration tool head, pulse laser beam and MIG simultaneously Welding gun carries out ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, and MIG welding gun is DC reverse connection pattern；During welding, arteries and veins The position of laser beam and MIG welding gun keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate to be welded, Weld seam is realized by the movement of aluminium alloy plate to be welded；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser beam exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam and MIG welding gun terminates completely, turns off supersonic generator, whole Ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Further, in step 3, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration tool head is 5-10 μm, shaking of ultrasonic vibration tool head Dynamic frequency is 50-200kHz.
Further, in step 4, laser facula and electric arc molten drop are 2-3mm in the spacing of surface of the work；Pulse laser The defocusing amount of bundle is 0 to-2mm.
Further, in step 4, the electric current of MIG welding gun power supply is 220-240A, voltage is 21.2-21.6V；MIG The type of welding gun power supply is the common source of welding current, has the minimizing power supply of short circuiting transfer splashing function, granule transition or jet Any one in transition high-current supply.
Further, in step 4, the laser peak power of pulse laser beam is 5-6kW, pulse frequency is 300-1000Hz, Dutycycle is 70-90%, and average laser power is 4.0-4.8kW, and spot diameter is 0.3-0.4mm；Pulse laser beam is arteries and veins CO under punch die formula2Gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam, disc-type laser Any one in light beam or optical-fiber laser light beam, laser instrument is connected with laser control cabinet.
Further, in step 4, the translational speed of aluminium alloy plate to be welded is that 0.8-1.0m/min, MIG welding gun send welding wire Speed be 3.6-4.2m/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention utilizes the ultrasound wave vibration source and pulse laser that frequency is 50kHz-200kHz -MIG composite heat power supply combines and welds aluminium alloy, i.e. draws during aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding Enter supersonic vibration and two kinds of methods being beneficial to increase aluminum alloy welding pool mobility have been stirred in pulse, efficiently solve aluminium alloy The problem being easily formed increased number of stomata in laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding joint.Meanwhile, supersonic vibration can also half-and-half be melted in solidification The dendrite being initially formed in pond crushes, and increases molten bath forming core, refines weld grain size, improves Welded and connects Head mechanical property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing In technology description, the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawing in describing below is only originally Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, also Other accompanying drawing can be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device；
Fig. 2 is integral device layout of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structure for amplifying schematic diagram of transducer in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, horn and ultrasonic vibration tool head；
Fig. 4 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection result figure of weld seam under the conditions of continuous laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding；
Fig. 5 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection result figure of weld seam under the conditions of pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding；
Fig. 6 is aluminium alloy plate x-ray inspection of weld seam under the conditions of ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding Result figure.
In figure, 1. pulse laser beam, 2. weld seam, 3. welding wire, 4.MIG welding gun, aluminium alloy plate the most to be welded, 6. ultrasound wave shakes Power driven tools head, 7. horn, 8. transducer, 9. transmission line, the 10. outer connected control system of supersonic generator, 11. ultrasound wave are sent out Raw device, 12. power lines, 13. supersonic generator external power supplys, 14. laser instrument, 15. laser welding systems, 16. arc-welding machines, 17. first welding gas, 18. second welding gas, 19 laser control cabinets, 20. numerical control table, NC tables, 21. numerical control operating cabinets.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.Base Embodiment in the present invention, it is all that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under not making creative work premise Other embodiments, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding device, structure as Figure 1-3, two aluminum to be welded Alloy sheets 5 is fixed on numerical control table, NC table 20 according to the form of docking, after pulse laser beam 1 passes through laser welding system 15, According to the front of incident angle β to be 75 °-82 ° be radiated at aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, the first welding gas 17 is by pipeline and laser Plumb joint 15 connects, and MIG welding gun 4 is placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded Surface angle α is 55 °-70 °, installs welding wire 3 in MIG welding gun 4, and MIG welding gun 4 is connected with arc-welding machine 16, second Welding gas 18 is connected with arc-welding machine 16 by pipeline；Ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is placed in the back of the body of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded Face, two aluminium alloy plates 5 to be welded abutment joint in the middle of, ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is connected with horn 7, horn 7 Being connected with transducer 8, transducer 8 is connected with supersonic generator 11 by transmission line 9, utilizes fixing transducer 8 With the relative position of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, the mechanical vibration produced by transducer 8 by horn 7 are amplified, convergence, And it being transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head 6, it is achieved ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is relative to the reciprocal fortune of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded Dynamic.Supersonic generator 11 connected control system 10 outer with supersonic generator is connected, and supersonic generator 11 passes through power supply Line 12 is connected with supersonic generator external power supply 13.
