CN111421222A - Friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421222A CN111421222A CN202010375127.7A CN202010375127A CN111421222A CN 111421222 A CN111421222 A CN 111421222A CN 202010375127 A CN202010375127 A CN 202010375127A CN 111421222 A CN111421222 A CN 111421222A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
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- HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Ni] Chemical compound [Ti].[Ni] HZEWFHLRYVTOIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/14—Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and a processing method thereof, and the friction stir butt welding device comprises a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench comprises a fixed clamping device, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head, and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head; the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms arranged on the upper part of the gas protection mechanism; the stirring head is internally provided with a hollow placing groove. According to the invention, the laser output mechanism, the gas protection mechanism or the current heating mechanism is arranged in the stirring head of the conventional friction stir butt welding equipment, so that the problem of insufficient softening of the bottom of the area to be welded when only surface laser is heated is solved, and the axial pressure of the stirring head in the welding process can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of friction stir welding equipment, and particularly relates to a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material and a machining method thereof.
Background
The friction stir welding technology is a novel solid phase connection technology developed by british welding research institute in 1991. The principle is that a stirring head with a special shaft shoulder is inserted into a to-be-welded part of a to-be-welded part in a rotating mode at a certain rotating speed, due to the fact that the stirring head and the to-be-welded part generate heat through friction, the temperature of materials in the peripheral area of the stirring head rises to reach a thermoplastic state, the stirring head moves forwards at a certain speed while rotating, at the moment, the thermoplasticized materials can move along the rotating direction of the stirring head under the action of the stirring head, and the materials form reliable solid phase connection under the action of the pressure of the shaft shoulder. The friction stir welding is widely applied to welding of metal materials with low melting point and high performance such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like, avoids the defects of air holes, cracks and the like generated when the materials are welded by the traditional welding technology, enhances the quality of welding seams, reduces the welding deformation and saves the welding materials. However, the application of friction stir welding to high-strength alloys such as titanium, steel and nickel, which have high welding difficulty, is limited by the material of the stirring head.
The friction stir welding process can enable a certain temperature gradient to exist in the thickness direction of a welding seam in the welding process, the temperature of the upper surface of the welding seam is highest due to the friction action of a shaft shoulder of a stirring head, the temperature is gradually reduced along the thickness direction, the temperature of the bottom end of the welding seam is lowest, and the temperature difference is increased along with the increase of the thickness of a welding object, so that the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like are easily generated at the bottom of the welding seam in the thick plate welding process, the uniformity of the mechanical property in the thickness direction of the welding seam is influenced, and the overall mechanical property of. Therefore, friction stir welding of high-melting-point and high-strength materials such as titanium, steel and nickel with large thickness becomes a difficult point at the present stage, and the friction stir welding of dissimilar materials with large thickness, high melting point and high strength is difficult to realize.
In order to solve the problem of friction stir welding of large-thickness plates, researchers optimize and improve welding equipment, welding processes and the like in many aspects, but the effect is not satisfactory. For example, patent CN 103978304 a discloses a friction stir welding process for thick plates, which is to form a symmetrical step-shaped groove on a thick plate, embed an embedded strip in a pit, which is the same as the plate, and perform friction stir butt welding on the thick plate and the embedded strip by layering the thick plate for multiple times, thereby realizing butt welding between the thick plates. And patent CN 109483071 a discloses a method for laser-friction stir hybrid welding of large-thickness plates, which realizes welding of large-thickness plates by laser welding on the upper part of the large-thickness plates and friction stir welding on the lower part of the large-thickness plates, but the performance of the weld formed by laser welding and friction stir welding is greatly different, so that the welding performance of thick plates in the thickness direction is inconsistent. Patent CN 109202265 a discloses a heavy-duty friction stir welding robot, which is formed by connecting more than two parallel robots in series step by step to form a series-parallel robot having both series and parallel features, and a friction stir welding machine can be mounted on a headstock at the tail end of the series-parallel robot. The hybrid robot in the technical scheme has high rigidity and strong bearing capacity, and can realize friction stir welding of workpieces with large thicknesses. However, the hybrid robot has a complicated structure and is expensive.
