CN111421222B - Friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421222B CN111421222B CN202010375127.7A CN202010375127A CN111421222B CN 111421222 B CN111421222 B CN 111421222B CN 202010375127 A CN202010375127 A CN 202010375127A CN 111421222 B CN111421222 B CN 111421222B
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004093 laser heating Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material and a processing method thereof, comprising a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench comprises a fixed clamping device, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head, and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head; the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms arranged at the upper part of the gas protection mechanism; the stirring head is internally provided with a hollow placing groove. According to the invention, the laser output mechanism, the gas protection mechanism or the current heating mechanism is arranged in the stirring head of the conventional friction stir butt welding device, so that the problem of insufficient bottom softening of a to-be-welded area during surface laser heating is solved, and the axial pressure of the stirring head in the welding process can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding equipment, and particularly relates to a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material and a processing method thereof.
Background
Friction stir welding is a novel solid phase joining technique developed by the uk welding research in 1991. The principle is that a stirring head with a special shaft shoulder is inserted into a part to be welded of a welded piece in a rotating mode at a certain rotating speed, the temperature of materials in the peripheral area of the stirring head rises due to friction heat generation of the stirring head and the welded piece, a thermoplastic state is achieved, the stirring head moves forwards at a certain speed while rotating, at the moment, the heat-plasticized materials move along the rotating direction of the stirring head under the action of the stirring head, and the materials form reliable solid phase connection under the action of the shaft shoulder pressure. Friction stir welding is widely applied to welding of low-melting-point and high-performance metal materials such as aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy, avoids the defects of air holes, cracks and the like generated when the materials are welded by the traditional welding technology, enhances the quality of welding seams, reduces welding deformation and saves welding materials. However, the friction stir welding is limited by the materials for stirring heads, and has certain limitation in application to high-strength alloys with high welding difficulty such as titanium, steel, nickel and the like.
The friction stir welding process can lead the welding seam to have a certain temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the welding seam in the welding process, the temperature of the upper surface of the welding seam is highest due to the friction action of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head, the temperature is gradually reduced along the thickness direction, the temperature of the bottom end of the welding seam is lowest, and the temperature difference is increased along with the increase of the thickness of a welded object, so that the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like are easily generated at the bottom of the welding seam in the thick plate welding process, the uniformity of the mechanical property of the welding seam in the thickness direction is influenced, and the integral mechanical property of the welding seam is reduced. Therefore, friction stir welding of high-melting-point and high-strength materials such as titanium, steel, nickel and the like with large thickness becomes a difficulty at the present stage, and friction stir welding of dissimilar materials with large thickness, high-melting-point and high strength becomes more difficult.
In order to solve the friction stir welding problem of the large-thickness plate, researchers optimize and improve the friction stir welding in various aspects such as welding equipment, welding process and the like, but the effect is not very satisfactory. As disclosed in patent CN 103978304A, a friction stir welding process for thick plates is disclosed, in which symmetrical stepped grooves are formed in the thick plates, embedded strips which are identical to the plates are embedded in the pits, and butt welding between the thick plates is realized by friction stir butt welding of the thick plates with filler rods for multiple times, but the process is complex, and the main problem is that the upper filler rods and the lower filler rods are not effectively connected in the plate thickness direction, so that the upper filler rods and the lower filler rods become weak links of the whole welding piece, and the performance and the application range of the welding piece are affected. While patent CN 109483071A discloses a method for welding a large-thickness plate by laser-friction stir welding, in which the upper portion of the large-thickness plate is welded by laser welding and the lower portion is welded by friction stir welding, but the weld properties formed by the laser welding and the friction stir welding are greatly different, so that the welding properties of the thick plate in the thickness direction are inconsistent. Patent CN 109202265A discloses a heavy-duty friction stir welding robot, which is formed by serially connecting more than two parallel robots together step by step, and has serial and parallel characteristics, and a friction stir welding machine can be arranged on a headstock at the tail end of the serial robot. The hybrid robot in the technical scheme has high rigidity and strong bearing capacity, and can realize friction stir welding of workpieces with large thickness. But the hybrid robot has a complex structure and high price.
