CN102896398A - Aluminum alloy arc spot welding method based on CMT (Cold Metal Transmission Welding) and welding system - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy arc spot welding method based on CMT (Cold Metal Transmission Welding) and welding system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102896398A CN102896398A CN2012103827375A CN201210382737A CN102896398A CN 102896398 A CN102896398 A CN 102896398A CN 2012103827375 A CN2012103827375 A CN 2012103827375A CN 201210382737 A CN201210382737 A CN 201210382737A CN 102896398 A CN102896398 A CN 102896398A
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Abstract
The invention provides an aluminum alloy arc spot welding method based on CMT (Cold Metal Transmission Welding) and a welding system. The method comprises the steps of: forming technical holes in aluminum alloy plates at the upper layer; overlapping the aluminum alloy plates at the upper layer on the aluminum alloy plates (without holes) at the lower layer; positioning cushion blocks below the aluminum alloy plates at the lower layer; clamping a tool to be welded and the cushion blocks through a clamping device; vertically arranging a welding gun with welding wires and a plate surface of the tool to be welded, wherein the welding wires are aligned to the centers of the technical holes; pre-pouring protective gas in a part to be welded; igniting an arc to burn the welding wires and fill the technical holes in a CMT mode; and smelting the edges of the technical holes in the aluminum alloy plates at the lower layer and the edges of the technical holes in the aluminum alloy plates at the upper layer at the same time, so as to forming fusion welding joints. The welding system comprises the welding wires, a gas cylinder, a CMT arc welding system, a robot control cabinet, a robot and the clamping device. According to the aluminum alloy arc spot welding method, the CMT technology is carried out to achieve the connection among the aluminum alloy plates in a spot welding way, and therefore, a welding technical window is raised, the welding quality and the stability of welding are improved; and the method has the advantages of being small in deformation, low in cost, simple and easy to carry out, and easy to popularize, and is applicable to the welding among aluminum alloy materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of metal solder, be specifically related to electric arc spot welding method and the welding system of a kind of aluminium alloy based on CMT and aluminium alloy, belong to welding technology field.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy density is little, specific strength is high, formability is good, has become to substitute the most widely used light metal material of traditional steel, the problem that this is connected with aluminium alloy with regard to relating to aluminium alloy in the automotive light weight technology trend.
The aluminium alloy interconnection technique mainly comprises resistance spot welding, friction stir spot welding, semitubular rivet self-piercing riveting etc.The resistance spot welding technology is widely used in the connection of the steel plate vehicle body of automobile, and aluminium alloy has the characteristics such as thermal conductivity is large, resistivity is lower, linear expansion coefficient is large, thereby energy consumption uprises when causing resistance spot welding, the electrode surface loss is very fast, it is serious that nugget is mingled with pore, the problems such as welding process produces splashes, and joint quality is unstable.Friction stir spot welding belongs to the solid phase interconnection technique, has the advantages such as the energy input is lower, distortion is less, though avoided to a certain extent the problems referred to above, welding can stay the fabrication hole spoon after finishing, thereby producing easily stress concentrates, and strength of joint is reduced; Although the backfill type stirring friction spot welding technology postwelding by Germany's invention can not stay the fabrication hole spoon, its equipment configuration is complicated, and cost and control accuracy are had relatively high expectations, and speed of welding is slow.The semitubular rivet self-piercing riveting is widely used aluminium alloy interconnection technique, it is mechanical cold forming process, this technique makes the structure that forms firm interlock between rivet and the plate, the problem that can effectively avoid aluminum alloy melting weldering process to exist, its connection has higher-strength, yet when the aluminium alloy of elongation is hanged down in riveted joint, joint cracks even embrittlement easily, and riveted joint requires during thin plate high to the rivet die modular design, rivet can make welding cost rise in addition, can virtually increase body quality simultaneously.
