CN102744516B - Ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102744516B CN102744516B CN201210244175.8A CN201210244175A CN102744516B CN 102744516 B CN102744516 B CN 102744516B CN 201210244175 A CN201210244175 A CN 201210244175A CN 102744516 B CN102744516 B CN 102744516B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and a device. Power frequency alternating current is transformed into ultrasonic high frequency alternating current signals through an ultrasonic generator. Electric energy is transformed into ultrasonic mechanical vibration energy through a transducer. After the amplitude is further amplified through a variable amplitude bar, ultrasonic waves are conducted into materials through a toolhead from the welding areas around a stirring head for welding through the stirring head in a welding direction. Compared with the method that the variable amplitude bar of an ultrasonic transducer is coupled with the stirring head, after a system is integrated by utilizing a self designed positioning clamping appliance, the stability of a vibration system is efficiently guaranteed, two-dimensional adjustment in upper, lower, front and back directions is realized, and the distance between the toolhead and the stirring head is easily adjusted, so that the ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and the device are suitable for stirring heads with different specifications and have the advantage of wide adaptability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material joining methods, particularly Friction stir welding and device are assisted in a kind of ultrasonic vibration.
Background technology
Friction stir welding (Friction stir welding is called for short FSW) is a solid phase joining technique of Britain's institute of welding invention in 1991, have that welding deformation is little, welding quality is high and the advantage such as green non-pollution, be called as " the revolutionary interconnection technique of 21 century most ".But due in welding process, stirring-head is subject to huge axial downforce and horizontal shear force, and its speed of welding is limited, stirring-head serious wear, it is also proposed very high requirement to friction stir welding process equipment jig.Chinese scholars improves welding surroundings by the method for additional auxiliary thermal sources such as adopting portable induction coil, resistance heat, laser energy or plasma arc to do, but to have narrow application range, efficiency low or can the shortcomings such as operation parameter is few for they.
Ultrasonic wave is the one of sound wave, has the features such as frequency is high, penetration capacity is strong.Experiment prove, when ultrasonic put on material time, can change the constitutive relation of material, reduce its resistance of deformation, therefore someone proposes to improve welding surroundings by composite ultraphonic in the process of friction stir welding, thus can improve speed of welding and welding quality.Chinese patent CN 1836820A discloses a kind of welding method and device of metal, stir friction welding process is introduced in the ultrasonic vibration of axial vibration or torsional oscillation, dither is made with the agitating friction soldering tip in high-frequency mechanical vibration energy drives high-speed rotation, vibrational energy is passed to weld zone plastic metal by stirring-head, forms seam organization realize welding of metal with ultrasonic vibration with the method for friction-stir compound action.Its technical characteristics mixing needle and ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic transformer is connected as a single entity the energy of ultrasonic vibration imported to weld seam deep layer, the weld seam base material plastic fluidity that " funnel-form " temperature field that the upper height formed to improving convention stir friction welding (FW) bends down is caused is poor, the shortcoming that welding quality is low, forms seam organization with ultrasonic vibration with the method for friction-stir compound action and realizes welding of metal.But this design, downforce during welding seriously hinders the ultrasonic vibration of mixing needle, and change larger to original friction stir welding machine equipment, system makes complicated, and ultrasonic vibration system will reach resonant condition with mixing needle, therefore for different-thickness workpiece, need while changing mixing needle to change the ultrasonic vibration system matched with it, bad adaptability.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of ultrasonic vibration and assist Friction stir welding, under the prerequisite of not changing existing equipment, new process on the workpiece to be welded directly ultrasonic vibration being applied to around mixing needle by servicing unit, utilize ultrasonic vibration to reduce the resistance of deformation of material, thus reach raising speed of welding, improve welding quality.Provide the welder for realizing this process simultaneously.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Friction stir welding is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, by supersonic generator, industrial-frequency alternating current is converted to superaudible high frequency ac signal, be ultrasonic mechanical vibration energy through transducer by electric energy conversion again, after ultrasonic transformer amplifies amplitude further, by tool heads from the to-be-welded region around stirring-head first by ultrasonic delivery, then stirring-head is had to weld along welding direction.
In above-mentioned technique, the preferred vibration frequency 20 ~ 100kHz of described ultrasonic transformer, amplitude 10 ~ 100 μm, tool heads is apart from 10 ~ 50 millimeters, stirring-head axis, adjustable.
The preferred 300-1000r/min of stirring-head rotating speed, speed of welding 60-400mm/min, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.02-0.2mm.
Friction stir weld device is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, comprise friction stir welding machine, supersonic generator, transducer, ultrasonic transformer, the tool heads of band stirring-head, rear three forms vibration unit, supersonic generator connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, transducer is connected with ultrasonic transformer, and ultrasonic transformer is ined succession tool heads again, and the two is all connected by studs, the ultrasonic vibration of tool heads imports the to-be-welded region of point in stirring-head front, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture and friction stir welding machine.