Therefore, development and design of a friction stir welding device for high-thickness, high-melting-point and high-strength dissimilar materials have important economic, social and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material and a processing method thereof, wherein the friction stir butt welding device is simple in structure and reasonable in design.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench comprises a fixed clamping device, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head, and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head;
the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms arranged at the upper part of the gas protection mechanism;
the stirring head is internally provided with a hollow placing groove.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the gas protection mechanism comprises a protection gas hood, the top end of the protection gas hood is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding equipment, the bottom of the protection gas hood is open, the top end of the protection gas hood is provided with a gas inlet pipe, and the gas inlet pipe is connected with external gas supply equipment; the top end of the protective gas cover is provided with a plurality of through holes, one through hole is used for placing a stirring head of the friction stir welding equipment, and the stirring head penetrates through the through hole, so that the stirring head is arranged in the protective gas cover; the stirring pin at the tail end of the stirring head does not exceed the bottom surface of the protective gas cover, and the bottom surface of the protective gas cover is mutually matched with the surface of the alloy plate to be welded and mutually attached.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the output ends of the second laser output mechanism are respectively penetrated in the through holes, the output ends of the second laser output mechanism output laser spots irradiate the contact interface area of the workpiece to be welded, and the output laser spots of the second laser output mechanism are positioned at the front part of the stirring head in the welding direction;
the distance between the stirring head and the second laser output mechanism is determined according to specific welding operation requirements, and the distance L=20-45 mm between the light spot action center of the second laser output mechanism and the action center of the stirring head on the welding surface.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the surface of the workbench is provided with a heat insulation plate, and the surface of the heat insulation plate is used for placing a titanium alloy plate and a nickel alloy plate to be welded.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, a first laser output mechanism is arranged outside the friction stir welding equipment, the top end of the placing groove is connected with the output end of the first laser output mechanism, laser is output into the placing groove of the stirring head through the first laser output mechanism, and the laser beam of the first laser output mechanism reaches the tail end of the placing groove;
the electric welding device is characterized in that copper core electrodes matched with the copper core electrodes are arranged in the placing grooves, the side surfaces of the copper core electrodes are wrapped with insulating sleeves, the bottoms of the copper core electrodes are in contact with stirring pins at the bottoms of stirring heads, the input ends of the copper core electrodes are connected with one ends of pulse power supplies arranged outside the friction stir welding device, insulating grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to butt joint interfaces of workpieces to be welded, of the surfaces of the heat insulating plates, elastic insulating heat insulating pads matched with the heat insulating plates are arranged in the insulating grooves, grooves are formed in the positions, corresponding to butt joint interfaces of the upper surfaces of the elastic insulating heat insulating pads and the workpieces to be welded, of the copper electrodes matched with the copper electrodes, and the input ends of the copper electrodes are connected with one ends of the pulse power supplies.
A processing method of a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises the following steps:
step S1: sequentially placing a heat insulation plate, a titanium alloy plate to be welded and a nickel alloy plate on a workbench, fixing the heat insulation plate, the titanium alloy plate to be welded and the nickel alloy plate on the workbench by using a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and other fixing clamping devices, enabling a stirring head of friction stir welding to be positioned at the right upper end of a butt joint interface of the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate, respectively irradiating the output end of a second laser output mechanism to the titanium alloy plate area and the nickel alloy plate area correspondingly, adjusting the distance between the stirring head of friction stir welding and the second laser output mechanism according to welding requirements, and finally fixing friction stir welding equipment and the second laser output mechanism;
step S2: the purity is 99.9-99.99% and the flow is 3-40 L.min through the air inlet pipe on the protective gas cover -1 The argon gas of (2) is taken as protective gas, the air inlet pipe points to the titanium alloy plate area, and simultaneously, a second laser output mechanism is started to respectively treat the titanium alloy platePreheating and softening the nickel alloy plate;