Wherein, pulse laser beam 1 is launched by laser instrument 14, and laser instrument 14 is connected with laser control cabinet 19；Numerical control work Station 20 is connected with numerical control operating cabinet 21, and transducer 8 is ultrasonic transducer.First welding gas is volume ratio 20% The argon of helium+80%, the second welding gas is argon.
Ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is placed in the back side of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and pulse laser beam 1 irradiates aluminum to be welded and closes The gold front of plate 5, MIG welding gun 4 are placed in the front of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, be in order to prevent Welded during Splash and the reflection light damage to ultrasonic unit；The outer connected control system 10 of supersonic generator is used for regulating ultrasound wave and occurs The dynamic parameter of device 11, makes the amplitude l of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 change between 5-10 μm, supersonic generator The change of frequency f of 11 needs to change different supersonic generators 11 and realizes；Open supersonic generator external power supply 13, supersonic generator 11 and sound system are converted into mechanical vibrational energy the oscillating current of supersonic frequency, by transmission Mechanical vibrational energy is transferred to ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 by line 9, transducer 8 and horn 7.
The present invention realizes high-frequency mechanical vibration by ultrasonic generator on aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, passes through laser simultaneously Pulsed output mode, it is achieved the photic high-pressure metal vapour of the controllable frequency composite impact to welding pool, thus significantly Improve the mobility of aluminum alloy welding pool, efficiently solve during aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding in molten bath The difficult problem that portion's bubble cannot fully float.Therefore, enormously simplify originally to obtain high-quality welded joints in aluminium alloy Aluminium alloy plate pretreatment process.
General aluminium alloy sheet weld pretreatment process is: aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded is soaked 5-8min in acetone, so After under conditions of 40-50 DEG C, put into alkali cleaning 4-10min in the sodium hydrate aqueous solution that mass concentration is 5-8%, clear water rinses, Placing into immersion 2-4min in the nitric acid that mass concentration is 20-30%, clear water rinses, and dries 30min at 80 DEG C.
Embodiment 1,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 10mm, model are 5083 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 35mm, ultrasonic Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.4MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 Amplitude l is 8 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 100kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 80 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 65 °, DLARepresent thermal source Spacing (is also light flight lead), and i.e. laser facula and electric arc molten drop are in the space D of surface of the workLAFor 3mm.Pulse laser The defocusing amount △ f of bundle 1 is-1mm；MIG welding gun 4 send the speed v of welding wire 3fFor 3.6m/min, MIG welding gun 4 it is DC reverse connection pattern；During welding, the position of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, ultrasonic vibration tool 6 move back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and weld seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, treats The movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 0.8m/min；MIG power supply is the power supply having and reducing short circuiting transfer splashing function, The source current of MIG welding gun 4 is 220A, voltage is 21.2V；The laser peak power of pulse laser beam 1 is 6kW, Pulse frequency is 500Hz, and dutycycle is 80%, and average laser power is 4.8kW, and spot diameter is 0.3mm；Pulse The incline direction of laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Embodiment 2,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 8mm, model are 6061 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.2mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 20mm, ultrasonic Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.2MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 Amplitude l is 10 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 50kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 75 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 70 °, laser facula and electricity Arc molten drop is in the space D of surface of the workLAFor 2mm, the defocusing amount △ f of pulse laser beam 1 is-2mm；MIG welding gun 4 Send the speed v of welding wire 3fIt is DC reverse connection pattern for 4.2m/min, MIG welding gun 4；During welding, pulse laser beam 1 and The position of MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, weldering Seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and the movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 1.0m/min；MIG The power supply of welding gun 4 is the common source of welding current, and the electric current of MIG welding gun 4 power supply is 240A, voltage is 21.6V；Pulse swashs The laser peak power of light beam 1 is 5kW, and pulse frequency is 1000Hz, and dutycycle is 90%, and average laser power is 4.5kW, spot diameter is 0.4mm；The incline direction of pulse laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