Described positioning fixture has various ways, and its function is fixed by vibration unit and has enough stability, can ensure on the workpiece to be welded that tool heads is pressed on around mixing needle after fixing.Wherein a kind of positioning fixture structure is as follows: comprise cuboid framework, brace, cylinder fixture, cuboid framework comprises front plate, rear plate, front plate, it is friction stir welding machine upper guard-plate between rear plate, before, latter two clamping plate are by special type studs and friction stir welding machine upper guard-plate tight fit (face contacts), a gear shaft is installed in position, front plate upper middle, a connecting piece is hung before front plate, brace there are groove and the locating slot of band tooth bar, gear shaft and the groove with tooth bar on brace form rack-and-pinion and coordinate, cylinder fixture and brace integrally welded, described brace is by fixing through the fastening bolt of locating slot and front apron.
The mode that positioning fixture also can adopt above-mentioned cuboid framework and leading screw to combine, namely carrys out with leading screw the function that alternative brace realizes up-down adjustment.
Positioning fixture also can fix a guide rail along welding direction level above baffle plate, and guide rail has slide block, and slide block combines with vertical leading screw again, realizes the adjustment of all directions.
Positioning fixture also can make above-mentioned leading screw into pinion and rack.
Described tool heads, horizontal by 30 ° of-70 ° of angles, can increase by a hinges mechanism to adjust angle in positioning fixture, also can use different braces or leading screw instead to change angle.
Described transducer adopts piezo-electric type ultrasonic transducer, and tool heads adopts the not only antiwear heat resisting but also have the material of some strength such as tool steel, titanium alloy, carbide alloy, and end face makes sphere.
The course of work of welder is as follows: first by supersonic generator, the industrial-frequency alternating current of 50Hz is converted to superaudible high frequency ac signal, be ultrasonic mechanical vibration energy through transducer by electric energy conversion again, after ultrasonic transformer amplifies amplitude further, ultrasonic wave is conducted into the to-be-welded region around mixing needle by tool heads.With positioning fixture, vibration unit and friction stir welding machine are fixed again, make it in welding process along with stirring-head is along seam forward slip to be welded, thus achieve ultrasonic wave added Friction stir welding process.The interaction energy of ultrasonic vibration and material reduces the resistance of deformation of material, improves the plastic fluidity of material, thus reaches reduction welding resistance, improves welding efficiency and welding quality, reduces the object of the requirement to agitating friction soldering equipment.The drawback simultaneously adopting the split type design of stirring-head and transducer ultrasonic transformer that the ultrasonic vibration of unitary design mixing needle can be avoided to be subject to huge downforce to hinder, and do not change existing equipment, only need add auxiliary equipment can use, vibrational system is applicable to all size stirring-head, all has good adaptability to the different thickness of slab of different materials.
The present invention is directed to the shortcoming existed in friction stir welding, design the device be directly applied to by ultrasonic wave on material, the constitutive relation of material is changed by ultrasonic wave, the resistance of deformation of material is declined, thus the welding resistance that in reduction welding process, stirring-head is subject to, improve speed of welding and welding efficiency, improve welding quality, expand the applicable scope of welding parameter.Compare with the stirring-head method of being coupled with by ultrasonic transducer ultrasonic transformer, use the positioning fixture of designed, designed by after the system integration, not only effectively can ensure the stability of vibrational system, the two-dimensional adjustment on upper and lower fore-and-aft direction can also be realized, be easy to the distance between adjustment means head and stirring-head, be applicable to the stirring-head of all size, there is adaptability widely.
Compare with normal agitation friction welding (FW), in friction stir welding, the effect of ultrasonic vibration is mainly reflected in three aspects:
(1) additionally ultrasonicly can obtain good appearance of weld under less shaft shoulder pressure, thus the requirement of friction stir welding to equipment can be reduced.
(2) additional ultrasonic can when improve speed of welding obtain good appearance of weld, contribute to improve welding efficiency.
