CN108436234B - Double-heat-source cooperative welding method and device for high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material - Google Patents
Double-heat-source cooperative welding method and device for high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108436234B CN108436234B CN201810186528.0A CN201810186528A CN108436234B CN 108436234 B CN108436234 B CN 108436234B CN 201810186528 A CN201810186528 A CN 201810186528A CN 108436234 B CN108436234 B CN 108436234B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-heat-source cooperative welding method and device for a high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material, and belongs to the field of metal material welding. According to the method, when the large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material is welded, the double heat sources are adopted to heat the front surface and the back surface of the joint simultaneously, the energy distribution of the joint is optimized by controlling the energy parameters and the position parameters of the two heat sources, the heat input at the side of the high-thermal-conductivity metal is increased to compensate the heat loss caused by the high thermal conductivity, the welding temperature at the side of the low-thermal-conductivity metal is controlled, and the welding quality of the joint is improved while the problem of welding and forming the large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material is solved. The preheating effect of the joint is obtained by inclining the heat sources on the front side and the back side by a certain angle in the welding direction, and the single-pass welding double-side forming of the joint is realized under the auxiliary measures of no beveling, pre-welding preheating and the like. According to the welding device provided by the invention, the position of a welding heat source is accurately controlled in a three-dimensional space, the heat distribution of a joint is effectively regulated and controlled, and the efficient and reliable connection of metal materials with large heat conductivity mismatch is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing engineering, in particular to a double-heat-source cooperative welding method and device for a high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material
Background
With the development of science and technology, the requirements of people on the diversification of the performance of various physical units and the reduction of the cost are continuously improved, and the welding of dissimilar materials becomes one of the most active research directions in the technical fields of material processing and manufacturing at home and abroad in recent years. The connection of steel-copper dissimilar metals not only can effectively save the using amount of copper and reduce the cost of workpieces, but also can combine high heat conduction and electric conduction of the two metals and excellent mechanical properties, and becomes a hotspot of research in the field of dissimilar metal welding at present.
However, the steel-copper connection is extremely difficult due to the large thermal conductivity mismatch problem between steel-copper (metallic copper has a thermal conductivity of about 6 times that of steel). In the welding process, the heat quantity at the side of the copper plate is rapidly dissipated along the plane direction of the plate, a great temperature gradient is formed in the plate thickness direction, the heat quantity is often lower at the position far away from a heat source, particularly the back side of the plate, and the welding seam is difficult to wet and spread. Meanwhile, the crystal grains in the steel side heat affected zone grow rapidly under the condition of high heat input, so that the infiltration cracks of copper are easily formed, the joint strength is reduced, and therefore, the heat input needs to be lower to ensure the joint performance. Aiming at the difference of different base metals in the welding process caused by the mismatch of large thermal conductivity between steel and copper, the heat distribution in the welding process must be effectively regulated and controlled, the welding heat of the high thermal conductivity metal copper side is increased, and the welding temperature of the low thermal conductivity metal steel side is controlled. In chinese patent application "CN 104439646A" a method for welding steel and copper is disclosed. The invention relates to a method for welding a copper-steel alloy strip. The heating part of the heating equipment heats and melts the to-be-welded ends of the copper material and the steel material under the protection of inert gas, the top end of the heating part deviates towards the direction where the copper material is located, the deviation distance is 0.1mm-1.5mm, so that the to-be-welded ends of the copper material and the steel material reach a molten state at the same time and are further mutually fused to form a welding line, and the deviation distance is the distance from the top end of the heating part to a contact surface. In the above patent, the heat source is shifted to the high thermal conductivity metal copper side, which can significantly improve the joint heat distribution, so that copper and steel are melted simultaneously, and a complete weld is obtained. However, the method is mainly suitable for connecting pipes, and pressure is applied to two ends of the base metal in the welding process to ensure the connection of the two base metals, so that the method is difficult to be applied to plate connection.