step S3: and starting friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head under the action of axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head to move in a feeding manner along the direction of a butt joint interface of the to-be-welded titanium alloy plate and the nickel-based alloy plate, and completing friction stir butt welding operation to weld the titanium alloy plate and the nickel-based alloy plate into a whole.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, in the step S1, the titanium alloy plate is arranged on the backward side of the stirring head rotating direction of the friction stir welding equipment, the nickel alloy plate is arranged on the forward side of the stirring head rotating direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate are 5-30mm; the titanium alloy plate is a TC4 titanium alloy plate or a TA2 titanium alloy plate, and the nickel alloy plate is a GH3652 nickel alloy plate or a GH4169 nickel alloy plate.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, one side of a light spot on the surface of the alloy plate, which is irradiated by the laser beam output by the second laser output mechanism, is tangent to the alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the light spot is tangent to a relative motion outline line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded;
the offset distance e=0-6 mm of the center of the stirring head to the titanium alloy side, the spot action center of the laser output by the second laser output mechanism irradiated to the surface of the alloy plate is positioned at the front part of the stirring head along the welding direction, and the distance between the two is 18-45mm; the output power of the second laser output mechanism acting on the titanium alloy plate area is 600-8500W, the spot diameter of the laser irradiated to the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism acting on the nickel alloy plate area is 500-7000W, and the spot diameter of the laser irradiated to the surface of the nickel alloy plate is 5-15mm.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the step S2 further comprises starting a first laser output mechanism, wherein the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism is 300-900W, and the laser spot diameter is 3-6mm.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the axial downward pressure F=4000-27000N applied to the stirring head in the step S3, the rotation direction of the stirring head is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=350-1500 r.min -1 Welding speed v =5-40mm·min -1 ；
The step S3 further comprises starting a pulse power supply, wherein the pulse current of the pulse power supply is rectangular square wave, the average value I of the pulse current is 500-2500A, the pulse width is eta=50-5000 mu S, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the invention, a laser heating source is respectively added on the front part of a stirring head of conventional friction stir butt welding equipment along the welding direction on the side of a workpiece of a titanium-nickel dissimilar material to be welded, two beams of focused laser with high energy density are utilized to rapidly heat and soften the surface of a region to be welded of the titanium alloy and nickel-base alloy dissimilar material, and the surface hardness of the titanium-nickel dissimilar material is reduced and is equivalent after softening by respectively controlling the output power of the laser, the size of a light spot and the action center;
2) According to the invention, the laser output mechanism is arranged in the stirring head to heat the stirring pin, the light energy of the laser beam is absorbed at the bottom end of the stirring pin to be instantly converted into heat energy and transmitted to the bottom of a welded object, so that the problem that the bottom of a to-be-welded area is not softened when only the surface laser is heated is solved, meanwhile, the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials to be welded with large thickness are softened up and down synchronously, the axial pressure of the stirring head in the welding process can be greatly reduced, the radial stress and uneven stress of the stirring pin are solved, the mutual flow and fusion of the titanium-steel dissimilar materials to be welded in the friction stir welding process are facilitated, the abrasion between the stirring head and a workpiece can be reduced, the defects of incomplete welding, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like generated at the bottom of a welding seam in the large-thickness welding process can be effectively eliminated, the uniformity of the mechanical property of the welding seam in the thickness direction is improved, the whole mechanical property of the welding seam is improved, the service life of the stirring head is greatly prolonged, and the welding speed can be improved under the same rotation speed of the stirring head, and the welding efficiency is improved;
3) The invention adopts the pulse power supply, the high-intensity pulse current passes through the stirring pin head and the weldment at the lower end of the stirring pin head, the lower end of the weldment is softened by Joule heat generated by the current, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the fluidity of the material are improved, so that the aims of reducing welding defects, refining grains, improving welding strength and reducing welding stress are achieved;
4) Compared with the common open type blowing protection, the invention not only improves the protection effect and further reduces the problems of hydrogen absorption, oxygen absorption and nitrogen absorption in the high-activity titanium friction stir welding process, but also reduces the consumption of the protection gas by arranging the protection gas cover;