(3) nugget district and the refinement all to some extent of heat-mechanical affected zone crystal grain in additional ultrasonic rear Microstructure of Joint, has certain positive impact to improving seam organization, contributes to the mechanical property improving weld seam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that friction stir weld device structure chart is assisted in ultrasonic vibration of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 positioning fixture structural front view;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 positioning fixture structure left view;
Fig. 4 is cuboid frame structure;
Fig. 5 is cylinder clamp structure;
Fig. 6 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 face of weld pattern;
Fig. 7 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 face of weld pattern;
Fig. 8 is the embodiment of the present invention 1 welding material nugget district heterogeneous microstructure figure;
Fig. 9 is comparative example 1 face of weld pattern;
Figure 10 is comparative example 2 face of weld pattern;
Figure 11 is comparative example 1 welding material nugget district heterogeneous microstructure figure;
Figure 12 is the location drawing of friction stir welding machine baffle;
Wherein, 1. friction stir welding machine, 2. stirring-head, 3. positioning fixture, 4. ultrasonic transformer, 5. tool heads, 6. butt-welded side seam, 7. supersonic generator, 8. transducer, 9. control panel, 10. cuboid framework, 11. braces, 12. cylinder fixtures, 13. front plates, 14. rear plates, the groove of 15. band tooth bars, 16. locating slots, 17. gear shafts, 18. fastening bolts, 19. studs, 20. baffle plates.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
Friction stir weld device is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, comprise friction stir welding machine 1, supersonic generator 7, transducer 8, ultrasonic transformer 4, the tool heads 5 of band stirring-head 2, supersonic generator 7 connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, vibration unit comprises transducer 8, ultrasonic transformer 4, tool heads 5, transducer is ined succession ultrasonic transformer, ultrasonic transformer is ined succession tool heads again, the two is all connected by studs, the ultrasonic vibration of tool heads imports the to-be-welded region of point in stirring-head front, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 3 and friction stir welding machine 1.
Described positioning fixture comprises cuboid framework 10, brace 11, cylinder fixture 12, cuboid framework 10 comprises front plate 13, rear plate 14, front plate 13, it is friction stir welding machine 1 upper guard-plate 20 between rear plate 14, before, latter two clamping plate closely cooperate (face contacts) by special type studs 19 with friction stir welding machine 1 upper guard-plate, a gear shaft 17 is installed in position, front plate 13 upper middle, front plate 13 hangs a connecting piece 11 above, brace 11 there are groove 15 and the locating slot 16 of band tooth bar, gear shaft 17 coordinates with the groove 15 formative gear tooth bar with tooth bar on brace 11, cylinder fixture 12 is integrally welded with brace 11, described brace 11 is by fixing through the fastening bolt 18 of locating slot 16 and front apron 13.
Described tool heads 5 is horizontal by 50 ° of angles.
Front plate 13, rear plate 14 and four special type studs 19 form a cuboid framework 10, are inside also formed by one piece of baffle-plate-sleeve in front on stirring-head on friction stir welding machine 1 and closely cooperate.Move the two-dimensional adjustment that whole framework realizes in horizontal direction all around, withstand on baffle plate with bolt through front and back two clamping plates respectively after moving to correct position, realize fixing.The gear shaft 17 that front plate 13 is installed coordinates with the groove 15 formative gear tooth bar of band tooth bar, by the gear (being arranged on front plate) on turning gear wheel shaft, can up-down adjustment cylinder fixture 12, and realize third dimension adjustment.After being adjusted to desired location, fastening bolt 18 being tightened on front plate through after locating slot, cylinder fixture can be compressed, thus realize the fixing of vibration unit.
Friction stir welding is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, use the present embodiment device, by supersonic generator, industrial-frequency alternating current is converted to superaudible high frequency ac signal, be ultrasonic mechanical vibration energy through transducer by electric energy conversion again, after ultrasonic transformer amplifies amplitude further, by tool heads from the to-be-welded region around stirring-head first by ultrasonic delivery, adopt the 2A12 Welded material of 200 × 60 × 6mm, the vibration frequency 20kHz of ultrasonic transformer, amplitude 40 μm, open friction stir welding machine stirring-head and supersonic generator, butt welding is carried out along welding direction, stirring-head rotational speed omega=600r/min, speed of welding v=80mm/min, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05mm.
Embodiment 2
Friction stir weld device is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, comprise friction stir welding machine 1, supersonic generator 7, transducer 8, the vibration unit of band stirring-head 2, supersonic generator 7 connects vibration unit by transducer 8, vibration unit comprises ultrasonic transformer 4, ultrasonic transformer 4 is ined succession below tool heads 5, the ultrasonic vibration of tool heads 5 imports the to-be-welded region of point in stirring-head front, and vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture 3 and friction stir welding machine 1.
Described positioning fixture comprises cuboid framework 10, leading screw, cylinder fixture 12, cuboid framework 10 comprises front plate 13, rear plate 14, it is friction stir welding machine 1 upper guard-plate 20 between front plate 13, rear plate 14, former and later two clamping plate are by special type studs 19 and friction stir welding machine 1 upper guard-plate tight fit (face contacts), a rotor is installed in position, front plate 13 upper middle, rotor coordinates with leading screw, rotary rotor can realize moving up and down of leading screw, a cylinder fixture is welded in leading screw lower end, and other parts are identical with embodiment 1.