At present, aiming at the problem of difficult butt joint forming of steel-copper plates, auxiliary process measures such as a copper side groove opening and copper plate pre-welding preheating are adopted to improve the distribution of welding heat in the thickness direction of a high-heat-conductivity metal copper side plate so as to obtain complete connection of steel and copper. However, both the pre-welding preheating and the notch opening measure additionally increase the welding process and the welding cost, and greatly limit the application of the method in engineering practice. In fact, when the traditional single heat source welding method is used for welding mismatch metal with large heat conductivity, the heat distribution in the welding process, particularly the heat distribution on the side of a metal plate with high heat conductivity, is difficult to control effectively. The front surface of the joint is locally heated by a single heat source, the position or the size of heat input of the heat source is changed, and the heat distribution of a part to be welded, close to the heat source, in the joint can be improved to a certain extent. However, since the back surface of the joint is far away from the welding heat source, the heat of the joint is often obtained only by the heat conduction effect of the metal, and therefore, the temperature in the welding process is greatly dependent on the physical properties such as the heat conductivity of the sheet material. Therefore, the regulation and control function of a single heat source on the back surface of the joint, particularly on one side of the back surface of the metal with high heat conductivity is extremely limited, the welding temperature of the joint is difficult to be effectively regulated and controlled according to different welding characteristics of the mismatch metal with high heat conductivity, and the problem that the mismatch metal material with high heat conductivity is difficult to form during connection is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a double-heat-source cooperative welding method and a double-heat-source cooperative welding device for a high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material. The preheating effect of the joint is obtained by inclining the heat sources on the front side and the back side by a certain angle in the welding direction, and the single-pass welding double-side forming of the joint is realized under the auxiliary measures of no beveling, pre-welding preheating and the like. In addition, the back heat source directly heats the back of the joint and protects the gas, so that the wetting and spreading of the weld metal on the back of the base metal are greatly promoted, and the weld forming is improved.
Furthermore, the connection of the large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal in the method is that the high-thermal-conductivity metal copper is butted with the low-thermal-conductivity metal steel plate, and the thickness of the plate is 0.5-10 mm.
Further, the double heat sources are respectively a gas metal arc welding (front heat source) welding heat source and a non-gas metal arc welding (back heat source) welding heat source; wherein, the front heat source is responsible for heating the workpiece, filling wires and providing gas protection, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection; the back heat source is responsible for heating the back of the workpiece and protecting the gas, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection or alternating current.
Further, the energy parameters of the front heat source and the back heat source mainly comprise the welding voltage of the front heat source, the wire feeding speed and the argon flow; welding current and argon flow of a reverse heat source; welding speed; the position parameters of the two heat sources comprise a distance d1 between the front heat source and the center of the weld joint and a distance d2 between the back heat source and the center of the weld joint, wherein the distances are perpendicular to the welding direction (the distance is plus close to the steel side and minus close to the copper side); the distance d3 between the front heat source and the back heat source is along the welding direction (the front and the back of the front heat source are positive and negative); the front heat source end is at a height from the workpiece, and the back heat source end is at a distance from the workpiece.
Furthermore, the welding method adopts a mode of adjusting the position parameters of the heat source to enable the front and back heat sources to be close to one side of the high-heat-conductivity metal, so that the energy of the high-heat-conductivity metal side is improved, and the weld joint forming of the joint is ensured.
Furthermore, the front heat source and the back heat source are inclined backwards by a certain angle along the welding direction, and the preheating effect on the high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal, particularly the high-heat-conductivity metal, is obtained by inclining the front heat source and the back heat source backwards by a certain angle in the welding direction.
Further, the method comprises the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: butt joint of workpieces: the to-be-welded part of the welded large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal workpiece is horizontally placed at the center of the through groove of the tooling table in a parallel mode, and the butt joint gap between the two plates is 0-1 mm.
Step two: setting welding energy parameters: the welding voltage of a front heat source is 13-25V, the wire feeding speed is 2-10.5m/min, and the argon flow is 15-30L/min; the welding current of a reverse heat source is 60-200A, and the argon flow is 15-30L/min; the welding speed is 3-30mm/s, and the welding parameters of the two heat sources are fixed in the welding process.
Step three: setting welding position parameters vertical to a welding direction (the side close to steel is plus the side close to copper is minus), wherein a front heat source is 0.4-0mm away from the center of a welding line, and a back heat source is 2-0mm away from the center of the welding line; along the welding direction (the front side heat source is plus and the back side is plus), the position of the front side heat source from the back side heat source is minus 2-plus 2mm, the height of the front side heat source end from the workpiece is 6-12mm, the distance of the back side heat source end from the workpiece is 2-5mm, and the two heat sources are fixed by a clamp.
Step four: adjusting the angle of a heat source: the inclination angle of the front heat source in the welding direction and the direction of the central axes of the two heat sources is adjusted to be 0-20 degrees, and the inclination angle of the back heat source in the welding direction and the direction of the central axes of the two heat sources is adjusted to be 0-20 degrees.