Example 3 in real time,
Aluminium alloy ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG composite heat power supply welding method, specifically follows the steps below:
Step one: the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 that thickness 10mm, model are 5083 is placed in numerical control work according to the form of docking Fixed in station 20, it is desirable to butt seam is 1.5mm；
Step 2: in welding direction, the ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 distance apart from weld zone is 50mm, ultrasonic Ripple vibration tool 6 controls at 0.6MPa with the contact pressure of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded；
Step 3: open supersonic generator external power supply 13, regulates dynamic parameter, makes ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 Amplitude l is 5 μm, and the frequency of vibration f of ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 is 200kHz；
Step 4: use laser instrument 14 to launch the pulse laser beam 1 that incident angle β is 82 °, uses MIG (fusing simultaneously Pole gas shielded arc welding) power supply produce electric arc, by pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 carry out ultrasonic wave added pulse swash Light-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, MIG welding gun 4 and aluminium alloy plate 5 surface to be welded angle α are 55 °, laser facula and electricity Arc molten drop is in the space D of surface of the workLAIt is 0mm for 2mm, the defocusing amount △ f of pulse laser beam 1；MIG welding gun 4 Send the speed v of welding wire 3fIt is DC reverse connection pattern for 3.8m/min, MIG welding gun 4；During welding, pulse laser beam 1 and The position of MIG welding gun 4 keeps constant, and ultrasonic vibration tool head 6 moves back and forth relative to aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, weldering Seam 2 realizes treating by the movement of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, and the movement speed v of weldering aluminium alloy plate 5 is 0.9m/min；MIG The power supply of welding gun 4 is the common source of welding current, and the electric current of MIG welding gun 4 power supply is 230A, voltage is 21.4V；Pulse swashs The laser peak power of light beam 1 is 5kW, and pulse frequency is 300Hz, and dutycycle is 70%, and average laser power is 4.0kW, spot diameter is 0.3mm；The incline direction of pulse laser beam 1 is identical with laser scanning direction；
Step 5: after having welded, stop pulse laser exports, simultaneously closes off the power supply of MIG welding gun 4；
Step 6: after the electric arc of pulse laser beam 1 and MIG welding gun 4 terminates completely, turn off outside supersonic generator Connecing power supply 13, whole ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding process terminates.
The power supply type of gas metal-arc welding is: the common source of welding current, have the electricity reducing short circuiting transfer splashing function Any one in source, granule transition or spray transfer high-current supply.Pulse laser beam 1 is the CO under pulse mode2 Gas laser light beam, Nd:YAG Solid State Laser light beam, semiconductor laser beam, disc-type laser beam or optical-fiber laser Any one in light beam.
Fig. 4-5 respectively thickness 10mm, model are that the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 of 5083 is at continuous laser-MIG composite heat power supply The X-ray nondestructive inspection result of the weld seam 2 obtained under welding condition, under the conditions of pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding； Fig. 6 is that the X-ray of the weld seam 2 obtained under the conditions of embodiment 1 ultrasonic wave added pulse laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is lossless Result of detection.Being clear to by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the laser output mode in laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding is exported by continuous wave When being changed into impulse wave output, it is possible to be substantially reduced the porosity in the weld seam 2 of aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded, but still cannot be complete Complete solution determine aluminium alloy plate 5 to be welded weld seam 2 in be easily formed the defect of pore.And be clear to by Fig. 6, use ultrasonic wave added arteries and veins There is not gas hole defect in the weld seam 2 of the aluminium alloy plate to be welded 5 obtained after rushing laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding, shows auxiliary Help introducing and the transformation of laser output mode of ultrasound wave, it is possible to effectively solve in aluminium alloy laser-MIG hybrid laser-arc welding The generation of gas hole defect.

