CN111482679A

CN111482679A - Ultrasonic vibration welding wire assisted gas shielded composite welding device and method

Info

Publication number: CN111482679A
Application number: CN202010229214.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邱玮珺; 姜银方; 蒋尧
Original assignee: Jiangsu University
Current assignee: Jiangsu University
Priority date: 2020-03-27
Filing date: 2020-03-27
Publication date: 2020-08-04

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for assisting gas shielded welding by ultrasonic vibration welding wires, which utilize a welding heat source (arc) for brazing or melt brazing and ultrasonic vibration in the wire feeding process, the ultrasonic vibration transfer welding wire and the heat source are acted together to melt the welding wire metal, the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic vibration removes the oxide film on the surface of the base metal of the solid welding wire, so that the liquid brazing filler metal is effectively wetted on the surface of the solid workpiece, gas generated in the welding process quickly overflows, meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibration tool head is arranged on the back of the stainless steel plate to be welded to realize the reciprocating motion of the ultrasonic vibration tool head relative to the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, preheating the workpiece and removing the oxide film on the welding surface of the workpiece, improving the spreading capability of the liquid welding wire solder, realizing fluxless soldering or melt soldering, meanwhile, crystal grains can be refined under the cavitation action of the ultrasonic waves, the formation of welding seams is improved, and the welding quality is improved. The equipment has the advantages of simple structure, flexible application and easy realization.

Description

Ultrasonic vibration welding wire assisted gas shielded composite welding device and method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal welding, and relates to a device and a method for assisting gas shielded hybrid welding by ultrasonic vibration welding wires.

Background

In the actual production of electrical switch cabinets, the technology of welding stainless steel plates is also being developed rapidly. New stainless steel welding technology based on improvements and innovations in conventional welding technology the arc brazing process of many metals requires the use of flux or coating metal to ensure the wet spreading of the liquid braze. However, the brazing flux affects the formation of welding seams and is very easy to cause defects such as air holes and inclusions; when the plating metal is adopted, the welding joint is easy to generate defects of air holes, slag inclusion and the like, and the process is complex and even difficult to realize.

At present, the Chinese patent publication No. CN101239415A discloses a welding method combining ultrasonic vibration and a welding wire feeding system, which discloses that the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted into a molten pool through the welding wire in the fusion welding process, joint tissues are refined by means of ultrasonic cavitation effect, welding seam components are uniform, and the mechanical property of the joint is improved. The method has the disadvantages that the method is only limited to the fusion welding process, and the welding wire cannot be ensured to be in close contact with a wire feeding nozzle in the welding wire feeding process, so that the ultrasonic transmission is influenced. The invention relates to a device and a method for assisting brazing flux-free brazing by using ultrasonic vibration welding wires, which is called as 'an ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary brazing flux-free brazing method' disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. 104668690A, and discloses a wire feeding process for brazing or melt brazing by using a welding heat source (laser or electric arc), wherein ultrasonic vibration is introduced into the welding wires, and an oxide film on the surface of a solid base metal is removed by using the ultrasonic vibration. The method has the disadvantages that the method is only limited in the welding wire melting welding process, and the welding wire feeding process cannot ensure that bubbles are generated when a workpiece and the welding wire are melted, so that the quality of a welding seam is influenced. The invention discloses a method for ultrasonic-assisted laser brazing (fusion) welding, which is called as a method for ultrasonic-assisted laser brazing (fusion) welding with Chinese patent publication No. CN 101195183A, and discloses a method for improving the consistency of wetting of liquid brazing filler metal by transmitting ultrasonic vibration to a weld area to be solidified by an amplitude transformer in laser brazing clad metal or laser brazing (fusion) welding dissimilar metal and promoting the flow of the molten brazing filler metal by the ultrasonic vibration, wherein the defect is that the device is complex, and the consistency of wetting of the liquid brazing filler metal is difficult to ensure for the brazing (fusion welding) of a moving heat source. After long-term research, the welding process is most stable when the end of the welding wire is in close contact with liquid metal and metal without an oxide film on the surface in brazing or melt brazing. The invention therefore proposes that the flux-free arc brazing be achieved by introducing ultrasound into the liquid metal by applying ultrasound to the welding wire, using the property of the welding wire to come into close contact with the liquid metal to remove the oxide film from the surface of the workpiece.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that the spreadability welding wire of molten solder on the surface of stainless steel is rapidly oxidized, the forming capability of a welding seam is poor and the like in the stainless steel brazing or the molten brazing process, and provides a device and a method for assisting gas shielded welding by ultrasonic vibration welding wire.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

an ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary gas shielded composite welding device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic welding gun, an ultrasonic tool head and electric welding equipment; the ultrasonic generator is externally connected with an ultrasonic tool head through a lead, the ultrasonic tool head is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic electric welding gun, and the welding wire is vibrated through ultrasonic.

Furthermore, the ultrasonic tool head comprises a vibrating head, an amplitude transformer and a transducer, wherein the transducer transmits energy to the amplitude transformer to the vibrating head, and the vibrating head is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic electric welding gun.

Furthermore, a driving wheel and a driven wheel are arranged in the ultrasonic electric welding gun, and the welding wire is driven through the driving wheel and the driven wheel.

Furthermore, a pre-tightening spring and a sliding block are further arranged on the side wall of the ultrasonic electric welding gun, the pre-tightening spring and the sliding block are pressed through a bolt, so that a welding wire is extruded, and an ultrasonic tool head is arranged on the opposite side of the pre-tightening spring and the sliding block.

Furthermore, a sealing ring and a sealing gasket are arranged in the ultrasonic electric welding gun and used for ensuring that protective gas entering the air inlet is not leaked.

Further, the ultrasonic tool head comprises a first ultrasonic tool head and a second ultrasonic tool head, wherein the first ultrasonic tool head is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic welding gun, the second ultrasonic tool head is arranged below the workpiece, and the air outlet nozzle of the ultrasonic welding gun is arranged above the workpiece.

A welding method of ultrasonic vibration welding wire assisted gas shielded composite welding utilizes a welding heat source (arc) brazing or melt brazing and ultrasonic vibration in the wire feeding process, the ultrasonic vibration transfer welding wire and the heat source are acted together to melt the welding wire metal, the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic vibration removes the oxide film on the surface of the base metal of the solid welding wire, so that the liquid brazing filler metal is effectively wetted on the surface of the solid workpiece, gas generated in the welding process quickly overflows, meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibration tool head is arranged on the back of the stainless steel plate to be welded to realize the reciprocating motion of the ultrasonic vibration tool head relative to the aluminum alloy plate to be welded, preheating the workpiece and removing the oxide film on the welding surface of the workpiece, improving the spreading capability of the liquid welding wire solder, realizing fluxless soldering or melt soldering, meanwhile, crystal grains can be refined under the cavitation action of the ultrasonic waves, the formation of welding seams is improved, and the welding quality is improved. The equipment has the advantages of simple structure, flexible application and easy realization.

Furthermore, the ultrasonic tool head is pretreated on the surface of the workpiece while the ultrasonic welding rod is welded, and the technological parameters of the ultrasonic welding rod are set as welding speed 1/min, shielding gas flow 10L/min, welding wire diameter phi 1.0-4.0mm, wire feeding speed 1.5-10m/min, ultrasonic working frequency 20-100KHz, ultrasonic transducer amplitude 1-10 μm, ultrasonic amplitude transformer amplitude 20-200 μm, wire feeding nozzle included angle 45-90 degrees with the workpiece, ultrasonic tool head 2 working frequency 100KHz, ultrasonic transducer amplitude 1-10 μm, ultrasonic amplitude transformer amplitude 20-200 μm and workpiece included angle 90 degrees.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic vibration welding wire assisted gas shielded welding apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the ultrasonic welding gun of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a microscopic view of gas shielded welding assisted by ultrasonically vibrating the welding wire 1;

FIG. 4 is a microscopic view of gas shielded welding assisted with ultrasonically vibrating the wire 2.