Therefore, the development and design of the friction stir welding device for the large-thickness high-melting-point and high-strength dissimilar materials have important economic, social and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials and a processing method thereof, which have simple structure and reasonable design.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises a workbench and a friction stir welding mechanism, wherein the workbench comprises a fixed clamping device, the friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head, and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head;
the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms arranged on the upper part of the gas protection mechanism;
the stirring head is internally provided with a hollow placing groove.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the gas protection mechanism comprises a protective gas hood, the top end of the protective gas hood is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding equipment, the bottom of the protective gas hood is open, the top end of the protective gas hood is provided with a gas inlet pipe, and the gas inlet pipe is connected with external gas supply equipment; the top end of the protective gas hood is provided with a plurality of through holes, one through hole is used for placing a stirring head of friction stir welding equipment, and the stirring head penetrates through the through hole, so that the stirring head is arranged inside the protective gas hood; and the stirring pin at the tail end of the stirring head does not exceed the bottom surface of the shielding gas hood, and the bottom surface of the shielding gas hood is matched with the surface of the alloy plate to be welded and is attached to the surface of the alloy plate to be welded.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the output end of the second laser output mechanism is respectively arranged in the through holes in a penetrating manner, and the output end of the second laser output mechanism outputs laser spots to irradiate on a contact interface area of a workpiece to be welded, and the laser spots output by the second laser output mechanism are positioned at the front part of the welding direction of the stirring head;
the distance between the stirring head and the second laser output mechanism is determined according to specific welding operation requirements, and the distance L between the light spot action center of the second laser output mechanism and the action center of the stirring head on the welding surface is 20-45 mm.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the surface of the workbench is provided with a heat insulation plate, and the surface of the heat insulation plate is used for placing the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate to be welded.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, a first laser output mechanism is further arranged outside the friction stir welding equipment, the top end of the placing groove is connected with the output end of the first laser output mechanism, laser is output into the placing groove of the stirring head through the first laser output mechanism, and the laser beam of the first laser output mechanism reaches the tail end of the placing groove;
the improved friction stir welding device is characterized in that copper core electrodes matched with the placing groove are arranged in the placing groove, an insulating sleeve wraps the side surface of each copper core electrode, the bottom of each copper core electrode is in contact with a stirring pin at the bottom of a stirring head, the input end of each copper core electrode is connected with one end of a pulse power supply arranged outside the friction stir welding device, an insulating groove is formed in the surface of each insulating plate and in the corresponding position of the butt joint interface of a workpiece to be welded, an elastic insulating heat-insulating pad matched with the insulating groove is arranged in the insulating groove, a groove is formed in the corresponding position of the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat-insulating pad and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, copper plate electrodes matched with the groove are arranged in the groove.
A processing method of a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate, a titanium alloy plate to be welded and a nickel alloy plate on a workbench in sequence, fixing the heat insulation plate, the titanium alloy plate to be welded and the nickel alloy plate on the workbench by using a fixed clamping device such as a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and the like, enabling a stirring head of friction stir welding to be located right above a butt joint interface of the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate, enabling an output end of a second laser output mechanism to correspondingly irradiate a titanium alloy plate area and a nickel alloy plate area respectively, adjusting the distance between the stirring head of the friction stir welding and the second laser output mechanism according to welding requirements, and finally fixing friction stir welding equipment and the second laser output mechanism;
step S2, inputting 99.9-99.99% purity and 3-40L min flow rate through the air inlet pipe on the protective gas hood-1The argon is used as protective gas, the gas inlet pipe points to the titanium alloy plate area, and a second laser output mechanism is started to respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate;
step S3: and starting the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head under the action of axial downward pressure, and enabling the stirring head to relatively feed along the direction of a butt interface of the titanium alloy plate to be welded and the nickel-based alloy plate to complete friction stir butt welding operation, so that the titanium alloy plate and the nickel-based alloy plate are welded into a whole.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, in the step S1, the titanium alloy plate is placed on the backward side of the stirring head of the friction stir welding equipment in the rotation direction, the nickel alloy plate is placed on the forward side of the stirring head in the rotation direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate and the nickel alloy plate are both 5-30 mm; the titanium alloy plate is a TC4 titanium alloy plate or a TA2 titanium alloy plate, and the nickel alloy plate is a GH3652 nickel alloy plate or a GH4169 nickel alloy plate.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, one side of a laser beam output by the second laser output mechanism, which irradiates a light spot on the surface of the alloy plate, is tangent to the alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the laser beam is tangent to a relative movement outer contour line formed after a shaft shoulder of the stirring head acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded;
the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head towards the titanium alloy side is 0-6mm, the laser output by the second laser output mechanism irradiates the front part of the laser spot action center on the surface of the alloy plate along the welding direction of the stirring head, and the distance between the laser spot action center and the stirring head is 18-45 mm; the output power of the second laser output mechanism acting on the titanium alloy plate area is 600-8500W, the diameter of a light spot irradiated by the laser on the surface of the titanium alloy plate is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism acting on the nickel alloy plate area is 500-7000W, and the diameter of the light spot irradiated by the laser on the surface of the nickel alloy plate is 5-15 mm.