Claims (10)

1.一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接装置，其特征在于，两个待焊铝合金板(5)按照对接的形式固定在数控工作台(20)上，脉冲激光束(1)通过激光焊接头(15)后、倾斜照射在待焊铝合金板(5)的正面，MIG焊枪(4)置于待焊铝合金板(5)的正面，MIG焊枪(4)中安装焊丝(3)；超声波振动工具头(6)置于待焊铝合金板(5)的背面、两个待焊铝合金板(5)的对接缝中间，超声波振动工具头(6)与变幅杆(7)连接，变幅杆(7)与换能器(8)连接，换能器(8)通过传输线(9)与超声波发生器(11)连接，利用固定的换能器(8)与待焊铝合金板(5)的相对位置，通过变幅杆(7)将换能器(8)产生的机械振动放大、汇聚，并转移至超声波振动工具头(6)，实现超声波振动工具头(6)相对于待焊铝合金板(5)的往复运动。1. An ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding device is characterized in that two aluminum alloy plates (5) to be welded are fixed on the numerical control workbench (20) according to the form of butt joint, and the pulsed laser beam (1) passes through After the laser welding head (15), obliquely irradiates on the front of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded, the MIG welding torch (4) is placed on the front of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded, and the welding wire (3) is installed in the MIG welding torch (4). ); the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) is placed on the back side of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded, in the middle of the butt joints of two aluminum alloy plates (5) to be welded, the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) and the horn ( 7) connection, the horn (7) is connected with the transducer (8), the transducer (8) is connected with the ultrasonic generator (11) through the transmission line (9), and the fixed transducer (8) is connected to the The relative position of the welded aluminum alloy plate (5) amplifies and converges the mechanical vibration generated by the transducer (8) through the horn (7), and transfers it to the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6), realizing the ultrasonic vibration tool head ( 6) Reciprocating movement relative to the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接装置，其特征在于，所述脉冲激光束(1)倾斜照射在待焊铝合金板(5)的正面时入射角β为75°-82°，MIG焊枪(4)与待焊铝合金板(5)表面夹角α为55°-70°。2. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the pulsed laser beam (1) is obliquely irradiated on the front of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded, the angle of incidence is β is 75°-82°, and the included angle α between the MIG welding torch (4) and the surface of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded is 55°-70°. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接装置，其特征在于，所述激光焊接头(15)通过管道与第一焊接气体(17)连接，MIG焊枪(4)与弧焊机(16)连接，弧焊机(16)通过管道与第二焊接气体(18)连接。3. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described laser welding head (15) is connected with first welding gas (17) by pipeline, and MIG torch (4 ) is connected with the arc welding machine (16), and the arc welding machine (16) is connected with the second welding gas (18) through a pipeline. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接装置，其特征在于，所述超声波发生器(11)与超声波发生器外接控制系统(10)连接，超声波发生器(11)通过电源线(12)与超声波发生器外接电源(13)连接，所述数控工作台(20)与数控操作柜(21)连接。4. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described ultrasonic generator (11) is connected with ultrasonic generator external control system (10), and ultrasonic generator ( 11) Connect to the external power supply (13) of the ultrasonic generator through the power cord (12), and connect the numerical control workbench (20) to the numerical control operation cabinet (21). 5.采用如权利要求1所述的超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接装置焊接铝合金的方法，其特征在于，具体按照以下步骤进行：5. The method for welding aluminum alloys using an ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it is specifically carried out according to the following steps: 步骤一：将两个待焊铝合金板(5)按照对接的形式置于数控工作台(20)上加以固定，要求对接缝隙不超过1.5mm；Step 1: Place the two aluminum alloy plates (5) to be welded on the CNC workbench (20) in the form of butt joint and fix them, and the joint gap is required to be no more than 1.5 mm; 步骤二：在沿焊接方向上，超声波振动工具头(6)距离焊接区的距离为20-50mm，超声波振动工具头(6)与待焊铝合金板(5)的接触压力控制在0.2-0.6MPa之间；Step 2: Along the welding direction, the distance between the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) and the welding area is 20-50 mm, and the contact pressure between the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) and the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded is controlled at 0.2-0.6 Between MPa; 步骤三：打开超声波发生器(11)，调节动态参数，使超声波振动工具头(6)稳定工作；Step 3: Turn on the ultrasonic generator (11), adjust the dynamic parameters, and make the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) work stably; 