Step five: welding: and starting the two heat sources, enabling the workpiece to move at a constant speed along the welding direction, and welding under the common heating of the front and back heat sources.
Step six: and when the welding is finished and the heat source of the front surface and the back surface is closed, the workpiece stops moving.
The device for realizing the double-heat-source cooperative welding method of the high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material comprises a consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun, a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun, a welding workbench empty groove, a consumable electrode gas shielded welding power supply, a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding power supply, a welding workbench controller, a high-heat-conductivity metal copper plate, a low-heat-conductivity metal steel plate, a welding gun clamp I and a welding gun clamp II; the welding workbench is a universal workbench, and a welding workbench empty groove is formed in the middle of the welding workbench and is connected with a welding workbench controller; the high-thermal-conductivity metal copper and the low-thermal-conductivity metal plate are parallel to the empty groove of the welding platform and are arranged on two symmetrical sides of the empty groove; the first welding gun clamp and the second welding gun clamp are completely identical in structure and are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the welding workbench; the welding gun of the gas metal arc welding heat source is fixed by a welding gun clamp I and is connected with the gas metal arc welding heat source; the non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun is fixed by a welding gun clamp II and is connected with a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source;
the double-heat-source cooperative welding method can set the welding voltage of a front heat source, the wire feeding speed and the argon flow by controlling the gas metal arc welding power supply, and set the welding current of a back heat source and the argon flow by the non-gas metal arc welding power supply; the heat source welding gun is controlled to be in the distance between two welding heat sources along the welding direction, the distance between the two heat sources perpendicular to the welding direction and the center of a welding seam and the distance between the two heat source ends and a welding workpiece by changing the position of a welding gun clamp in a three-dimensional space; the inclination angle of the welding heat source in a plane parallel to the welding direction can be obtained through the rotation of the welding gun clamp; the welding workbench can be matched with the universal fixture to fix the position of the welding plate; the workbench controller controls the operation speed of the workbench during welding; in the welding process, the welding power supply of the gas metal arc welding and the welding power supply of the non-gas metal arc welding are controlled to be welded with the workbench controller.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention discloses a double-heat-source cooperative welding method for a high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material, which is mainly used for heating a joint by adopting double heat sources on the front and back sides simultaneously and optimizing the distribution of welding energy in the joint by controlling energy parameters and position parameters of the two heat sources when the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal is connected, so that the energy loss caused by the high thermal conductivity of the joint is compensated, and the forming problem of the joint is solved. Meanwhile, the welding temperature of the metal at the low heat conductivity side is controlled, so that the welding problem caused by overheating is prevented, and the welding quality of the joint is improved;
2. the high-thermal-conductivity metal material double-heat-source cooperative welding device provided by the invention realizes the accurate positioning of a welding heat source in a three-dimensional space, ensures the accurate regulation and control of energy distribution during the high-thermal-conductivity metal material double-heat-source cooperative welding, and has the advantages of simple equipment, convenience in operation and accurate control.
3. The non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source directly heats the back of the joint and provides welding gas protection, so that the back of the joint is greatly promoted to be formed;
4. the preheating effect on high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal, particularly high-thermal-conductivity metal, is obtained by adopting a mode that a front heat source and a back heat source are inclined backwards by a certain angle in the welding direction, so that the single-pass welding and double-side forming of the workpiece are realized;
5. in the welding process, welding heat source parameters and the relative position of a heat source are fixed, and welding is carried out in a workpiece moving mode, so that the welding stability is ensured;
6. the two heat sources on the front side and the back side are heated simultaneously, and a synergistic effect is achieved between the two heat sources, so that the heat efficiency can be effectively improved, the welding heat input is reduced, and the single-pass welding double-side forming of the lower joint with low heat input is facilitated;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-heat-source cooperative welding method and device for a high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a double-heat-source cooperative welding method for high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal materials in a direction perpendicular to a welding direction and a schematic diagram in a direction parallel to the welding direction,
the welding method comprises the following steps of 1-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source, 2-non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source, 3-welding workbench, 301-welding workbench empty groove, 4-consumable electrode gas shielded welding power source, 5-non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding power source, 6-welding workbench controller, 7-high-heat-conductivity metal copper plate, 8-low-heat-conductivity metal steel plate, 9-welding gun clamp I and 10-welding gun clamp II.