Find that through the retrieval to prior art Fronius has invented a kind of cold metal transfer technology of arc welding of (Cold Metal Transfer is called for short CMT) that is called based on welding (MIG).Because the CMT method makes the welding wire pumpback realize the transition of metal drop by Digital Control, the greatly reduction of technology of arc welding phase specific heat input with routine becomes a kind of aluminium alloy method of attachment that has application prospect.The method is generally used for the seam weldering at present, because the aluminium alloy wire coefficient of expansion is large, so when being used for Welded, especially joint can produce very large welding deformation when the welding thin plate, is difficult to finish well the connection of aluminium alloy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT is provided, to the preliminary treatment of punching of aluminium alloy plate spot welding position, upper strata, lower floor's aluminium alloy plate is placed cushion block simultaneously, thereby adopt CMT arc welding technology welding fill process hole to form solder joint, to reach the purpose that reduces welding deformation, increase spot-welding technology window, improves tack-weld quality and stability thereof.It is a kind of in order to realize the welding system of above-mentioned aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT that the present invention also provides.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT, it may further comprise the steps:
The first step is got fabrication hole at an aluminium alloy plate to be welded, and described fabrication hole is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped;
Second step, be positioned on another aluminium alloy plate not with holes to be welded aluminium alloy plate with holes is overlapping, simultaneously a cushion block is positioned under this aluminium alloy plate not with holes, by a clamping device aluminium alloy plate to be welded and this cushion block is clamped, the material of described cushion block is refractory metal;
In the 3rd step, will the vertical setting of plate face of welding gun and aluminium alloy plate to be welded of CMT electric arc welding system of welding wire and the center that this welding wire is aimed at described fabrication hole be housed;
The 4th step, pass in advance protective gas to the welding position, then adopt predetermined welding parameter, with the CMT pattern electric arc that ignites, the welding wire burning is also filled described fabrication hole, melt simultaneously the edge of described fabrication hole and form joint made by flame welding with aluminium alloy plate not with holes, last extinguish arcs also continues to pass into protective gas and prevents the joint made by flame welding oxidation; Described predetermined welding parameter is: welding current 85A～158A, weldingvoltage 12.6V～16.8V, wire feed rate 5.0m/min～7.0m/min and weld interval 0.3s～1.9s, described CMT pattern refers to, the CMT method that Austria Fronius company proposes, this CMT method makes the welding wire pumpback realize the transition of metal drop by Digital Control.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of arc welding system of implementing described aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT, it comprises: welding wire, gas cylinder, the CMT electric arc welding system, robot control cabinet, robot and clamping device, wherein, welding wire is loaded in the CMT electric arc welding system, the gas cylinder that is filled with argon gas is communicated with the CMT electric arc welding system, the CMT electric arc welding system links to each other with robot control cabinet and transmits the welding control signal, robot control cabinet links to each other with robot and the transferring robot motion control signal, and clamping device clamps described aluminium alloy plate with holes in welding process, aluminium alloy plate not with holes and cushion block.
Described CMT electric arc welding system comprises: welding gun, wire-feed motor, host power supply and tank for coolant, wherein, welding gun links to each other with wire-feed motor, host power supply and tank for coolant, and be contained in the end of robot, host power supply connects and the control wire-feed motor, host power supply connects tank for coolant and provides power supply and control signal to it, and host power supply links to each other with described robot control cabinet, and described welding wire is arranged in the wire-feed motor and is installed on the welding gun.
The artificial industrial machinery arm of described machine, it has six axles that rotatablely move, and described welding gun is installed on the 6th axle of this industrial machinery arm.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
The present invention replaces continuously seam weldering with spot welding, can greatly reduce the sweating heat input, thereby has reduced because the joint gross distortion that the aluminium alloy wire coefficient of expansion causes greatly; The aluminium alloy plate preliminary treatment of punching in upper strata has improved the spot-welding technology window, solved in the aluminium alloy CMT direct spot welding process, little welding parameter makes the input of lower floor aluminium alloy plate heat not enough, and cause can't with the problems such as the fusion of upper strata aluminium alloy plate and welding quality be unstable; The lower floor aluminium alloy plate is placed cushion block and has been solved in the aluminium alloy CMT pinpoint welding procedure, and large welding parameter is subsided solder joint even produced the crack and the problem such as welding quality is unstable; Simultaneously, the technological measure of beating fabrication hole and placement cushion block is simple, and it is low to compare the self-piercing riveting process costs, and for a long time vehicle body parts manufacturing based on resistance spot welding process is not affected, and is easy to apply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of arc welding system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the fundamental diagram of welding process of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the invention are elaborated, this embodiment has provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process take technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Please in conjunction with consulting Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 schematic diagram of the present invention, the arc welding system of illustrated aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT comprises: welding wire 4, gas cylinder 6, CMT electric arc welding system 5, robot control cabinet 7, robot 8 and clamping device 9.Wherein, welding wire 4 is loaded in the CMT electric arc welding system 5, the gas cylinder 6 that is filled with argon gas is communicated with CMT electric arc welding system 5, CMT electric arc welding system 5 links to each other with robot control cabinet 7 and transmits the welding control signal, robot control cabinet 7 links to each other with robot 8 and transferring robot 8 motion control signals, and clamping device 9 clamps the aluminium alloy plate with holes 1 on upper strata and aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes and the cushion block 3 of lower floor in welding process.