5) According to the invention, the heat insulation plate is placed at the bottom of the welded titanium-nickel dissimilar material, so that the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the welded object can be reduced, the bottom of the welded object also has a sufficient softening effect, the flow and the flow quantity of the material in the welding process of the bottom area are increased, the titanium-nickel dissimilar material at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the quality of a welding seam is improved;
6) Compared with the externally applied energy such as arc, induction and the like, the laser-assisted friction stir welding has the advantages of accurate and controllable heating area, high energy utilization rate and the like;
7) The invention has simple structure, high stability, reasonable design and convenient realization, and can be used for welding titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and friction stir butt welding of other high-strength and high-melting-point dissimilar materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a first cross-sectional structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a second cross-sectional structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a first cross-sectional structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a second cross-sectional structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a heat insulating plate; 2. a titanium alloy plate; 3. a stirring head; 4. a protective gas hood; 6. a first laser output mechanism; 7. a nickel alloy plate; 11. an elastic insulating heat insulation pad; 12. copper plate electrodes; 31. a placement groove; 32. a stirring pin; 33. an insulating sleeve; 34. a copper core electrode; 41. a through hole; 42. an air inlet pipe; 43. and a second laser output mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the following detailed description is merely illustrative of the application and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, since numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application will be to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing disclosure.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality", "a number" or "a plurality" is two or more.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 and 2, a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises a workbench, a friction stir welding mechanism and a laser heating mechanism, wherein the surface of the workbench is provided with a heat insulation plate 1, the surface of the heat insulation plate 1 is used for placing an alloy plate to be welded, and the heat insulation plate 1 can reduce the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of a welded object, so that the bottom of the welded object also has a sufficient softening effect, the flow and the flow quantity of the materials in the welding process of the bottom area are increased, the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the quality of a welding line is improved. The workbench further comprises a fixing and clamping device, so that the heat insulation plate 1 and the alloy plate to be welded are conveniently fixed on the surface of the workbench, the alloy plate is conveniently welded, and the stability of a working area is kept.
The friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, wherein the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head 3 and a gas protection mechanism, and the output end of the friction stir welding equipment is used for welding alloy plates to be welded; the inside standing groove 31 that is provided with of stirring head 3, the top of standing groove 31 is connected with the output of the No. one laser output mechanism 6 that the outside set up, exports laser in the standing groove 31 to stirring head 3 through No. one laser output mechanism 6, stirring head 3's end is provided with pin 32, and the laser beam of No. one laser output mechanism 6 reaches the end of standing groove 31, and then carries out laser heating to stirring head 3 terminal pin 32, and pin 32 absorbs the heat energy of laser beam and conducts the weldment to pin 32 contact to improve friction stir welding equipment's welding quality and efficiency.
The gas protection mechanism comprises a protection gas hood 4, wherein the top end of the protection gas hood 4 is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding device, the bottom of the protection gas hood is open, the top end of the protection gas hood 4 is provided with an air inlet pipe 42, the air inlet pipe 42 is connected with external air supply equipment, and protection gas is filled into the protection gas hood 4 through the air inlet pipe 42 and is nitrogen; the top of protection gas hood 4 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 41, and one of them through-hole 41 is used for placing the stirring head 3 of friction stir welding equipment, stirring head 3 runs through this through-hole 41, makes stirring head 3 set up in the inside of protection gas hood 4 to stirring head 3 welds the alloy plate that treats under the protection of protection gas hood 4, and it is to be noted that stirring head 3 terminal pin 32 does not exceed the basal surface of protection gas hood 4, the basal surface of protection gas hood 4 cooperates each other with the alloy plate surface that treats, and laminates each other, is convenient for make closely laminate between protection gas hood 4 and the alloy plate surface that treats welding, keeps the airtight in the welding process, and can make and treat and weld the relative slip between alloy plate and the protection gas hood 4, is convenient for friction stir welding equipment carries out the welding operation to the alloy plate.