The reference numbers are as follows:

1-an ultrasonic generator; 2-a first ultrasonic tool head; 3-ultrasonic welding gun; 4-welding seams; 5-a second ultrasonic tool head; 6-electric welding equipment; 7-weldment tightening mechanism; 8-a workpiece; 9-a vibrating head; 10-a horn; 11-a transducer; 12-a driving wheel; 13-a gasket; 14-an air outlet; 15-a welding wire; 16-an air outlet nozzle; 17-welding torch top; 18-bolt; 19-pre-tightening the spring and the sliding block; 20-a driven wheel; 21-a sealing ring; 22-air inlet.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

The following first describes in detail embodiments according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings

The device for assisting the gas shielded welding by the ultrasonic vibration welding wire comprises electric welding equipment 6, a workpiece 8, an ultrasonic welding gun 3, a first ultrasonic tool head 2 and a super-magic wave generator 1; the welding equipment 6, the ultrasonic welding gun 3 and the workpiece 8 form a welding system; the first ultrasonic tool head 2, the second ultrasonic tool head 5 and the ultrasonic generator 1 form an ultrasonic system, and a wire feeding device in the ultrasonic welding gun 3 feeds a welding wire 15 into the welding system through a wire feeding nozzle; the ultrasonic system comprises an ultrasonic transducer 11 for converting an electric signal into mechanical vibration, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 10 for amplifying ultrasonic vibration amplitude and a wire feeding nozzle integrated with the amplitude transformer; the ultrasonic transducer is connected with an amplitude transformer which is connected with the wire feeding nozzle; the pre-tightening device comprises a bolt 18 screwed into the bottom of the amplitude transformer, a threaded hole, a pre-tightening spring 19, a sliding block in contact with the welding wire and a sliding groove; the sliding block is placed in the sliding groove, the inner wall of the sliding block is in contact with the welding wire, the pre-tightening spring is connected with the sliding block, and the bolt 18 is screwed into the threaded hole and is connected with the pre-tightening spring; in order to ensure that the ultrasonic vibration is continuously and effectively transmitted to the fed welding wire in the welding process, the bottom of the amplitude transformer is provided with a pre-tightening device, and the device changes the compression force of a pre-tightening spring by adjusting the depth of a bolt screwed into a threaded hole, so that the welding wire is ensured to be in close contact with the inner walls of the amplitude transformer and the sliding block, and the ultrasonic vibration is smoothly and continuously transmitted to the welding wire 15.

The utility model provides a method of supplementary gas shielded arc welding of ultrasonic vibration welding wire, utilizes 6 electric arc brazes or melt brazing of electric welding equipment and first ultrasonic tool head 2 at a send silk in-process, with ultrasonic vibration transfer welding wire 15 and heat source combined action under the melting welding wire metal, one end fixedly connected with breather pipe the breather pipe 22 cavity, 15 welding wire welding rods follow high temperature resistant protection mouth 16 with the inside passing of breather pipe, the other end of breather pipe 22 is connected with pay-off propulsion unit, intake pipe 22 with be equipped with sealed the pad 21 between the pay-off propulsion unit, the both sides of sealed pad 21 are equipped with clamping ring 13, the breather pipe is close to the one end of sealed pad 21 is equipped with air vent 22, has realized that ultrasonic vibration's cavitation effect gets rid of the oxide film on solid-state welding wire base metal surface to the problem of welding wire welding rod melting end rapid oxidation has been solved, has made liquid brazing, thereby forming a high quality weld.

Gas generated in the welding process quickly overflows, meanwhile, the second ultrasonic tool head 5 is arranged on the back of the workpiece 8 to be welded, reciprocating motion of the second ultrasonic tool head 5 relative to the workpiece 8 to be welded is achieved, the workpiece 8 is preheated, an oxide film on the welding surface of the workpiece 8 is removed, the spreading capacity of the liquid welding wire brazing filler metal is improved, brazing or fusion brazing without a brazing flux is achieved, meanwhile, grains can be refined through ultrasonic cavitation, the formation of a welding line is improved, and the welding quality is improved. The equipment has the advantages of simple structure, flexible application and easy realization.