Distance d between the front heat source and the center of the weld joint1Distance d between heat source on reverse side and center of weld2Distance d between front heat source and back heat source3The front heat source inclination angle α and the back heat source inclination angle β;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a 3mm steel-copper dual heat source cooperative welded joint.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting. The following are preferred embodiments of the present invention:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a double-heat-source cooperative welding method for connecting a large-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material, which is characterized in that when the large-heat-conductivity mismatched metal is welded, double heat sources are adopted to heat the front and back surfaces of a joint simultaneously, energy distribution of the joint is optimized by controlling energy parameters and position parameters of the two heat sources, heat input at the side of a high-heat-conductivity metal is increased to compensate heat loss caused by higher heat conductivity, welding temperature at the side of a low-heat-conductivity metal is controlled, welding forming problems of the large-heat-conductivity mismatched metal material are solved, welding quality of the joint is improved, a preheating effect of the joint is obtained by inclining the two heat sources at the front and back surfaces at a certain angle in a welding direction, and single-pass welding double-surface forming of the joint is realized without auxiliary measures such as grooving, preheating before welding and the. In addition, the direct heating and the gas protection of the heat source to the back of the joint greatly promote the wetting and spreading of the weld metal on the back of the base metal, and improve the weld forming. In the method, the connection of the mismatch metal with large heat conductivity is that the metal copper with high heat conductivity is butted with the plate of the metal steel with low heat conductivity, and the thickness of the plate is 0.5-10 mm; the double heat sources are respectively a gas metal arc welding (front heat source) heat source and a non-gas metal arc welding (back heat source) heat source; wherein, the front heat source is responsible for heating the workpiece, filling wires and providing gas protection, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection; the back heat source is responsible for heating the back of the workpiece and protecting the gas, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection or alternating current; the gas metal arc welding heat source and the non-gas metal arc welding gasThe welding heat source of the body-shielded welding adopts argon (Ar) for protection, and the gas flow is 15-30L/min; the energy parameters of the front heat source and the back heat source mainly comprise the welding voltage of the front heat source, the wire feeding speed, the welding current of the back heat source and the welding speed; the position parameters of the two heat sources comprise the position parameters which are vertical to the welding direction (close to the copper side and close to the steel side), and the distance d between the front heat source and the center of the welding seam1Distance d between heat source on reverse side and center of weld2(ii) a Along the welding direction (front and back of the front heat source are positive and negative), the distance d between the front heat source and the back heat source is negative3. After a gas metal arc welding heat source and a non-gas metal arc welding heat source are fixed by a welding gun clamp, the welding voltage, the wire feeding speed and the argon flow of the front heat source can be set by controlling a gas metal arc welding power supply, and the welding current and the argon flow of the back heat source are set by the non-gas metal arc welding power supply; the heat source welding gun is controlled to be in the distance between two welding heat sources along the welding direction, the distance between the two heat sources perpendicular to the welding direction and the center of a welding seam and the distance between the two heat source ends and a welding workpiece by changing the position of a welding gun clamp in a three-dimensional space; the inclination angle of the welding heat source in a plane parallel to the welding direction can be obtained through the rotation of the welding gun clamp; the welding workbench can be matched with the universal fixture to fix the position of the welding plate; the workbench controller controls the operation speed of the workbench during welding; in the welding process, the welding power supply of the gas metal arc welding and the welding power supply of the non-gas metal arc welding are controlled to be welded with the workbench controller.
The implementation mode comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: butt joint of workpieces: horizontally placing the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal workpiece at the central position of the through groove of the tooling table in a parallel mode, wherein the butt joint gap of the two plates is 0-1 mm;
step two: setting welding energy parameters: the welding voltage of the front heat source is 13-25V, the wire feeding speed is 2-10.5m/min, the welding current of the back heat source is 60-300A, the welding speed is 3-30mm/s, and the welding parameters of the two heat sources are fixed in the welding process;
step three: setting welding position parameters vertical to a welding direction (the side close to steel is plus the side close to copper is minus), wherein a front heat source is 0.4-0mm away from the center of a welding line, and a back heat source is 2-0mm away from the center of the welding line; along the welding direction (the front side heat source is plus and the back side heat source is minus 2-plus 2 mm), the front side heat source is far away from the back side heat source, and the two heat sources are fixed by a clamp; the height of the front heat source from the workpiece is 6-15mm, and the distance of the back heat source from the workpiece is 2-5 mm;
step four: adjusting the angle of a heat source: adjusting the inclination angle of the front heat source in the welding direction in the direction of the central axes of the two heat sources to be 0-20 degrees, and adjusting the inclination angle of the back heat source in the welding direction in the direction of the central axes of the two heat sources to be 0-20 degrees;
step five: welding: starting the two heat sources, enabling the workpiece to move at a constant speed along the welding direction, and welding under the common heating of the front and back heat sources;
step six: and when the welding is finished and the heat source of the front surface and the back surface is closed, the workpiece stops moving.