The laser heating mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms 43 arranged on the upper portion of the protective gas hood 4, the output ends of the second laser output mechanisms 43 are respectively arranged in the through holes 41 in a penetrating mode, laser spots output by the output ends of the second laser output mechanisms 43 irradiate on contact interface areas of alloy plates to be welded, the laser spots output by the second laser output mechanisms 43 are located at the front portion of the stirring head 3 in the welding direction, and the second laser output mechanisms 43 are convenient to preheat the alloy plates to be welded in advance. It should be noted that, the distance between the stirring head 3 and the second laser output mechanism 43 is determined according to the specific welding operation requirement, and generally, the distance between the light spot action center of the second laser output mechanism 43 and the action center of the stirring head 3 on the welding surface may be l=20-45 mm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material is different from embodiment 1 in that a hollow placing groove 31 is provided in the stirring head 3, a copper core electrode 34 matched with the placing groove 31 is provided in the placing groove 31, an insulating sleeve 33 is wrapped on the side surface of the copper core electrode 34, the bottom of the copper core electrode is contacted with a stirring pin 32 at the bottom of the stirring head 3, and the input end of the copper core electrode 34 is connected with one end of a pulse power supply arranged outside the friction stir welding device; the surface of the heat insulating plate 1 is provided with an insulating groove at the corresponding position of the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, an elastic insulating heat insulating pad 11 matched with the surface of the heat insulating plate is arranged in the insulating groove, a groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the butt joint interface of the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulating pad 11 and the workpiece to be welded, a copper plate electrode 12 matched with the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulating pad is arranged in the groove, the input end of the copper plate electrode 12 is connected with one end of a pulse power supply, a passage is formed between the two electrodes through the pulse power supply, the copper core electrode 34, the copper plate electrode 12 and the stirring head 3 and the workpiece to be welded, the pulse power supply outputs high-intensity pulse current, and the lower end of the workpiece to be welded is softened by Joule heat generated by the current through the stirring needle 32 and the workpiece to be welded at the bottom of the stirring needle, so that the plasticity and fluidity of the workpiece are improved, and the aims of reducing welding defects, refining grains, improving welding strength and reducing welding stress are achieved.
A method for processing a titanium-nickel dissimilar material by adopting the friction stir butt welding device prepared in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
step S1: the method comprises the steps that a heat insulation plate 1, a titanium alloy plate 2 and a nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded are sequentially placed and installed on a workbench, the heat insulation plate, the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded are fixed on the workbench through a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and other fixed clamping devices, a stirring head 3 for friction stir welding is located at the right upper end of a butt joint interface of the two alloy plates, output ends of two No. two laser output mechanisms 43 are respectively irradiated to the areas of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7, the distance between the stirring head 3 for friction stir welding and the No. two laser output mechanisms 43 is adjusted according to welding requirements, and friction stir welding equipment and the No. two laser output mechanisms 43 are finally fixed;
step S2: the purity is 99.9-99.99% and the flow is 3-40 L.min through the air inlet pipe 42 on the protective gas hood 4 -1 The gas inlet pipe 42 is directed to the area of the titanium alloy plate 2, and the first laser output mechanism 6 and the second laser output mechanism 43 are started to respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate 2, the nickel alloy plate 7 and the stirring pin 32;
step S3: starting friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head 3 under the action of axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head 3 to move in a feeding manner along the direction of a butt joint interface of the to-be-welded titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7, completing friction stir butt welding operation, and enabling the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded integrally.
If the apparatus prepared in example 2 is used to process the ti-ni dissimilar materials, the difference between the above operations is that:
step S2': the purity is 99.9-99.99% and the flow is 3-40 L.min through the air inlet pipe 42 on the protective gas hood 4 -1 The argon gas of (2) is taken as protective gas, the air inlet pipe 42 points to the area of the titanium alloy plate 2, and the second laser output mechanism 43 is started to respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate 2, the nickel alloy plate 7 and the stirring pin 32;
step S3': starting friction stir welding equipment and a pulse power supply, rotating the stirring head 3 under the action of axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head 3 to move in a relative feeding mode along the butt joint interface direction of the to-be-welded titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7, simultaneously applying high-strength pulse current to the to-be-welded workpiece through the copper core electrode 34 and the copper plate electrode 12 by the pulse power supply, softening the to-be-welded workpiece at the lower end of the welding seam, and finally completing friction stir butt welding operation to enable the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded integrally.