As a further optimization scheme of the present invention, the step S2 further includes starting a first laser output mechanism, where the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism is 300-.
As a further optimized solution of the present invention, in the step S3, the axial downward pressure F applied to the stirring head is 4000--1The welding speed is v-5-40 mm.min-1；
The step S3 further includes starting a pulse power supply, where the pulse current of the pulse power supply is a rectangular square wave, the mean value I of the pulse current is 500-.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the laser heating heat source is respectively added on the front part of a stirring head of conventional friction stir butt welding equipment along the welding direction of a workpiece to be welded with a titanium-nickel dissimilar material, two beams of focused lasers with high energy density are utilized to rapidly heat and soften the surfaces of areas to be welded of the titanium alloy and the nickel-based alloy dissimilar material, and the surface hardness of the titanium and the nickel is reduced and the hardness of the softened titanium and the nickel is equivalent by respectively controlling the output power of the lasers, the size of a light spot and the action center;
2) the invention heats the stirring pin by arranging the laser output mechanism in the stirring head, the bottom end of the stirring pin absorbs the light energy of the laser beam to be instantly converted into heat energy and transmits the heat energy to the bottom of a welding object, the problem of insufficient softening of the bottom of a region to be welded when only surface laser is heated is solved, simultaneously, the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials to be welded with large thickness are softened synchronously from top to bottom, the axial pressure of the stirring head in the welding process and the radial stress and uneven stress of the stirring pin can be greatly reduced, the mutual flowing and fusion of the titanium-steel dissimilar materials to be welded in the stirring friction welding process are facilitated, the abrasion between the stirring head and a workpiece can be reduced, in addition, the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like generated at the bottom of the welding line in the large-thickness welding process can be effectively eliminated, the uniformity of the mechanical property in the thickness direction of the welding line is improved, the mechanical, the welding speed can be increased under the same rotating speed of the stirring head, so that the welding efficiency is improved;
3) the invention sets a pulse power supply, high-intensity pulse current passes through the head of the stirring needle and a weldment at the lower end of the stirring needle, joule heat generated by the current softens the lower end of the weldment, and simultaneously improves the plasticity and the fluidity of the material, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing welding defects, refining crystal grains, improving welding strength and reducing welding stress;
4) compared with the common open type blowing protection, the protection gas cover improves the protection effect, further reduces the problems of hydrogen absorption, oxygen absorption and nitrogen absorption in the friction stir welding process of the high-activity titanium, and simultaneously reduces the consumption of the protection gas;
5) according to the invention, the thermal insulation plate is arranged at the bottom of the welded titanium-nickel dissimilar material, so that the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the welded object can be reduced, and the bottom of the welded object also has a sufficient softening effect, so that the material flow and flow quantity of a bottom area in the welding process are increased, the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the quality of a welding seam is improved;
6) compared with external energy such as electric arc, induction and the like, the laser-assisted friction stir welding has the advantages of accurate and controllable heating area, high energy utilization rate and the like;
7) the invention has simple structure, high stability, reasonable design and convenient realization, and can be used for friction stir butt welding of other high-strength and high-melting point dissimilar materials besides the welding of the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first cross-sectional structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second cross-sectional structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first cross-sectional structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a second sectional structure diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a heat insulation plate; 2. a titanium alloy plate; 3. a stirring head; 4. a protective gas hood; 6. a first laser output mechanism; 7. a nickel alloy plate; 11. an elastic insulating heat-insulating pad; 12. a copper plate electrode; 31. a placement groove; 32. a stirring pin; 33. an insulating sleeve; 34. a copper core electrode; 41. a through hole; 42. an air inlet pipe; 43. and a second laser output mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" or "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 and 2, a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials comprises a workbench, a friction stir welding mechanism and a laser heating mechanism, wherein a heat insulation plate 1 is arranged on the surface of the workbench, an alloy plate to be welded is placed on the surface of the heat insulation plate 1, the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of a welding object can be reduced by arranging the heat insulation plate 1, the bottom of the welding object also has a sufficient softening effect, so that the flowing amount and the flowing amount of materials in the welding process of a bottom area are increased, the titanium-nickel dissimilar materials at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the quality of a welding seam is improved. The workbench further comprises a fixing and clamping device, so that the heat insulation plate 1 and the alloy plate to be welded can be conveniently fixed on the surface of the workbench, the welding operation of the alloy plate is facilitated, and the stability of a working area is kept.