Friction stir weld device is assisted with the present embodiment ultrasonic vibration, adopt the 2A12 Welded material of 200 × 60 × 6mm, ultrasonic transformer vibration is driven with supersonic generator, the vibration frequency 20kHz of ultrasonic transformer, amplitude 40 μm, opens friction stir welding machine stirring-head and supersonic generator, weld along welding direction, stirring-head rotational speed omega=600r/min, speed of welding v=100mm/min, shaft shoulder volume under pressure 0.05mm.
Comparative example 1
Adopt the 2A12 Welded material of 200 × 60 × 6mm, use existing friction stir welding machine, open friction stir welding machine stirring-head, along welding direction welding, identical with embodiment 1 welding parameter, difference is not add ultrasonic.
Comparative example 2
Adopt the 2A12 Welded material of 200 × 60 × 6mm, use existing friction stir welding machine, open friction stir welding machine stirring-head, along welding direction welding, identical with embodiment 2 welding parameter, difference is not add ultrasonic.
Claims (1)
1. friction stir weld device is assisted in ultrasonic vibration, it is characterized in that, comprise the friction stir welding machine of band stirring-head, supersonic generator, transducer, ultrasonic transformer, tool heads, rear three forms vibration unit, supersonic generator connects vibration unit by signal transmssion line, transducer is connected with ultrasonic transformer, ultrasonic transformer is ined succession tool heads again, the two is all connected by studs, the ultrasonic vibration of tool heads imports the to-be-welded region of point in stirring-head front, vibration unit is fixed by positioning fixture and friction stir welding machine, be pressed on workpiece, by tool heads from the to-be-welded region around stirring-head first by the workpiece to be welded around ultrasonic delivery mixing needle, stirring-head is had to weld along welding direction again, make it in welding process along with stirring-head is along seam forward slip to be welded, tool heads is apart from 10 ~ 50 millimeters, stirring-head axis, described tool heads is horizontal by 30 ° of-70 ° of angles, described tool heads end face makes sphere, and material is tool steel, titanium alloy or carbide alloy, described positioning fixture comprises cuboid framework, brace, cylinder fixture, cuboid framework comprises front plate, rear plate, front plate, it is friction stir welding machine upper guard-plate between rear plate, before, latter two clamping plate are by special type studs and friction stir welding machine upper guard-plate tight fit, a gear shaft is installed in position, front plate upper middle, a connecting piece is hung before front plate, brace there are groove and the locating slot of band tooth bar, gear shaft and the groove with tooth bar on brace form rack-and-pinion and coordinate, cylinder fixture and brace integrally welded, described brace is by fixing through the fastening bolt of locating slot and front apron.
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Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103801815A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2014-05-21 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Power-ultrasound-assisted friction stir spot welding device and welding method |
| CN103121145B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-08-26 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of method preparing Ultra-fine Grained/nanocrystalline sheet material based on ultrasonic wave added Semi-solid Stirring friction processing technology |
| CN103894721A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Stirring friction welding method with pre-welding and post-welding dual ultrasonic synchronous vibration assisting |
| CN105108361A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-02 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Keyhole-less friction stir welding spot welding device and method |
| CN105364297A (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-03-02 | 温州大学 | Vibratory welding device |
| CN105397277A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding device and method by applying ultrasonic vibration from bottom |
| CN106238901A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-12-21 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added agitating friction weldering soldering appliance and welding method |
| CN106925883B (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | The radially superimposed formula Friction Stir Welding of large thick-wall ring increases material forming technology |
| CN106925884B (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-11-23 | 西安交通大学 | The axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology |
| CN108637467B (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2019-11-12 | 山东大学 | A kind of ultrasonic energy combined based on roller and stirring-head is laterally applied to device and method |
| CN113894406A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-01-07 | 中车洛阳机车有限公司 | Double-vibration-source ultrasonic friction stir welding processing system and welding method thereof |
| CN114535774B (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2023-03-07 | 江苏嘉一北科光学科技有限公司 | Dynamically adjustable friction stir welding device and welding method |
| CN115121932A (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2022-09-30 | 广东铭利达科技有限公司 | Aluminum alloy ultrasonic vibration assisted stirring friction welding method |
| CN116100138B (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-07-28 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and welding method |
| CN117798486B (en) * | 2024-03-01 | 2024-08-16 | 山东方大杭萧钢构科技有限公司 | Welding device for heterogeneous workpieces |
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| CN202114434U (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-01-18 | 浙江天能电池(江苏)有限公司 | Welding device universally applicable to storage battery electrode groups |
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| DE102008014320A1 (en) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Ultrasonic assisted friction stir welding |
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| JP2008110371A (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-15 | Nippon Steel Corp | Friction stir welding method and apparatus |
| CN202114434U (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-01-18 | 浙江天能电池(江苏)有限公司 | Welding device universally applicable to storage battery electrode groups |
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