In the step S1, the titanium alloy plate 2 is placed on the backward side of the stirring head 3 of the friction stir welding device in the rotation direction, the nickel alloy plate 7 is placed on the forward side of the stirring head 3 in the rotation direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 are 5-30mm;
in the steps S2 and S2', the laser setting parameters of the first laser output mechanism 6 and the second laser output mechanism 43 include output power, a spot size of laser irradiated on the surface of the alloy plate and an action center, and the laser setting parameters of the second laser output mechanism 43 are determined according to an offset distance of the center of the stirring head 3 towards the titanium alloy side and a diameter of a shaft shoulder of the stirring head 3, wherein one side of the laser beam irradiated on the spot of the surface of the alloy plate is tangential to an alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the laser beam irradiated on the spot of the surface of the alloy plate is tangential to a relative motion outline line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 3 acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded, namely, the laser setting parameters are tangential to the edge of a welded seam after friction stir welding;
the offset distance e=0-6 mm of the center of the stirring head 3 to the titanium alloy side;
the spot action center of the laser output by the second laser output mechanism 43 irradiated to the surface of the alloy plate is positioned at the front part of the stirring head 3 along the welding direction, and the distance L=18-45 mm between the spot action center and the stirring head;
the output power of the second laser output mechanism 43 acting on the area of the titanium alloy plate 2 is 600-8500W, the spot diameter of the laser irradiated to the surface of the titanium alloy plate 2 is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism 43 acting on the area of the nickel alloy plate 7 is 500-7000W, the spot diameter of the laser irradiated to the surface of the nickel alloy plate is 5-15mm, the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism 6 is 300-900W, and the laser spot diameter is 3-6mm.
In the step S3, the axial downward pressure f=4000-27000N applied to the stirring head 3, the rotation direction of the stirring head 3 is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=350-1500 r·min -1 The welding speed is v=5-40 mm·min -1 。
The pulse current in the step S3' is rectangular square wave, the average value of the pulse current is I=500-2500A, the pulse width is eta=50-5000 mu S, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz.
The titanium alloy plate 2 includes, but is not limited to, a TC4 titanium alloy plate 2 and a TA2 titanium alloy plate 2, and the nickel alloy plate 7 includes, but is not limited to, a GH3652 nickel alloy plate 7 and a GH4169 nickel alloy plate 7.
Compared with the common alloy plate, the alloy plate prepared by the device has the advantages of smaller axial downward pressure of the stirring head 3, lower rotating speed of the stirring head 3, higher welding speed, longer service life of the stirring head 3, improved welding quality, and particularly the advantages of effectively eliminating the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like generated at the bottom of the welding seam, improving the uniformity of mechanical properties in the thickness direction of the welding seam, improving the integral mechanical properties of the welding seam and the like, and reducing the abrasion of the stirring head 3, particularly the head of the stirring pin 32, thereby prolonging the service life of the stirring head 3.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A processing method of a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material utilizes the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material, and the device comprises a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench comprises a fixed clamping device, and the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, and is characterized in that: the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head (3), and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head (3);
the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms (43) arranged at the upper part of the gas protection mechanism, and the second laser output mechanisms respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7);
a hollow placing groove (31) is formed in the stirring head (3);
the gas protection mechanism comprises a protection gas hood (4), the top end of the protection gas hood (4) is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding device, the bottom of the protection gas hood is open, the top end of the protection gas hood (4) is provided with a gas inlet pipe (42), and the gas inlet pipe (42) is connected with external gas supply equipment; the top end of the protective gas cover (4) is provided with a plurality of through holes (41), one through hole (41) is used for placing a stirring head (3) of the friction stir welding equipment, and the stirring head (3) penetrates through the through hole (41) so that the stirring head (3) is arranged in the protective gas cover (4); the stirring pin (32) at the tail end of the stirring head (3) does not exceed the bottom surface of the protective gas cover (4), and the bottom surface of the protective gas cover (4) is matched with the surface of the alloy plate to be welded and is mutually attached;
the output ends of the second laser output mechanism (43) are respectively arranged in the through holes (41) in a penetrating mode, laser spots output by the output ends of the second laser output mechanism (43) irradiate the contact interface area of the workpiece to be welded, and the laser spots output by the second laser output mechanism (43) are positioned at the front part of the stirring head (3) in the welding direction;
the distance between the stirring head (3) and the second laser output mechanism (43) is determined according to specific welding operation requirements, and the distance L=20-45 mm between the light spot action center of the second laser output mechanism (43) and the action center of the stirring head (3) on the welding surface;