The friction stir welding mechanism comprises friction stir welding equipment, the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head 3 and a gas protection mechanism, and the output end of the friction stir welding equipment is used for welding an alloy plate to be welded; the stirring head 3 is internally provided with a hollow placing groove 31, the top end of the placing groove 31 is connected with the output end of a first laser output mechanism 6 arranged outside, laser is output into the placing groove 31 of the stirring head 3 through the first laser output mechanism 6, the tail end of the stirring head 3 is provided with a stirring pin 32, a laser beam of the first laser output mechanism 6 reaches the tail end of the placing groove 31, the stirring pin 32 at the tail end of the stirring head 3 is subjected to laser heating, and the stirring pin 32 absorbs the heat energy of the laser beam and conducts the heat energy to a welding object contacted with the stirring pin 32, so that the welding quality and efficiency of the friction stir welding equipment are improved.
The gas protection mechanism comprises a protective gas hood 4, the top end of the protective gas hood 4 is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding equipment, the bottom of the protective gas hood 4 is open, a gas inlet pipe 42 is arranged at the top end of the protective gas hood 4, the gas inlet pipe 42 is connected with external gas supply equipment, protective gas is filled into the protective gas hood 4 through the gas inlet pipe 42, and the protective gas is nitrogen; the top of protective gas hood 4 is provided with a plurality of through-holes 41, one of them through-hole 41 is used for placing friction stir welding equipment's stirring head 3, stirring head 3 runs through this through-hole 41, makes stirring head 3 set up in protective gas hood 4's inside to the welding is treated to the alloy plate under the protection of protective gas hood 4 to stirring head 3, it needs to explain, stirring needle 32 at stirring head 3 end is no longer than protective gas hood 4's bottom surface, protective gas hood 4's bottom surface and treat that the alloy plate surface of welding mutually supports, and laminate each other, be convenient for make protective gas hood 4 and treat that the inseparable laminating between the alloy plate surface of welding, keep the seal in the welding process, and can make and treat that to weld between alloy plate and protective gas hood 4 relative slip, be convenient for friction stir welding equipment to weld the alloy plate.
The laser heating mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms 43 arranged on the upper part of the shielding gas hood 4, the output ends of the second laser output mechanisms 43 are respectively arranged in the through holes 41 in a penetrating manner, the output ends of the second laser output mechanisms 43 output laser spots to irradiate on contact interface areas of alloy plates to be welded, the laser spots output by the second laser output mechanisms 43 are positioned at the front parts of the welding directions of the stirring heads 3, and the second laser output mechanisms 43 preheat the alloy plates to be welded in advance.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar materials is different from embodiment 1 in that a hollow placing groove 31 is arranged inside a stirring head 3, copper core electrodes 34 matched with the placing groove 31 are arranged in the placing groove 31, the side surfaces of the copper core electrodes 34 are wrapped by insulating sleeves 33, the bottoms of the copper core electrodes are in contact with a stirring pin 32 at the bottom of the stirring head 3, and the input ends of the copper core electrodes 34 are connected with one end of a pulse power supply arranged outside a friction stir welding device; the welding device is characterized in that an insulating groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the butt joint interface of the surface of the heat insulation board 1 and a workpiece to be welded, an elastic insulating heat insulation pad 11 matched with the insulating groove is arranged in the insulating groove, a groove is arranged at the corresponding position of the upper surface of the elastic insulating heat insulation pad 11 and the butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded, a copper plate electrode 12 matched with the groove is arranged in the groove, the input end of the copper plate electrode 12 is connected with one end of a pulse power supply, a path is formed between the two electrodes through the pulse power supply, a copper core electrode 34, the copper plate electrode 12 and a stirring head 3 and the workpiece to be welded, the pulse power supply outputs high-intensity pulse current, the lower end of the workpiece to be welded is softened by joule heat generated by the current, meanwhile, the plasticity and the fluidity of the workpiece are improved, the welding defects are reduced, crystal, The purpose of reducing welding stress.