The technological parameters of the ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary gas shielded welding device and the method are that the welding speed is 0.5-4m/min, the flow of the shielding gas is 5-15L/min, the diameter phi of the welding wire is 1.0-4.0mm, the wire feeding speed is 1.5-10m/min, the ultrasonic working frequency is 20-100KHz, the amplitude of an ultrasonic transducer is 1-10 mu m, the amplitude of an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is 20-200 mu m, the included angle between a wire feeding nozzle and a workpiece is 45-90 degrees, the working frequency of an ultrasonic tool head 2 is 100KHz, the amplitude of the ultrasonic transducer is 1-10 mu m, the amplitude of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is 20-200 mu m, and the included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude transformer and the workpiece is 90 degrees.

The method comprises the steps of utilizing a welding heat source (arc) to braze or melt braze and ultrasonic vibration to melt welding wire metal under the combined action of an ultrasonic vibration transmission welding wire and the heat source in the wire feeding process, removing an oxide film on the surface of a base metal of the solid welding wire through the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic vibration, effectively wetting liquid brazing filler metal on the surface of a solid workpiece, and quickly overflowing gas generated in the welding process. The equipment has the advantages of simple structure, flexible application and easy realization.

A method for assisting gas shielded welding by ultrasonic vibration welding wire has the advantages of good wetting and spreading performance of liquid brazing filler metal on the surface of a solid metal base metal, stable transition of molten drops to a welding line, thinning of welding line grains and the like besides the welding advantages of arc brazing (melt brazing). The method can realize high-quality welding under common welding conditions, and can realize plating metal brazing and dissimilar metal brazing with large difference of melting points of aluminum, steel, titanium, aluminum and the like.

Example 1: with reference to fig. 1, the ultrasonic vibration welding wire assisted gas shielded welding device is used for constructing a working platform to enable electric welding equipment 6 and a workpiece 8; an ultrasonic welding gun 3; the ultrasonic generator 1 forms a welding system; the ultrasonic generator 1 and the ultrasonic tool head 2 form an ultrasonic system; the ultrasonic welding gun consists of an ultrasonic transducer 11, an amplitude transformer 10 and an amplitude transformer 12; the vibrating head 9 is in contact with a pre-tightening device 18, the inner wall of a slider of the pre-tightening device is in contact with a welding wire, a pre-tightening spring 19 is connected with the slider, a bolt 18 is screwed into a threaded hole to be connected with a pre-tightening spring 19, the welding wire 15 moves through a driving wheel 12, and protective gas enters through an air inlet 22.

The technological parameters of the method for assisting gas shielded welding by ultrasonic vibration welding wires are that the welding speed is 0.5-4m/min, the flow of shielding gas is 5-15L/min, the diameter of the welding wire is 1.0-4.0mm, the wire feeding speed is 1.5-10m/min, the ultrasonic working frequency is 20-100KHz, the amplitude of an ultrasonic transducer is 1-10 mu m, the amplitude of an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is 20-200 mu m, and the included angle between a wire feeding nozzle and a workpiece is 15-45 degrees.

Example 1: with reference to fig. 3, the ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary gas shielded welding method is suitable for I-type, Y-type, V-type and X-type welding seam forms, and joints can be in butt joint, lap joint, edge curling and other structures. In the welding process, the welding wire and the liquid metal are always kept in stable close contact, and the ultrasonic vibration is continuously transmitted to the molten brazing filler metal.