In order to embody the beneficial effect of the double-heat-source cooperative welding method in welding the mismatch metal with large heat conductivity, the embodiment performs plate butt joint on the steel-copper dissimilar metal with the thickness of 3 mm. The beneficial effects of the present invention are verified by the following specific examples:
detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: butt joint of workpieces: horizontally placing the to-be-welded part of the to-be-welded large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal workpiece at the central position of the through groove of the tooling table in a parallel mode, wherein the butt joint gap of the two plates is 0.3 mm;
step two: setting welding energy parameters: the welding voltage of a front heat source is 15.5V, the wire feeding speed is 3.5m/min, and the argon flow is 15L/min; the welding current of the reverse heat source is 180A, and the argon flow is 15L/min; the welding speed is 9mm/s, and the welding parameters of the two heat sources are fixed in the welding process;
step three: setting welding position parameters along the welding direction (the front part of the front heat source is plus and the back part is minus), wherein the position of the front heat source is 0mm away from the position of the back heat source; perpendicular to the welding direction (the side close to steel is plus the side close to copper is minus), the front heat source is minus 0.4mm away from the center of the welding seam, the back heat source is minus 2mm away from the center of the welding seam, the front heat source end is 10mm away from the workpiece, the back heat source end is 3mm away from the workpiece, and the two heat sources are fixed by a clamp;
step four: adjusting the angle of a heat source: adjusting the inclination angle of the front heat source in the welding direction to be 0 degree with the central axis direction of the two heat sources, and adjusting the inclination angle of the back heat source in the welding direction to be 0 degree with the central axis direction of the two heat sources;
step five: welding: starting the two heat sources, enabling the workpiece to move at a constant speed along the welding direction, and welding under the common heating of the front and back heat sources;
step six: and when the welding is finished and the heat source of the front surface and the back surface is closed, the workpiece stops moving.
Fig. 3 shows the shape of the front and back sides of the butt joint of the steel-copper metal plate obtained in embodiment 1, wherein the front and back sides of the butt joint have no welding defects such as cracks and spatters, the weld is uniformly spread, and the butt joint is excellent in forming. The welded joints are broken and in a heat affected zone of the base metal, the average tensile strength of the joints is 228MPa, and the strength of the joints reaches 84% of that of the copper base metal. The double-heat-source cooperative welding method is adopted to connect the steel-copper high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal, single-pass welding double-face forming of the steel-copper high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal is realized under the condition of no auxiliary measures such as preheating, beveling and the like, and a welding joint with reliable quality is obtained.
Claims (6)
1. A double-heat-source cooperative welding method for a high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material is characterized in that when the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal is welded, double heat sources are adopted to heat the front and the back of a joint simultaneously, the energy distribution of the joint is optimized by controlling energy parameters and position parameters of the two heat sources, the heat input at the side of a high-thermal-conductivity metal is increased to compensate the heat loss caused by higher thermal conductivity, the welding temperature at the side of a low-thermal-conductivity metal is controlled, the problem of welding and forming the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material is solved, and the welding quality of the joint is improved;
the connection of the mismatch metal with large heat conductivity is the butt joint of a plate of metal copper with high heat conductivity and metal steel with low heat conductivity, and the thickness of the plate is 0.5-10 mm;
the double-heat-source cooperative welding method for the thermal conductivity mismatch metal material comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: butt joint of workpieces: horizontally placing the to-be-welded part of the welded large-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal workpiece at the center of the through groove of the workbench in a parallel mode, wherein the butt joint gap of the two plates is 0-1 mm;
step two: setting welding energy parameters: the welding voltage of a front heat source is 13-25V, the wire feeding speed is 2-10.5m/min, and the argon flow is 15-30L/min; the welding current of a reverse heat source is 60-200A, and the argon flow is 15-30L/min; the welding speed is 3-30mm/s, and the welding parameters of the two heat sources are fixed in the welding process;
step three: setting welding position parameters vertical to the welding direction, wherein the welding position parameters are plus close to the steel side and minus close to the copper side, the front heat source is 0.4-0mm away from the center of the welding seam, and the back heat source is 2-0mm away from the center of the welding seam; along the welding direction, the front side heat source is plus, the back side heat source is minus 2-plus 2mm away from the back side heat source, the height of the front side heat source end is 6-12mm away from the workpiece, the distance of the back side heat source end is 2-5mm away from the workpiece, and the two heat sources are fixed by a clamp;
step four: adjusting the angle of a heat source: adjusting the inclination angle of the front heat source in the welding direction and the central axis direction of the two heat sources to be 0-20 degrees, and adjusting the inclination angle of the back heat source in the welding direction and the central axis direction of the two heat sources to be 0-20 degrees;
step five: welding: starting the two heat sources, enabling the workpiece to move at a constant speed along the welding direction, and welding under the common heating of the front and back heat sources;
step six: and when the welding is finished and the heat source of the front surface and the back surface is closed, the workpiece stops moving.