the surface of the workbench is provided with a heat insulation plate (1), and the surface of the heat insulation plate (1) is used for placing a titanium alloy plate (2) and a nickel alloy plate (7) to be welded;
the outside of friction stir welding equipment is also provided with a first laser output mechanism (6), the top end of the first laser output mechanism (6) is connected with the output end of the first laser output mechanism (31), laser is output into the placing groove (31) of the stirring head (3) through the first laser output mechanism (6), and the laser beam of the first laser output mechanism (6) reaches the tail end of the placing groove (31);
the laser beam of the first laser output mechanism (6) reaches the tail end of the placing groove (31), so that a stirring needle (32) at the tail end of the stirring head (3) is heated by laser, and the stirring needle (32) absorbs the heat energy of the laser beam and transmits the heat energy to a welded object contacted with the stirring needle (32);
the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate (1), a titanium alloy plate (2) to be welded and a nickel alloy plate (7) on a workbench in sequence, fixing the heat insulation plate, the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7) on the workbench by using a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and other fixed clamping devices, enabling a stirring head (3) of friction stir welding to be positioned at the right upper end of a butt joint interface of the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate, respectively irradiating the output end of a second laser output mechanism (43) to the area of the titanium alloy plate (2) and the area of the nickel alloy plate (7), adjusting the distance between the stirring head (3) of friction stir welding and the second laser output mechanism (43) according to welding requirements, and finally fixing friction stir welding equipment and the second laser output mechanism (43);
step S2: the purity is 99.9-99.99% and the flow is 3-40L min through the air inlet pipe (42) on the protective air hood (4) -1 The argon gas of the (a) is used as protective gas, the air inlet pipe (42) points to the area of the titanium alloy plate (2), and the second laser output mechanism (43) is started to preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7) respectively;
step S3: starting friction stir welding equipment, rotating a stirring head (3) under the action of axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head (3) to move in a feeding manner along the butt joint interface direction of the to-be-welded titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel-based alloy plate, and completing friction stir butt welding operation to enable the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel-based alloy plate to be welded integrally.
2. The method for processing the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S1, the titanium alloy plate (2) is arranged on the backward side of the stirring head (3) of the friction stir welding equipment in the rotating direction, the nickel alloy plate (7) is arranged on the forward side of the stirring head (3) in the rotating direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7) are 5-30mm; the titanium alloy plate (2) is a TC4 titanium alloy plate (2) or a TA2 titanium alloy plate (2), and the nickel alloy plate (7) is a GH3652 nickel alloy plate (7) or a GH4169 nickel alloy plate (7).
3. The method for processing the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: one side of a laser beam output by the second laser output mechanism (43) irradiates a light spot on the surface of the alloy plate to be tangent to the alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the laser beam is tangent to a relative motion outline line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head (3) acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded;
the offset distance e=0-6 mm of the center of the stirring head (3) towards the titanium alloy side, the spot action center of the laser output by the second laser output mechanism (43) irradiated to the surface of the alloy plate is positioned at the front part of the stirring head (3) along the welding direction, and the distance between the two is 18-45mm; the output power of the second laser output mechanism (43) acting on the area of the titanium alloy plate (2) is 600-8500W, the spot diameter of laser irradiated to the surface of the titanium alloy plate (2) is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism (43) acting on the area of the nickel alloy plate (7) is 500-7000W, and the spot diameter of laser irradiated to the surface of the nickel alloy plate is 5-15mm.
4. The method for processing the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the step S2 further comprises a first laser output mechanism (6), wherein the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism (6) is 300-900W, and the laser spot diameter is 3-6mm.
5. The method for processing the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: in the step S3, the axial downward pressure F=4000-27000N applied to the stirring head (3), the rotation direction of the stirring head (3) is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=350-1500 r.min -1 The welding speed is v=5-40 mm min -1 ；
The step S3 further comprises starting a pulse power supply, wherein the pulse current of the pulse power supply is rectangular square wave, the average value I of the pulse current is 500-2500A, the pulse width is eta=50-5000 mu S, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz.
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| CN113927149A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-14 | 黄山学院 | Friction stir welding method and device for high-melting-point metal plate |
| CN115383278A (en) * | 2022-08-13 | 2022-11-25 | 广东铭利达科技有限公司 | Method for improving thermal coupling of aluminum alloy friction stir welding |
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