CN111421221A - Friction stir butt welding device and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Friction stir butt welding device and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421221A CN111421221A CN202010375105.0A CN202010375105A CN111421221A CN 111421221 A CN111421221 A CN 111421221A CN 202010375105 A CN202010375105 A CN 202010375105A CN 111421221 A CN111421221 A CN 111421221A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 4
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir butt welding device and a processing method thereof, wherein the friction stir welding device comprises a friction stir welding mechanism, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, a workbench and a workpiece to be welded, the workbench is used for placing and fixing the workpiece to be welded, the workpiece to be welded comprises a first workpiece and a second workpiece, the first workpiece and the second workpiece are in mutual contact to form a butt interface, and the device further comprises a pulse current mechanism and an ultrasonic vibration mechanism. The invention applies ultrasonic vibration to the area of the workpiece to be welded to promote the softening of materials and plastic flow in the welding process, and can reduce the axial downward pressure and torque of the stirring head, improve the welding speed and prolong the service life of the stirring head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir butt welding device and a machining method thereof.
Background
The friction stir welding is a solid phase connection technology with high welding quality, small welding deformation and green and environment-friendly welding process. The conventional friction stir welding requires large axial pressure and torque of a stirring head to generate enough friction heat and plastic work to soften materials to form a welding seam, so that the welding speed is low, the welding load is large, the stirring head is seriously abraded, and the problem becomes more prominent particularly when high-strength and high-hardness materials are welded. In order to solve the problems, an external energy assisted friction stir welding technology is developed, namely, on the basis of conventional friction stir welding, laser heating, arc heating, induction heating, current heating, ultrasonic vibration and the like are assisted to promote material softening and plastic flow in the welding process. Various auxiliary heat sources are adopted to locally preheat the workpiece, so that the softening of materials can be effectively promoted, but the additional heat input is excessive, so that the heat affected zone of the welding seam is expanded and the crystal grains are coarsened. As a type of mechanical energy, the ultrasonic vibration can reduce the deformation resistance of a metal material under the condition of no obvious heating, and the ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding applies the ultrasound to the heat-force process of the friction stir welding by utilizing the characteristic that the ultrasonic vibration can reduce the yield stress and the rheological stress of the metal material, so that the flow of a plastic material near a stirring head is improved, the concept of low carbon and environmental protection of the friction stir welding is met, and the ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding has great development potential. At present, the ultrasonic vibration is mainly applied to 4 types of stirring heads from the transverse direction, from the axial direction, from the lateral direction and from the front of the stirring head. Tests show that by directly applying an ultrasonic vibration energy field to a workpiece to be welded in front of a stirring head, the components of a welding seam can be improved, welding defects can be reduced or eliminated, a welding process parameter window can be widened, and the performance of a joint can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a friction stir butt welding device and a machining method thereof, which have simple structure and reasonable design.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a friction stir butt welding device, includes friction stir welding mechanism, friction stir welding mechanism includes friction stir welding equipment, workstation and treats the welded workpiece, the workstation is used for placing and fixes and treats the welded workpiece, treat that the welded workpiece includes a work piece and No. two work pieces, a work piece and No. two work pieces contact each other and form the butt joint interface, and the device still includes pulse current mechanism and ultrasonic vibration mechanism.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, an insulating plate is arranged between the workbench and the workpiece to be welded and is used for isolating the workpiece to be welded from the workbench.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the friction stir welding equipment is arranged above the workbench, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment is provided with the stirring head, the stirring head is arranged above the workpiece to be welded on the surface of the workbench, the moving track of the stirring head is superposed with the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, and a welding seam can be formed at the butt joint interface during welding.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator, an output end of the ultrasonic generator is connected with an ultrasonic transducer, an output end of the ultrasonic transducer is provided with an ultrasonic amplitude rod, the ultrasonic amplitude rod is positioned at the front part of a moving track of the stirring head, the head of the ultrasonic amplitude rod is hemispherical, the ultrasonic amplitude rod is obliquely arranged, an included angle theta between the ultrasonic amplitude rod and a workpiece to be welded is 15-90 degrees.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the pulse current mechanism comprises a fixed electrode assembly, a rolling electrode assembly and a pulse power supply, wherein the fixed electrode assembly comprises a copper plate electrode arranged on the bottom surface of a butt joint interface of the workpieces to be welded, and the bottom surface of the copper plate electrode is coated with a layer of elastic insulating pad.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the rolling electrode assembly comprises an adjusting seat arranged above a workpiece to be welded, a rolling electrode is arranged at the tail end of the adjusting seat, the rolling electrode is arranged at the rear part of the moving track of the stirring head, and the rolling electrode is contacted with a welding seam formed after the workpiece is welded and moves in the area where the welding seam is located by adjusting the adjusting seat; one end of the pulse power supply is connected with the rolling electrode, and the other end of the pulse power supply is connected with the copper plate electrode.