Example 2: when the ultrasonic vibration welding wire is adopted to assist gas shielded welding in combination with the graph of fig. 4, the action angle of the ultrasonic vibration welding wire and a welding line is 15 degrees, the working frequency is 20HZ, other process parameters are consistent with those of common gas shielded welding, the welding surface and the section appearance are shown in fig. 3, and comparison between the graph of fig. 3 and the graph of fig. 4 shows that under the action of the ultrasonic vibration welding wire and the welding line, the molten welding wire can be spread to the bottom and two sides of the welding line at the same time, so that the weld line fusion width and the fusion penetration type are increased, the weld line residual height is reduced, meanwhile, the crystal force can be refined due to the high frequency of the ultrasonic wave, the tensile strength of the welding line is improved, the welding line is generally broken from a fusion area during stretching.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. The device for assisting the gas shielded composite welding by the ultrasonic vibration welding wire is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic generator (1), an ultrasonic electric welding gun (3), an ultrasonic tool head and electric welding equipment (6); the ultrasonic generator (1) is externally connected with an ultrasonic tool head through a lead, the ultrasonic tool head is arranged on one side of the ultrasonic electric welding gun (3), and the welding wire (15) is vibrated through ultrasonic.

2. The ultrasonically vibrating welding wire assisted gas shielded composite welding device as defined in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic tool head comprises a vibrating head (9), a horn (10) and a transducer (11), the transducer (11) transmitting the energy to the vibrating head (9) from the horn (10), the vibrating head (9) being disposed on one side of the ultrasonic welding gun (3).

3. An apparatus for ultrasonically vibrating a welding wire for assisting gas shielded compound welding as defined in claim 1, wherein a driving wheel (12) and a driven wheel (20) are provided in the ultrasonic welding gun (3), and the welding wire (15) is driven by the driving wheel (12) and the driven wheel (20).

4. The device for assisting gas shielded hybrid welding with ultrasonic vibrating welding wire according to claim 3, characterized in that the ultrasonic welding gun (3) is further provided with a pre-tightening spring and a slide block (19) on the side wall, the pre-tightening spring and the slide block (19) are pressed through a bolt (18) so as to extrude the welding wire (15), and an ultrasonic tool head is arranged on the opposite side of the pre-tightening spring and the slide block (19).

5. The ultrasonically vibrating welding wire assisted gas shielded composite welding device as recited in claim 1, wherein a sealing ring (21) and a sealing gasket (13) are provided in the ultrasonic welding gun (3) for ensuring that the shielding gas introduced from the gas inlet (22) does not leak.

6. The ultrasonically vibrating wire assisted gas shielded composite welding apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic tool head comprises a first ultrasonic tool head (2) and a second ultrasonic tool head (5), wherein the first ultrasonic tool head (2) is disposed on one side of the ultrasonic welding gun (3), the second ultrasonic tool head (5) is disposed below the workpiece (8), and the gas outlet nozzle (16) of the ultrasonic welding gun (3) is disposed above the workpiece (8).

7. A welding method of ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary gas protection composite welding is characterized in that welding heat source (arc) brazing or fusion brazing and ultrasonic vibration are utilized to melt welding wire metal under the combined action of ultrasonic vibration transmission welding wire and heat source in a wire feeding process, an oxide film on the surface of a base metal of a solid welding wire is removed by the cavitation effect of ultrasonic vibration, liquid brazing filler metal is effectively wetted on the surface of a solid workpiece, gas generated in the welding process rapidly overflows, and meanwhile, an ultrasonic vibration tool head is arranged on the back of a stainless steel plate to be welded to achieve reciprocating motion of the ultrasonic vibration tool head relative to the aluminum alloy plate to be welded.

8. The welding method of the ultrasonic vibration welding wire auxiliary gas shielded composite welding according to claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic welding rod is used for welding and the ultrasonic tool head is used for pretreating the surface of the workpiece, and the technological parameters of the ultrasonic welding rod are set as welding speed 1/min, shielding gas flow rate 10L/min, welding wire diameter phi 1.0-4.0mm, wire feeding speed 1.5-10m/min, ultrasonic working frequency 20-100KHz, ultrasonic transducer amplitude 1-10 μm, ultrasonic horn amplitude 20-200 μm, angle between wire feeding nozzle and workpiece 45-90 degrees, ultrasonic tool head 2 working frequency 100KHz, ultrasonic transducer amplitude 1-10 μm, ultrasonic horn amplitude 20-200 μm and angle between ultrasonic horn and workpiece 90 degrees.