CN111421224B - Friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421224B CN111421224B CN202010375329.1A CN202010375329A CN111421224B CN 111421224 B CN111421224 B CN 111421224B CN 202010375329 A CN202010375329 A CN 202010375329A CN 111421224 B CN111421224 B CN 111421224B
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
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- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
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- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001094 6061 aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The application relates to a friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and a processing method thereof, comprising a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench is used for placing and fixing a workpiece to be welded, the workpiece to be welded comprises a first workpiece and a second workpiece, the first workpiece and the second workpiece are parallelly paved on the surface of the workbench, a butt joint interface is formed at the mutual contact position, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment arranged above the workbench, a stirring head of the friction stir welding equipment is positioned right above the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, and a copper plate electrode is also arranged at the bottom of the butt joint interface; the apparatus also includes a rolling electrode assembly. According to the application, the copper core electrode, the copper plate electrode and the second power supply are arranged, so that large direct current is applied to the butt joint interface of the workpiece, the workpiece is softened by virtue of Joule heat generated by the large direct current, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the fluidity of the workpiece are improved, and the purposes of prolonging the service life of the stirring head and accelerating the welding speed are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and a processing method thereof.
Background
The compound friction stir welding utilizes an auxiliary heat source to provide additional heat input for friction stir welding, thereby improving the application range and adaptability of friction stir welding. In recent years, researchers have developed laser, current, arc, induction, ultrasonic and other externally applied energy assisted friction stir welding. The current-assisted friction stir welding is an external heat energy-assisted friction stir welding technology which is invented by utilizing the phenomenon that high-intensity current can cause softening of materials. The electric current output device is additionally arranged on the traditional friction stir welding process, high-intensity electric current passes through the stirring pin and a welding piece at the lower end of the stirring pin, joule heat generated by the electric current softens the material to be welded to a certain extent, and meanwhile, the electric plasticity and the fluidity of the material are improved, so that the aims of improving the welding strength and reducing the welding stress are fulfilled.
Santos T G et al (Santos T G, miranda R M, vilacta P. Friction stir welding assisted by electrical joule effect [ J ]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2014,214 (10): 2127-21336) introduce high-intensity current to raise the root temperature for purposes of softening the material and improving the viscoplasticity of the material in order to eliminate root defects in friction stir welding, and build an analytical model for comparative analysis. It was found in the test that the temperature of the aluminum alloy increased by 200-300 c when 800A current was applied. Under the tested conditions, the lack of penetration defect is reduced from 15.53 μm without applying auxiliary current to 3.37 μm, thereby obtaining that the current increases the plasticity of the material, inhibits the lack of penetration defect and further improves the mechanical property of the weld joint.
The introduction of current assistance not only helps to solve some inherent disadvantages of conventional friction stir welding, but also provides support for friction stir welding of dissimilar materials. The current assisted friction stir welding of 6061 aluminum alloy and TRIP780 steel was investigated by the Liu X et al (Liu X, lan S, ni J. Electric assisted friction stir welding for joining Al 6061to TRIP 780steel[J ]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2015, 219:112-1239.) system. In the test, the axial welding force is obviously reduced after the current is applied, and the axial welding force is more obvious when the rotating speed is lower and the offset of the stirring head is smaller. The formation of the intermetallic compound film of the pin insertion portion is promoted while the pressing force at the pin insertion stage is reduced. The reason for this may be that the current accelerates the diffusion of molecules or reduces the activation energy of chemical reactions. Researchers also performed microstructure analysis on the weld cross section, and after 560A current was applied, the al—fe cross section had significant micro-interlocking. This phenomenon can significantly improve joint performance and weld quality. Liu X was analyzed for mechanical properties as described above and found that in order to improve the weld strength, the steel should be placed in the forward position during welding with a maximum weld strength of up to 85% of the strength of the aluminum alloy. The welding temperature can be reached more quickly after the current assistance is applied.
The friction stir welding is accelerated to soften the material by applying current to generate Joule heat and changing the electric plasticity of the material, but the welding objects of the friction stir welding are mostly metal, the resistivity is lower, the Joule effect is not obvious under weak current, and the effect can be generated by introducing extremely high-intensity current. The high-intensity current also causes the problem of excessively high energy consumption, which also hinders the large-scale popularization and application of the current-assisted friction stir welding. The resistivity of the metal is smaller, and the resistivity of the alloy is larger, so that the current-assisted friction stir welding is more suitable for high-resistivity alloy materials.
In addition, as the direct current can have a continuous heating effect on the welding area, the grains become larger, so that the performance of the welding seam can be influenced. As disclosed in patent CN 205393809U, a pulsed current assisted friction stir welding device is disclosed, which applies pulsed current to a weld joint through a current synchronous applying device, so that the weld joint structure can be thinned, the residual stress can be reduced, and the quality of a weldment can be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problems and provide a friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy and a processing method thereof, wherein the friction stir butt welding device is simple in structure and reasonable in design.