A method of manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
step S1: sequentially placing and fixing an insulating plate, an elastic insulating pad copper plate electrode and a workpiece to be welded on the surface of a workbench, and adjusting the positions of a stirring head, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a pulse current mechanism on the workpiece to be welded;
step S2: adjusting technological parameters of the friction stir welding equipment, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the pulse current mechanism;
step S3: starting the ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the pulse current mechanism and the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head under a certain axial downward pressure, performing relative feeding motion along the direction of a butt joint interface of a workpiece to be welded, performing friction stir welding on the workpiece, performing ultrasonic vibration on the butt joint interface at the front part of the stirring head, performing pulse current action on a welding line formed at the rear part of the stirring head, and finally completing the welding operation of the workpiece
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 2-15mm, the head of the ultrasonic amplitude bar in the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the workpiece to be welded are pressed against each other, the distance L1 between the head and the stirring head is 15-40mm, and the distance L2 between the rolling electrode and the stirring head in the pulse current mechanism is 20-40 mm.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the parameters of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism in step S2 are set to have a vibration frequency of f 1-80 kHZ and an amplitude a of 10-50 μm, and the parameters of the pulse current mechanism are set to have a pulse current of rectangular square wave, a pulse current average value I of 500-2500A, a pulse width of η -5000 μ S, and a pulse frequency of f2 of 40-4000 Hz.
As a further optimized solution of the present invention, the axial downward pressure F applied to the stirring head in the step S3 is 4000--1The welding speed is v-5-60 mm·min-1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the area of the workpiece to be welded to promote the softening and plastic flow of materials in the welding process, and the axial downward pressure and torque of the stirring head can be reduced, so that the welding speed is increased, and the service life of the stirring head is prolonged;
2) compared with the ultrasonic vibration operation of the friction stir welding assisted by an external heating source such as laser heating, arc heating, induction heating and the like, the ultrasonic vibration friction stir welding is mechanical energy assisted friction stir welding, not only has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, good auxiliary effect and the like, but also avoids double thermal circulation and has better process controllability;
3) according to the invention, by applying a large-current pulse current to the welding seam, the welding seam structure can be refined, the residual stress is reduced, and the quality of a weldment is improved;
4) the welding device has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, reasonable design, convenience in implementation and wide application range, and can be used for welding low-melting-point and low-hardness metals such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like and also can be used for welding high-strength and high-melting-point dissimilar materials such as steel, titanium and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an insulating plate; 2. a first workpiece; 3. a second workpiece; 4. a stirring head; 5. an ultrasonic generator; 6. an adjusting seat; 11. an elastic insulating pad; 12. a copper plate electrode; 13. a pulse power supply; 51. an ultrasonic transducer; 52. an ultrasonic amplitude rod; 61. and rolling the electrode.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" or "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a friction stir butt welding device comprises a friction stir welding mechanism, a pulse current mechanism and an ultrasonic vibration mechanism, wherein the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, a workbench and a workpiece to be welded, the workbench is used for placing and fixing the workpiece to be welded, the workpiece to be welded comprises a first workpiece 2 and a second workpiece 3, and the first workpiece 2 and the second workpiece 3 are in mutual contact to form a butt interface; the friction stir welding device is arranged above the workbench, the output end of the friction stir welding device is provided with the stirring head 4, the stirring head 4 is arranged above the workpiece to be welded on the surface of the workbench, the moving track of the stirring head 4 and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded coincide with each other, a welding seam can be formed at the butt joint interface during welding, and the workpiece to be welded is conveniently and tightly connected into a whole.
An insulating plate 1 is further arranged between the workbench and the workpiece to be welded, and the insulating plate 1 is used for isolating the workpiece to be welded from the workbench.