Described CMT electric arc welding system 5 comprises: welding gun 10, wire-feed motor 11, host power supply 12 and tank for coolant 13.Wherein, described welding gun 10 links to each other with wire-feed motor 11, host power supply 12 and tank for coolant 13, and is contained in the end of robot 8; Described host power supply 12 connects wire-feed motor 11, tank for coolant 13 and robot control cabinet 7 simultaneously, the operation of host power supply 12 control wire-feed motor 11, simultaneously provide power supply and control signal to tank for coolant 13, cooling CMT electric arc welding system 5 in welding process, input from the welding processes to robot control cabinet 7, output signal that this host power supply 12 also transmits in; Described welding wire 4 is arranged in the wire-feed motor 11, and is installed on the welding gun 10, and it splashes in the fabrication hole of upper strata aluminium alloy plate 1 with holes as filling metal molten by welding gun 10, with lower floor's aluminium alloy plate 2 fusion formation joint made by flame weldings not with holes.
Described robot 8 is the industrial machinery arm, weight capacity is 5kg, the radius of clean-up is 1444mm, it has six axles that rotatablely move, described welding gun 10 is installed on the 6th axle of this industrial machinery arm 8, robot 8 drives welding gun 10 in welding process, makes it accurately to be positioned the center of fabrication hole on the aluminium alloy plate 1 with holes.
Please in conjunction with consulting Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT of the present invention realizes that by above-mentioned arc welding system it may further comprise the steps:
The first step, the welding work pieces preliminary treatment is got fabrication hole at an aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded, and described fabrication hole is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped.
Second step, with aluminium alloy plate 1 overlapping being positioned on another aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes to be welded with holes, a cushion block 3 is positioned under this aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes simultaneously, by described clamping device 9 with aluminium alloy plate to be welded 1 and 2 and this cushion block 3 clamp, guarantee that cushion block 3 and lower floor's aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes tightly fit; The material of described cushion block 3 is the refractory metals such as brass, to prevent in the welding process and workpiece fusion to be welded.
In the 3rd step, will welding gun 10 and the aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded and 2 vertical setting of plate face of the CMT electric arc welding system 5 of welding wire 4 be housed, and make the center (seeing Fig. 1) of the described fabrication hole of these welding wire 4 alignings.
The 4th step; pass in advance protective gas to the welding position; then adopt predefined welding parameter; with the CMT pattern electric arc that ignites; welding wire 4 burnings are also filled described fabrication hole; melt simultaneously the edge of described fabrication hole and form joint made by flame weldings with aluminium alloy plate not with holes 2, last extinguish arcs also continues to pass into protective gas and prevents the joint made by flame welding oxidation.
The scope of described predetermined welding parameter is: welding current 85A～158A, weldingvoltage 12.6V～16.8V, wire feed rate 5.0m/min～7.0m/min and weld interval 0.3s～1.9s.
Described CMT pattern refers to, the CMT method that Austria Fronius company proposes, this CMT method makes the welding wire pumpback realize the transition of metal drop by Digital Control, comparing the sweating heat input can greatly reduce with the arc welding droplet transfer mode of routine, therefore the material that has higher requirements for the control of heat input of the present invention, such as aluminium alloy, can obtain good effect.
Below in conjunction with embodiment implementation step of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment one
The material of cushion block 3 adopts brass in the present embodiment, aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded and 2 is aluminium alloy AA6061-T6, panel thickness coupling: 1mm+1mm, aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded, 2 usefulness mechanical grinding modes are removed the oxide layer on surface, remove the greasy dirt of position to be welded with acetone reagent, the material of welding wire 4 is AlSi5, and diameter is 1.2mm.
Welding parameter is: welding current 132A, weldingvoltage 15.9V, wire feed rate 6.2m/min, arc length correction 0%, welding wire pumpback frequency 70Hz adopts argon gas as protective gas, its flow 15L/min, weld interval 1s.
The present embodiment course of work is shown in Fig. 3 a～Fig. 3 h:
The first step, welding material preliminary treatment: get fabrication hole at aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded; Described fabrication hole is cylindrical, diameter 6.5mm.
Second step, with aluminium alloy plate 1 overlapping being positioned on the aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes to be welded with holes, simultaneously cushion block 3 is positioned under lower floor's aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes, by clamping device 9 with aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded, 2 and cushion block 3 clamp;
The 3rd step, welding gun 10 and aluminium alloy plate 1 to be welded that welding wire 4 will be housed, 2 the vertical setting of plate face and the center in welding wire 4 Alignment Process holes;
The 4th step, pass into protective gas in advance to the welding position after; adopt pre-set welding parameter with the CMT pattern electric arc that ignites; welding wire 4 burning and fill process holes; melt simultaneously edge and the lower floor aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes of described upper strata aluminium alloy plate 1 fabrication hole with holes; form joint made by flame welding, extinguish arcs also continues to pass into protective gas and prevents the joint oxidation.
Embodiment two
The technical process step is identical with embodiment one, and difference is that welding parameter is: welding current 85A, weldingvoltage 12.6V, wire feed rate 5.0m/min, weld interval 1.9s.