The application realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the friction stir butt welding device comprises a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench is used for placing and fixing workpieces to be welded, the workpieces to be welded comprise a first workpiece and a second workpiece, the first workpiece and the second workpiece are parallelly paved on the surface of the workbench, a butt joint interface is formed at the mutual contact position, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment arranged above the workbench, a stirring head of the friction stir welding equipment is positioned right above the butt joint interface of the workpieces to be welded, and a copper plate electrode is further arranged at the bottom of the butt joint interface; the device still includes rolling electrode assembly, rolling electrode assembly including set up in the regulation seat of workstation top, the bottom of regulation seat is provided with rolling electrode, rolling electrode set up in the rear portion of stirring head welding movement track, just rolling electrode bottom and the welding seam contact that forms after waiting to weld the work piece welding, rolling electrode's top is connected with the one end that sets up in the outside power of workstation, the other end and the one end of copper electrode of power are connected.
As a further optimization scheme of the application, a heat insulation plate is arranged between the workbench and the copper plate electrode, a placing groove is further arranged at the contact part of the heat insulation plate and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, an elastic insulating heat insulation pad matched with the placing groove is arranged in the placing groove, a rectangular groove is arranged on the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulation pad, and the copper plate electrode is embedded into the rectangular groove.
As a further optimization scheme of the application, the welding movement track of the stirring head and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded are mutually overlapped, a blind hole is formed in the stirring head, a copper core electrode is arranged in the blind hole, the side surface of the copper core electrode is wrapped by an insulating sleeve, the top end of the copper core electrode is connected with one end of a second power supply arranged outside the workbench, and the other end of the second power supply is connected with one end of the copper plate electrode.
A method of manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus for high resistivity alloys as recited in any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate, an elastic insulating heat insulation pad, a copper plate electrode and a workpiece to be welded on a workbench in sequence, fixing the workpiece to be welded on the workbench, and adjusting the positions of a stirring head and a rolling electrode on the workbench;
step S2: setting working parameters of a friction stir welding mechanism and a rolling electrode assembly;
step S3: and starting a power supply, performing softening operation on a butt joint interface below the stirring head, rotating the stirring head under axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head to move in a feeding manner along the direction of the butt joint interface, starting a rolling electrode assembly, performing pulse current action on a welded joint formed after welding, refining welded joint grains, and finally completing friction stir welding operation of a workpiece.
As a further optimization of the application, the steps are as followsS1, the workpiece to be welded is a workpiece with high resistivity, and the resistivity is more than 5 multiplied by 10 -7 Omega m, thickness delta=2-15 mm of the workpiece to be welded, rolling electrodes are arranged at the rear part of the welding moving track of the stirring head, and distance L=20-40 mm between the rolling electrodes and the stirring head.
As a further optimization scheme of the present application, the working parameters of the stirring head in the step S2 are as follows: outputting direct current, wherein the current I1=300-1500A; the pulse current of the rolling electrode is rectangular square wave, the average value I2=200-1000A of the pulse current, the pulse width is eta=50-5000 mu s, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz
As a further optimized scheme of the application, the axial downward pressure F=4000-20000N applied to the stirring head in the step S3, the rotation direction of the stirring head is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=400-1000 r.min -1 The welding speed is v=8-50 mm·min -1 。
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the application, the copper core electrode, the copper plate electrode and the second power supply are arranged, so that large direct current is applied to the butt joint interface of the workpiece, the workpiece is softened by virtue of Joule heat generated by the large direct current, and meanwhile, the plasticity and the fluidity of the workpiece are improved, thereby achieving the purposes of prolonging the service life of the stirring head and accelerating the welding speed;
2) According to the application, the high-current pulse current is applied to the weld joint, so that the weld joint structure can be thinned, the residual stress is reduced, and the quality of a weldment is improved;
3) According to the application, the insulating heat insulation plate is placed at the bottom of the welded object, so that the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the plate to be welded can be reduced, the plate bottom also has a sufficient softening effect, the flow and the flow quantity of materials in the welding process of the bottom area are increased, the materials to be welded at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the quality of a welding seam is improved;
4) The application has simple structure, high stability, reasonable design and convenient realization, and is particularly suitable for friction stir butt welding of high-resistivity alloy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present application.