The ultrasonic vibration mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator 5, an ultrasonic transducer 51 is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator 5, an ultrasonic amplitude rod 52 is arranged at the output end of the ultrasonic transducer 51, the ultrasonic amplitude rod 52 is positioned at the front part of the moving track of the stirring head 4, the head part of the ultrasonic amplitude rod is hemispherical, the ultrasonic amplitude rod 52 is obliquely arranged, the included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude rod 52 and a workpiece to be welded is theta, the included angle theta is 15-90 degrees, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism is arranged at the front part of the moving track of the stirring head 4, ultrasonic vibration is applied to a region to be welded, softening and plastic flow of materials in the workpiece in the welding process can be promoted, axial downward pressure and torque of the stirring head 4 can be reduced, the welding speed is improved, and the service life of the stirring head 4 is; in addition, compared with the auxiliary friction stir welding of an external heating source such as laser heating, electric arc heating, induction heating and the like, the ultrasonic vibration friction stir welding is mechanical energy auxiliary friction stir welding, and has the advantages of high energy conversion rate, good auxiliary effect and the like, double thermal circulation is avoided, and the process controllability is better.
The pulse current mechanism comprises a fixed electrode assembly, a rolling electrode assembly and a pulse power supply 13, wherein the fixed electrode assembly comprises a copper plate electrode 12 arranged on the bottom surface of a butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, and the bottom surface of the copper plate electrode 12 is coated with a layer of elastic insulating pad 11 so as to ensure good contact between the copper plate electrode 12 and the workpiece to be welded and the insulating plate 1. The rolling electrode assembly comprises an adjusting seat 6 arranged above a workpiece to be welded, a rolling electrode 61 is arranged at the tail end of the adjusting seat 6, the rolling electrode 61 is arranged at the rear part of the moving track of the stirring head 4, and the rolling electrode 61 is in contact with a welding line formed after the workpiece is welded and moves in the area where the welding line is located by adjusting the adjusting seat 6; one end of the pulse power supply 13 is connected with the rolling electrode 61, and the other end is connected with the copper plate electrode 12, so that a passage is formed between the copper plate electrode 12 and the rolling electrode 61, and pulse current is applied to a welding seam, thereby effectively refining the welding seam structure, reducing the residual stress and improving the quality of a workpiece.
The workpiece to be welded may be a low-melting-point and low-hardness metal material such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy, or may be a high-strength and high-melting-point dissimilar material such as steel or titanium.
A processing method of a friction stir butt welding device comprises the following steps:
step S1: sequentially placing and fixing an insulating plate 1, an elastic insulating pad 11, a copper plate electrode 12 and a workpiece to be welded on the surface of a workbench, and adjusting the positions of a stirring head 4, an ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a pulse current mechanism on the workpiece to be welded;
step S2: adjusting technological parameters of the friction stir welding equipment, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the pulse current mechanism;
step S3: starting the ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the pulse current mechanism and the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head 4 under a certain axial downward pressure, performing relative feeding motion along the direction of a butt joint interface of a workpiece to be welded, performing friction stir welding on the workpiece, performing ultrasonic vibration on the butt joint interface at the front part of the stirring head 4, performing pulse current action on a welding line formed at the rear part of the stirring head 4, and finally completing the welding operation of the workpiece.
In step S1, the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 2 to 15mm, the head of the ultrasonic amplitude bar 52 in the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the workpiece to be welded are pressed against each other, the distance L1 between the head and the stirring head 4 is 15 to 40mm, and the distance L2 between the rolling electrode 61 in the pulse current mechanism and the stirring head 4 is 20 to 40 mm.
The parameters of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism in the step S2 are set to be that the vibration frequency is f 1-80 kHZ, the amplitude a is 10-50 μm, and the parameters of the pulse current mechanism are set to be that the pulse current is rectangular square wave, the pulse current mean value I is 500-2500A, the pulse width is η -5000 μ S, and the pulse frequency is f 2-40-4000 Hz.
In the step S3, the axial downward pressure F applied to the stirring head 4 is 4000--1The welding speed is between 5 and 60 mm.min-1。
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a friction stir butt welding device, includes friction stir welding mechanism, friction stir welding mechanism includes friction stir welding equipment, workstation and treats the weldment work piece, the workstation is used for placing and fixes and treats the weldment work piece, treat the weldment work piece and include No. one work piece (2) and No. two work pieces (3), No. one work piece (2) and No. two work pieces (3) the mutual contact form butt joint interface, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a pulse current mechanism and an ultrasonic vibration mechanism.