步骤四：激光焊接头(15)通过管道与第一焊接气体(17)连接，MIG焊枪(4)与弧焊机(16)连接，弧焊机(16)通过管道与第二焊接气体(18)连接，其中，第一焊接气体(17)是体积比20％的氦气+80％的氩气，第二焊接气体(18)是氩气；采用激光器(14)发射脉冲激光束(1)，脉冲激光束(1)的倾斜方向与激光扫描方向相同，同时采用MIG电源产生的电弧，通过超声波振动工具头(6)、脉冲激光束(1)和MIG焊枪(4)进行超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接，MIG焊枪(4)为直流反接模式；焊接时，脉冲激光束(1)及MIG焊枪(4)的位置保持不变，超声波振动工具头(6)相对于待焊铝合金板(5)往复运动，焊缝(2)通过待焊铝合金板(5)的移动而实现；Step 4: the laser welding head (15) is connected with the first welding gas (17) through the pipeline, the MIG welding torch (4) is connected with the arc welding machine (16), and the arc welding machine (16) is connected with the second welding gas (18) through the pipeline ) connection, wherein the first welding gas (17) is helium+80% argon with a volume ratio of 20%, and the second welding gas (18) is argon; a laser (14) is used to emit a pulsed laser beam (1) , the inclination direction of the pulsed laser beam (1) is the same as the laser scanning direction, and the arc generated by the MIG power supply is used to conduct ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser - MIG composite heat source welding, MIG welding torch (4) is in DC reverse connection mode; during welding, the positions of pulsed laser beam (1) and MIG welding torch (4) remain unchanged, and the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) is relative to the aluminum to be welded The alloy plate (5) reciprocates, and the weld (2) is realized by the movement of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded; 步骤五：焊接完成后，停止脉冲激光束(1)输出，同时关闭MIG焊枪(4)的电源；Step 5: After the welding is completed, stop the output of the pulsed laser beam (1), and turn off the power supply of the MIG welding torch (4) at the same time; 步骤六：待脉冲激光束(1)和MIG焊枪(4)的电弧完全终止后，再关闭超声波发生器(11)，整个超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接过程结束。Step 6: After the pulsed laser beam (1) and the arc of the MIG torch (4) are completely terminated, the ultrasonic generator (11) is turned off, and the entire ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding process ends. 6.根据权利要求5所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤三中，超声波振动工具头(6)的振幅为5-10μm，超声波振动工具头(6)的振动频率为50-200kHz。6. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 3, the amplitude of ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) is 5-10 μ m, the ultrasonic vibration tool head (6) The vibration frequency is 50-200kHz. 7.根据权利要求5所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，激光光斑与电弧熔滴在工件表面的间距为2-3mm；脉冲激光束(1)的离焦量为0至-2mm。7. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 4, the distance between laser spot and arc droplet on workpiece surface is 2-3mm; The defocus of beam (1) is 0 to -2mm. 8.根据权利要求5所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，MIG焊枪(4)电源的电流为220-240A、电压为21.2-21.6V；MIG焊枪(4)电源的类型为普通焊接电源、具有减少短路过渡飞溅功能的电源、颗粒过渡或射流过渡用大电流电源中的任意一种。8. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG compound heat source welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 4, the electric current of MIG welding torch (4) power supply is 220-240A, and voltage is 21.2-21.6 V; The type of power supply for MIG welding torch (4) is any one of ordinary welding power supply, power supply with the function of reducing short-circuit transition spatter, high-current power supply for particle transition or jet transition. 9.根据权利要求5所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，脉冲激光束(1)的激光峰值功率为5-6kW、脉冲频率为300-1000Hz、占空比为70-90％，激光平均功率为4.0-4.8kW，光斑直径为0.3-0.4mm；脉冲激光束(1)为脉冲模式下的CO2气体激光光束、Nd:YAG固体激光光束、半导体激光光束、碟片式激光光束或光纤激光光束中的任意一种，激光器(14)与激光器控制柜(19)连接。9. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 4, the laser peak power of pulsed laser beam (1) is 5-6kW, pulse frequency is 300-1000Hz, duty cycle 70-90%, average laser power 4.0-4.8kW, spot diameter 0.3-0.4mm; pulsed laser beam (1) is CO 2 gas laser beam in pulsed mode, Nd:YAG Any one of solid-state laser beams, semiconductor laser beams, disk laser beams or fiber laser beams, the laser (14) is connected to the laser control cabinet (19). 10.根据权利要求5所述的一种超声辅助脉冲激光-MIG复合热源焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中，待焊铝合金板(5)的移动速度为0.8-1.0m/min，MIG焊枪(4)送焊丝(3)的速度为3.6-4.2m/min。10. A kind of ultrasonic-assisted pulsed laser-MIG composite heat source welding method according to claim 5, characterized in that, in said step 4, the moving speed of the aluminum alloy plate (5) to be welded is 0.8-1.0m/min , the speed at which the MIG welding torch (4) sends the welding wire (3) is 3.6-4.2m/min.
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