In the figure: 1. a heat insulating plate; 2. a first workpiece; 3. a second workpiece; 4. a stirring head; 5. an adjusting seat; 11. an elastic insulating heat insulation pad; 12. copper plate electrodes; 13. a first power supply; 23. a butt joint interface; 41. a copper core electrode; 42. an insulating sleeve; 43. a second power supply; 51. rolling the electrode.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein it is to be understood that the following detailed description is for the purpose of further illustrating the application only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application, as various insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the application to those skilled in the art can be made in light of the foregoing disclosure.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present application and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application; in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality", "a number" or "a plurality" is two or more.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy comprises a workbench, a friction stir welding mechanism and a rolling electrode assembly, wherein the workbench is used for placing and fixing workpieces to be welded, the workpieces to be welded comprise a first workpiece 2 and a second workpiece 3, the first workpiece 2 and the second workpiece 3 are tiled on the surface of the workbench in parallel, and a butt joint interface 23 is formed at the mutual contact position; the heat insulation plate 1 is further arranged between the workpiece to be welded and the workbench, and the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the workpiece to be welded can be reduced by arranging the heat insulation plate 1, so that the bottom of the workpiece to be welded also has a sufficient softening effect, the flow and the flow quantity of materials in the bottom area of the workpiece during welding are enhanced, the bottom materials are fully mixed, the welding defects of the bottom of the workpiece are reduced, and the welding quality is improved.
The contact part of the heat insulation plate 1 and the workpiece butt joint interface 23 to be welded is also provided with a placing groove, an elastic insulating heat insulation pad 11 matched with the placing groove is arranged in the placing groove, a rectangular groove is formed in the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulation pad 11, a copper plate electrode 12 matched with the elastic insulating heat insulation pad is arranged in the rectangular groove, the copper plate electrode 12 is mutually attached to the workpiece butt joint interface 23 to be welded, and one end of the copper plate electrode 12 is connected with one end of a second power supply 43 arranged outside the workbench; the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment arranged above a workbench, a stirring head 4 of the friction stir welding equipment is arranged right above a butt joint interface 23 of a workpiece to be welded, a welding moving track of the stirring head 4 and the butt joint interface 23 of the workpiece to be welded are mutually overlapped, a blind hole is formed in the stirring head 4, a copper core electrode 41 is arranged in the blind hole, an insulating sleeve 42 is wrapped on the side surface of the copper core electrode 41, the top end of the copper core electrode 41 is connected with the other end of a second power supply 43, a passage is formed through the second power supply 43, the copper core electrode 41, the copper plate electrode 12 and the workpiece to be welded, current is transmitted to the workpiece to be welded by a stirring pin at the tail end of the stirring head 4, the workpiece is softened by Joule heat generated by heavy current, the plasticity and fluidity of the material are improved, and the purposes of prolonging the service life of the stirring head 4 and accelerating the stirring welding speed are achieved.
The rolling electrode assembly comprises an adjusting seat 5 arranged above the workbench, a rolling electrode 51 is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting seat 5, the rolling electrode 51 is arranged at the rear part of a welding moving track of the stirring head 4, the bottom of the rolling electrode 51 is in contact with a welding seam formed after a workpiece to be welded is welded, the top end of the rolling electrode 51 is connected with one end of a first power supply 13 arranged outside the workbench, the other end of the first power supply 13 is connected with one end of a copper plate electrode 12, a passage is formed through the first power supply 13, the rolling electrode 51, the workpiece to be welded and a companion electrode, and a high-current pulse current is applied to the welding seam formed after welding, so that the welding seam structure can be thinned, the residual stress is reduced, and the quality of the welded workpiece is improved.
A method of processing a friction stir butt welding apparatus for high resistivity alloys as described above, comprising the steps of:
step S1: the heat insulation board 1, the elastic insulating heat insulation pad 11, the copper plate electrode 12 and the workpiece to be welded are sequentially placed on a workbench, and are fixed on the workbench, and the positions of the stirring head 4 and the rolling electrode 51 on the workbench are adjusted;
step S2: setting working parameters of a friction stir welding mechanism and a rolling electrode assembly;
step S3: and starting a power supply, performing softening operation on a butt joint interface 23 below the stirring head 4, rotating the stirring head 4 under axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head 4 to relatively feed along the direction of the butt joint interface 23, starting a rolling electrode assembly, performing pulse current action on a welded joint, refining welding joint grains, and finally completing friction stir welding operation of a workpiece.
The workpiece to be welded in the step S1 is a workpiece with high resistivity, and the resistivity is greater than 5×10 -7 Ω m, thickness δ=2-15 mm of the workpiece to be welded, rolling electrode 51 is disposed at the rear of the welding movement track of stirring head 4, and distance l=20-40 mm between rolling electrode 51 and stirring head 4.
The working parameters of the stirring head 4 in the step S2 are as follows: outputting direct current, wherein the current I1=300-1500A; the pulse current of the rolling electrode 51 is rectangular square wave, the average value i2=200-1000A of the pulse current, the pulse width is η=50-5000 μs, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz.