2. A friction stir butt welding apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein: an insulating plate (1) is further arranged between the workbench and the workpiece to be welded, and the insulating plate (1) is used for isolating the workpiece to be welded from the workbench.
3. A friction stir butt welding apparatus as set forth in claim 2 wherein: the friction stir welding device is arranged above the workbench, a stirring head (4) is arranged at the output end of the friction stir welding device, the stirring head (4) is arranged above a workpiece to be welded on the surface of the workbench, the moving track of the stirring head (4) and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded coincide with each other, and a welding seam can be formed at the butt joint interface during welding.
4. A friction stir butt welding apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the ultrasonic vibration mechanism comprises an ultrasonic generator (5), an ultrasonic transducer (51) is connected to the output end of the ultrasonic generator (5), an ultrasonic amplitude rod (52) is arranged at the output end of the ultrasonic transducer (51), the ultrasonic amplitude rod (52) is located in the front of the moving track of the stirring head (4), the head of the ultrasonic amplitude rod is hemispherical, the ultrasonic amplitude rod (52) is obliquely arranged, the included angle between the ultrasonic amplitude rod and a workpiece to be welded is theta, and the included angle theta is 15-90 degrees.
5. A friction stir butt welding apparatus as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the pulse current mechanism comprises a fixed electrode assembly, a rolling electrode assembly and a pulse power supply (13), wherein the fixed electrode assembly comprises a copper plate electrode (12) arranged on the bottom surface of a butt joint interface of a workpiece to be welded, and the bottom surface of the copper plate electrode (12) is coated with a layer of elastic insulating pad (11).
6. A friction stir butt welding apparatus as set forth in claim 5 wherein: the rolling electrode assembly comprises an adjusting seat (6) arranged above a workpiece to be welded, a rolling electrode (61) is arranged at the tail end of the adjusting seat (6), the rolling electrode (61) is arranged at the rear part of the moving track of the stirring head (4), and the rolling electrode (61) is contacted with a welding seam formed after the workpiece is welded and moves in the area where the welding seam is located by adjusting the adjusting seat (6); one end of the pulse power supply (13) is connected with the rolling electrode (61), and the other end of the pulse power supply is connected with the copper plate electrode (12).
7. A method of manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step S1: sequentially placing and fixing an insulating plate (1), an elastic insulating pad (11), a copper plate electrode (12) and a workpiece to be welded on the surface of a workbench, and adjusting the positions of a stirring head (4), an ultrasonic vibration mechanism and a pulse current mechanism on the workpiece to be welded;
step S2: adjusting technological parameters of the friction stir welding equipment, the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the pulse current mechanism;
step S3: starting the ultrasonic vibration mechanism, the pulse current mechanism and the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head (4) under a certain axial downward pressure, performing relative feed motion along the direction of a butt joint interface of a workpiece to be welded, performing friction stir welding on the workpiece, performing ultrasonic vibration on the butt joint interface at the front part of the stirring head (4), performing pulse current action on a welding line formed at the rear part of the stirring head (4), and finally completing the welding operation of the workpiece.
8. The friction stir butt welding device processing method according to claim 7, wherein in step S1, the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 2-15mm, the head of the ultrasonic amplitude rod (52) in the ultrasonic vibration mechanism and the workpiece to be welded are pressed against each other, the distance L1 between the head and the stirring head (4) is 15-40mm, and the distance L2 between the rolling electrode (61) and the stirring head (4) in the pulse current mechanism is 20-40 mm.
9. The method as set forth in claim 7, wherein the ultrasonic vibration mechanism in step S2 has a vibration frequency of f 1-80 kHZ and an amplitude a of 10-50 μm, and the pulse current mechanism has a pulse current of rectangular square wave, a pulse current average value I of 500-2500A, a pulse width of η of 50-5000 μ S, and a pulse frequency of f2 of 40-4000 Hz.
10. The friction stir butt welding apparatus processing method according to claim 7, wherein: the axial downward pressure F applied to the stirring head (4) in the step S3 is 4000--1The welding speed is between 5 and 60 mm.min-1。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114535774A (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏嘉一北科光学科技有限公司 | Dynamically adjustable friction stir welding device and welding method |
| CN114713964A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2022-07-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum-magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method |
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