A method for processing a titanium-nickel dissimilar material by using the friction stir butt welding apparatus prepared in the above example 1, includes the steps of:
step S1: sequentially placing and installing a heat insulation plate 1, a titanium alloy plate 2 to be welded and a nickel alloy plate 7 on a workbench, fixing the heat insulation plate 1, the titanium alloy plate 2 to be welded and the nickel alloy plate 7 on the workbench by using a fixed clamping device such as a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and the like, enabling a stirring head 3 of friction stir welding to be positioned right above a butt joint interface of the two alloy plates, enabling output ends of two second laser output mechanisms 43 to respectively irradiate areas of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7, adjusting the distance between the stirring head 3 of the friction stir welding and the second laser output mechanisms 43 according to welding requirements, and finally fixing friction stir welding equipment and the second laser output mechanisms 43;
step S2, inputting the purity of 99.9-99.99% and the flow of 3-40L min through the air inlet pipe 42 on the protective gas hood 4-1The argon gas is used as protective gas, the gas inlet pipe 42 points to the area of the titanium alloy plate 2, and the first laser output mechanism 6 and the second laser output mechanism 43 are started simultaneously to preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate 2, the nickel alloy plate 7 and the stirring pin 32 respectively;
step S3: and starting the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head 3 under the action of axial downward pressure, and enabling the stirring head 3 to relatively feed along the direction of a butt interface of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded to finish the friction stir butt welding operation, so that the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 are welded into a whole.
If the apparatus prepared in example 2 is used to process a titanium-nickel dissimilar material, the difference from the above operation is that:
step S2', inputting purity of 99.9-99.99% and flow rate of 3-40L min through air inlet pipe 42 on protective gas hood 4-1The argon gas is used as protective gas, the gas inlet pipe 42 points to the area of the titanium alloy plate 2, and simultaneously the second laser output mechanism 43 is started to respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate 2, the nickel alloy plate 7 and the stirring pin 32;
step S3': and starting the friction stir welding equipment and the pulse power supply, rotating the stirring head 3 under the action of axial downward pressure, relatively feeding the stirring head 3 along the direction of a butt interface of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 to be welded, applying high-strength pulse current to the workpiece to be welded by the pulse power supply through the copper core electrode 34 and the copper plate electrode 12 to soften the workpiece to be welded at the lower end of the welding line, and finally finishing friction stir butt welding operation to weld the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 into a whole.
In step S1, the titanium alloy plate 2 is placed on the backward side of the stirring head 3 of the friction stir welding device in the rotation direction, the nickel alloy plate 7 is placed on the forward side of the stirring head 3 in the rotation direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate 2 and the nickel alloy plate 7 are both 5-30 mm;
in the steps S2 and S2', the laser setting parameters of the first laser output mechanism 6 and the second laser output mechanism 43 include output power, spot size and action center of laser irradiated on the surface of the alloy plate, and the laser setting parameters of the second laser output mechanism 43 are determined according to the offset distance of the center of the stirring head 3 biased to the titanium alloy side and the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 3, wherein one side of the laser beam output by the second laser output mechanism 43 irradiated on the spot on the surface of the alloy plate is tangent to the alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the laser beam irradiated on the surface of the alloy plate is tangent to the relative movement outer contour line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 3 acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded, namely tangent to the edge of the weld joint;
the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head 3, which is deviated to the titanium alloy side, is 0-6 mm;
the laser output mechanism 43 outputs laser which irradiates the front part of the alloy plate along the welding direction, and the action center of a light spot is positioned at the front part of the stirring head 3, and the distance L between the laser and the stirring head is 18-45 mm;
the output power of the second laser output mechanism 43 acting on the titanium alloy plate 2 area is 600-8500W, the diameter of a light spot irradiated by the laser to the titanium alloy plate 2 surface is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism 43 acting on the nickel alloy plate 7 area is 500-7000W, the diameter of a light spot irradiated by the laser to the nickel alloy plate surface is 5-15mm, the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism 6 is 300-900W, and the diameter of a laser light spot is 3-6 mm.