Embodiment three
The technical process step is identical with embodiment one, and difference is that welding parameter is: welding current 158A, weldingvoltage 16.8V, wire feed rate 7.0m/min, weld interval 0.3s.
Under above-mentioned welding parameter condition, weld, upper strata aluminium alloy plate 1 punching with holes helps upper and lower aluminium alloy plate fusion to form joint made by flame welding, placing cushion block under lower floor's aluminium alloy plate 2 not with holes can avoid subsiding because of the low solder joint that causes of aluminium alloy fusing point effectively, thereby welding quality and stability thereof all are improved, can obtain good welding point, the smooth symmetry of joint pattern, without splashing, the weld defects such as pore, crackle are few.Postwelding adopts universal testing machine to stretch, and joint can reach higher shear strength.Simultaneously, multiple spot series spot welding joint pattern smooth attractive in appearance, post welding distortion is little, upper and lower two-layer plate keeps smooth substantially, compares with seam weldering, without obviously crooked, adopts the inventive method can greatly reduce to be connected the distortion of workpiece.
Claims (8)
1. the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The first step is got fabrication hole at an aluminium alloy plate to be welded;
Second step is positioned on another aluminium alloy plate not with holes to be welded aluminium alloy plate with holes is overlapping, simultaneously a cushion block is positioned under this aluminium alloy plate not with holes, by a clamping device aluminium alloy plate to be welded and this cushion block is clamped;
In the 3rd step, will the vertical setting of plate face of welding gun and aluminium alloy plate to be welded of CMT electric arc welding system of welding wire and the center that this welding wire is aimed at described fabrication hole be housed;
The 4th step; pass in advance protective gas to the welding position; then adopt predetermined welding parameter; with the CMT pattern electric arc that ignites; the welding wire burning is also filled described fabrication hole; melt simultaneously the edge of described fabrication hole and form joint made by flame welding with aluminium alloy plate not with holes, last extinguish arcs also continues to pass into protective gas and prevents the joint made by flame welding oxidation.
2. the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the 4th step by step rapid in, described predetermined welding parameter is: welding current 85A～158A, weldingvoltage 12.6V～16.8V, wire feed rate 5.0m/min～7.0m/min and weld interval 0.3s～1.9s.
3. the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described fabrication hole is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped.
4. the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT according to claim 1 is characterized in that the material of described cushion block is refractory metal.
5. the aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CMT pattern refers to, the CMT method that Austrian Fronius company proposes, and this CMT method makes the welding wire pumpback realize the transition of metal drop by Digital Control.
6. arc welding system of implementing the described aluminium alloy electric acnode soldering method based on CMT of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described arc welding system comprises: welding wire, gas cylinder, the CMT electric arc welding system, robot control cabinet, robot and clamping device, wherein, welding wire is loaded in the CMT electric arc welding system, the gas cylinder that is filled with argon gas is communicated with the CMT electric arc welding system, the CMT electric arc welding system links to each other with robot control cabinet and transmits the welding control signal, robot control cabinet links to each other with robot and the transferring robot motion control signal, and clamping device clamps described aluminium alloy plate with holes in welding process, aluminium alloy plate not with holes and cushion block.
7. arc welding system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described CMT electric arc welding system comprises: welding gun, wire-feed motor, host power supply and tank for coolant, wherein, welding gun links to each other with wire-feed motor, host power supply and tank for coolant, and be contained in the end of robot, host power supply connects and the control wire-feed motor, host power supply connects tank for coolant and provides power supply and control signal to it, host power supply links to each other with described robot control cabinet, and described welding wire is arranged in the wire-feed motor and is installed on the welding gun.
8. arc welding system according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the artificial industrial machinery arm of described machine, and it has six axles that rotatablely move, and described welding gun is installed on the 6th axle of this industrial machinery arm.
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| CN103567614A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-12 | 南车眉山车辆有限公司 | Back welding process and railway wagon ticket-jack manufactured with process |
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| JPWO2016056563A1 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2017-08-03 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Arc spot welding method and welding apparatus for executing the same |
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| CN106607641A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold metal transfer welding process of magnesium alloy thin-walled workpiece |
| CN106363323A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-01 | 机械科学研究总院青岛分院 | Metal welding forming system and metal welding forming method based on CMT (cold metal transition) |
| CN111163896A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-05-15 | 株式会社藤仓 | Soldering structure, wiring board with metal sheet, and soldering method |
| US11597038B2 (en) | 2017-12-28 | 2023-03-07 | Fujikura Ltd. | Welding structure, wiring board with metal piece, and welding method |
| CN109128433A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽忠旺铝合金精深加工有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy light weight vehicle body automatic Welding Process |
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| CN114289823A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 华南理工大学 | Method for improving performance of 7075-T6 super-hard aluminum alloy thick plate fusion welding joint |
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Application publication date: 20130130 |