The axial downward pressure f=4000-20000N applied to the stirring head 4 in the step S3, the rotation direction of the stirring head 4 is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=400-1000 r·min -1 The welding speed is v=8-50 mm·min -1 。
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the application and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the application, which are all within the scope of the application.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a processing method for friction stir butt welding device of high resistivity alloy, its characterized in that, the device includes workstation and friction stir welding mechanism, the workstation is used for placing and fixing the work piece that waits to weld, wait to weld the work piece and include work piece (2) and No. two work pieces (3), work piece (2) and No. two work pieces (3) tiling side by side are on the workstation surface, and mutual contact position forms butt joint interface (23), friction stir welding mechanism is including setting up the friction stir welding equipment in the workstation top, friction stir welding equipment's stirring head (4) are located and wait to weld butt joint interface (23) of work piece, its characterized in that: the bottom of the butt joint interface (23) is also provided with a copper plate electrode (12); the device also comprises a rolling electrode assembly, wherein the rolling electrode assembly comprises an adjusting seat (5) arranged above the workbench, a rolling electrode (51) is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting seat (5), the rolling electrode (51) is arranged at the rear part of a welding moving track of the stirring head (4), the bottom of the rolling electrode (51) is in contact with a welding seam formed after a workpiece to be welded is welded, the top end of the rolling electrode (51) is connected with one end of a first power supply (13) arranged outside the workbench, and the other end of the first power supply (13) is connected with one end of a copper plate electrode (12);
a heat insulation plate (1) is arranged between the workbench and the copper plate electrode (12), a placing groove is further formed in the contact part of the heat insulation plate (1) and a workpiece butt joint interface (23) to be welded, an elastic insulating heat insulation pad (11) matched with the placing groove is arranged in the placing groove, a rectangular groove is formed in the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulation pad (11), and the copper plate electrode (12) is embedded into the rectangular groove;
the welding moving track of the stirring head (4) is mutually overlapped with a butt joint interface (23) of a workpiece to be welded, a blind hole is formed in the stirring head (4), a copper core electrode (41) is arranged in the blind hole, an insulating sleeve (42) is wrapped on the side surface of the copper core electrode (41), the top end of the copper core electrode (41) is connected with one end of a second power supply (43) arranged outside a workbench, and the other end of the second power supply (43) is connected with one end of a copper plate electrode (12);
the processing method comprises the following steps:
step S1: a heat insulation plate (1), an elastic insulating heat insulation pad (11), a copper plate electrode (12) and a workpiece to be welded are sequentially placed on a workbench, and are fixed on the workbench, and the positions of a stirring head (4) and a rolling electrode (51) on the workbench are adjusted;
the workpiece to be welded in the step S1 is a workpiece with high resistivity, and the resistivity is more than 5 multiplied by 10 -7 Omega m, the thickness delta of the workpiece to be welded=2-15 mm, the rolling electrode (51) is arranged at the rear part of the welding movement track of the stirring head (4), and the distance L between the rolling electrode (51) and the stirring head (4) is=20-40 mm;
step S2: setting working parameters of a friction stir welding mechanism and a rolling electrode assembly;
step S3: and starting a power supply, performing softening operation on a butt joint interface (23) below the stirring head (4), rotating the stirring head (4) under axial downward pressure, enabling the stirring head (4) to move in a relative feeding manner along the direction of the butt joint interface (23), starting a rolling electrode assembly, performing pulse current action on a welded seam formed after welding, refining welding seam grains, and finally completing friction stir welding operation of a workpiece.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the working parameters of the stirring head (4) in the step S2 are as follows: outputting direct current, wherein the current I1=300-1500A; the pulse current of the rolling electrode (51) is rectangular square wave, the average value I2=200-1000A of the pulse current, the pulse width is eta=50-5000 mu s, and the pulse frequency is f=40-4000 Hz.
3. A method of manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus for high resistivity alloys according to claim 1, wherein: the axial direction to which the stirring head (4) in the step S3 is subjectedThe downward pressure F=4000-20000N, the rotation direction of the stirring head (4) is clockwise, and the rotation speed n=400-1000 r.min -1 The welding speed is v=8-50 mm min -1 。
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| US7874471B2 (en) * | 2008-12-23 | 2011-01-25 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Butt weld and method of making using fusion and friction stir welding |
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| CN101323054A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2008-12-17 | 罗键 | Electric conduction-stirring friction composite heat power supply welding method and equipment |
| CN101474718A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-07-08 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Stir friction composite welding stainless steel device with resistor heat and method thereof |
| CN101850475A (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2010-10-06 | 重庆大学 | Current loading method for current-carrying friction stir welding and equipment thereof |
| CN105127552A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-09 | 南京南车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 | Pulse current auxiliary welding device and method |
| CN212169326U (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2020-12-18 | 铜陵学院 | Friction stir butt welding device for high-resistivity alloy |
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| CN111421224A (en) | 2020-07-17 |
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