In the step S3, the axial downward force F applied to the stirring head 3 is 4000--1The welding speed is v-5-40 mm.min-1。
The pulse current in step S3' is a rectangular square wave, the mean value I of the pulse current is 500-.
The titanium alloy plates 2 include, but are not limited to, TC4 titanium alloy plate 2 and TA2 titanium alloy plate 2, and the nickel alloy plates 7 include, but are not limited to, GH3652 nickel alloy plate 7 and GH4169 nickel alloy plate 7.
Compared with the common alloy plate, the alloy plate prepared by the device has the advantages that the axial downward pressure of the stirring head 3 is smaller, the rotating speed of the stirring head 3 is lower, the welding speed is higher, the service life of the stirring head 3 is prolonged, in addition, the welding seam quality can also be improved, particularly, the defects of incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion, weak connection and the like generated at the bottom of the welding seam can be effectively eliminated, the uniformity of the mechanical property in the thickness direction of the welding seam is improved, the overall mechanical property of the welding seam is improved, in addition, the abrasion of the stirring head 3, particularly the head of the stirring needle 32 can be reduced, and therefore, the service life of the.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a friction stir butt welding device for large-thickness titanium nickel xenogeneic material, includes workstation and friction stir welding mechanism, the workstation includes fixed clamping device, friction stir welding mechanism includes friction stir welding equipment, its characterized in that: the output end of the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head (3), and a gas protection mechanism is arranged at the stirring head (3);
the friction stir butt welding device also comprises a laser output mechanism, wherein the laser output mechanism comprises a plurality of second laser output mechanisms (43) arranged at the upper part of the gas protection mechanism;
the stirring head (3) is internally provided with a hollow placing groove (31).
2. The friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas protection mechanism comprises a protection gas hood (4), the top end of the protection gas hood (4) is fixedly connected with the output end of the friction stir welding equipment, the bottom of the protection gas hood is open, a gas inlet pipe (42) is arranged at the top end of the protection gas hood (4), and the gas inlet pipe (42) is connected with external gas supply equipment; the top end of the protective gas hood (4) is provided with a plurality of through holes (41), one through hole (41) is used for placing a stirring head (3) of friction stir welding equipment, and the stirring head (3) penetrates through the through hole (41) so that the stirring head (3) is arranged inside the protective gas hood (4); and a stirring needle (32) at the tail end of the stirring head (3) does not exceed the bottom surface of the shielding gas hood (4), and the bottom surface of the shielding gas hood (4) is matched with the surface of the alloy plate to be welded and is attached to the surface of the alloy plate to be welded.
3. The friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 2, characterized in that: the output end of the second laser output mechanism (43) is respectively arranged in the through holes (41) in a penetrating manner, the output end of the second laser output mechanism (43) outputs laser spots to irradiate the contact interface area of the workpiece to be welded, and the laser spots output by the second laser output mechanism (43) are positioned in the front part of the welding direction of the stirring head (3);
the distance between the stirring head (3) and the second laser output mechanism (43) is determined according to specific welding operation requirements, and the distance L between the light spot action center of the second laser output mechanism (43) and the action center of the stirring head (3) on the welding surface is 20-45 mm.
4. The friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 3, wherein: the surface of the workbench is provided with a heat insulation plate (1), and the surface of the heat insulation plate (1) is used for placing a titanium alloy plate (2) and a nickel alloy plate (7) to be welded.
5. The friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 4, wherein: the first laser output mechanism (6) is further arranged outside the friction stir welding equipment, the top end of the placing groove (31) is connected with the output end of the first laser output mechanism (6), laser is output into the placing groove (31) of the stirring head (3) through the first laser output mechanism (6), and the laser beam of the first laser output mechanism (6) reaches the tail end of the placing groove (31);
be provided with in standing groove (31) rather than copper core electrode (34) that matches each other, the side surface parcel of copper core electrode (34) has insulating cover (33), and stirring needle (32) contact of its bottom and stirring head (3) bottom, the input of copper core electrode (34) is connected with the one end that sets up in the outside pulse power supply of friction stir welding equipment, heat insulating board (1) surface is provided with the insulating bath with the department of waiting to weld work piece butt joint interface correspondence, be provided with in the insulating bath rather than elastic insulation heat insulating mattress (11) that matches each other, the upper surface of elastic insulation heat insulating mattress (11) is provided with the recess with the department of taking to weld work piece butt joint interface correspondence, be provided with in the recess rather than copper electrode (12) that matches each other, the input of copper electrode (12) with pulse power supply one end is connected.
6. A machining method for a friction stir butt welding device for a large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate (1), a titanium alloy plate (2) to be welded and a nickel alloy plate (7) on a workbench in sequence, fixing the heat insulation plate, the titanium alloy plate (2) to be welded and the nickel alloy plate (7) on the workbench by using a fixed clamping device such as a movable clamping block, a high-strength bolt and the like, enabling a stirring head (3) for friction stir welding to be located right above a butt joint interface of the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate, enabling an output end of a second laser output mechanism (43) to correspondingly irradiate a region of the titanium alloy plate (2) and a region of the nickel alloy plate (7) respectively, adjusting the distance between the stirring head (3) for friction stir welding and the second laser output mechanism (43) according to welding requirements, and finally fixing friction stir welding equipment and the second laser;
step S2, inputting the purity of 99.9-99.99% and the flow of 3-40L min through the air inlet pipe (42) on the protective gas hood (4)-1The argon is used as protective gas, the gas inlet pipe (42) points to the area of the titanium alloy plate (2), and a second laser output mechanism (43) is started to respectively preheat and soften the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7);
step S3: and starting the friction stir welding equipment, rotating the stirring head (3) under the action of axial downward pressure, and enabling the stirring head (3) to relatively feed along the direction of a butt interface of the titanium alloy plate (2) to be welded and the nickel-based alloy plate to complete the friction stir butt welding operation, so that the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel-based alloy plate are welded into a whole.
7. The machining method of the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S1, the titanium alloy plate (2) is arranged on the backward side of the stirring head (3) of the friction stir welding equipment in the rotating direction, the nickel alloy plate (7) is arranged on the forward side of the stirring head (3) in the rotating direction, and the thicknesses of the titanium alloy plate (2) and the nickel alloy plate (7) are both 5-30 mm; the titanium alloy plate (2) is a TC4 titanium alloy plate (2) or a TA2 titanium alloy plate (2), and the nickel alloy plate (7) is a GH3652 nickel alloy plate (7) or a GH4169 nickel alloy plate (7).
8. The machining method of the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the laser beam output by the second laser output mechanism (43) irradiates one side of a light spot on the surface of the alloy plate to be tangent to the alloy butt joint surface, and the other side of the light spot is tangent to a relative movement outer contour line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head (3) acts on the surface of the alloy plate to be welded;
the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head (3) towards the titanium alloy side is 0-6mm, the laser output by the second laser output mechanism (43) irradiates the front part of the laser spot action center of the surface of the alloy plate along the welding direction of the stirring head (3), and the distance between the laser spot action center and the stirring head is 18-45 mm; the output power of the second laser output mechanism (43) acting on the titanium alloy plate (2) area is 600-8500W, the diameter of a spot irradiated by the laser on the surface of the titanium alloy plate (2) is 8-20mm, the output power of the second laser output mechanism (43) acting on the nickel alloy plate (7) area is 500-7000W, and the diameter of a spot irradiated by the laser on the surface of the nickel alloy plate is 5-15 mm.
9. The machining method of the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 6, characterized in that: the step S2 further includes starting a first laser output mechanism (6), wherein the laser beam power of the first laser output mechanism (6) is 300-900W, and the laser spot diameter is 3-6 mm.
10. The machining method of the friction stir butt welding device for the large-thickness titanium-nickel dissimilar material according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S3, the axial downward force F applied to the stirring head (3) is 4000--1The welding speed is v-5-40 mm.min-1；
The step S3 further includes starting a pulse power supply, where the pulse current of the pulse power supply is a rectangular square wave, the mean value I of the pulse current is 500-.
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