2. The double-heat-source cooperative welding method for the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the double heat sources are a consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source and a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source respectively; the welding heat source of the gas metal arc welding is a front heat source, the welding heat source of the non-gas metal arc welding is a back heat source, the front heat source is responsible for heating a workpiece, filling wires and providing gas protection, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection; the back heat source is responsible for heating the back of the workpiece and protecting the gas, and the power supply adopts direct current reverse connection or alternating current.
3. The double-heat-source cooperative welding method for the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the energy parameters of the front heat source and the back heat source mainly comprise the welding voltage of the front heat source, the wire feeding speed, the argon flow, the welding current of the back heat source and the argon flow; welding speed; the position parameters of the two heat sources comprise the position parameters which are vertical to the welding direction, are close to the steel side, are close to the copper side, are close to the front heat source and the welding seam center, and the position parameters of the front heat source and the back heat source are close to the welding seam center; along the welding direction, the front side heat source is arranged in front of the welding head, the rear side of the welding head is arranged in back, and the front side heat source is arranged at a distance from the back side heat source; the front heat source end is at a height from the workpiece, and the back heat source end is at a distance from the workpiece.
4. The double-heat-source cooperative welding method for the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy of the high-thermal-conductivity metal side is increased by adjusting the position parameters of the heat sources to enable the heat sources on the front side and the back side to be close to the high-thermal-conductivity metal side, so that the weld joint formation of the joint is ensured; the front heat source and the back heat source are inclined backward by a certain angle along the welding direction, and the preheating effect on the high-heat-conductivity mismatched metal, particularly the high-heat-conductivity metal, is obtained by inclining the front heat source and the back heat source backward by a certain angle in the welding direction.
5. The device for realizing the double-heat-source cooperative welding method for the mismatch metal material with high thermal conductivity according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising a consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun, a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun, a welding workbench empty groove, a consumable electrode gas shielded welding power supply, a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding power supply, a welding workbench controller, a high-thermal-conductivity metal copper plate, a low-thermal-conductivity metal steel plate, a welding gun clamp I and a welding gun clamp II; the welding workbench is a universal workbench, a welding workbench empty groove is formed in the middle of the welding workbench, and the welding workbench is connected with a welding workbench controller; the high-thermal-conductivity metal copper plate and the low-thermal-conductivity metal steel plate are parallel to the empty groove of the welding platform and are arranged on two symmetrical sides of the empty groove; the first welding gun clamp and the second welding gun clamp are completely identical in structure and are respectively arranged on the front side and the back side of the welding workbench; the welding gun of the welding heat source of the gas metal arc welding is fixed by a welding gun clamp I and is connected with a welding power supply of the gas metal arc welding; and the non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding heat source welding gun is fixed by the welding gun clamp II and is connected with a non-consumable electrode gas shielded welding power supply.
6. The device for the double-heat-source cooperative welding method of the high-thermal-conductivity mismatched metal material is characterized in that the double-heat-source cooperative welding device sets the welding voltage of the front heat source, the wire feeding speed and the argon flow by controlling the welding power supply of the gas metal arc welding, and sets the welding current of the back heat source and the argon flow by controlling the welding power supply of the non-gas metal arc welding; the heat source welding gun is controlled to be in the distance between two welding heat sources along the welding direction, the distance between the two heat sources perpendicular to the welding direction and the center of a welding seam and the distance between the two heat source ends and a welding workpiece by changing the position of a welding gun clamp in a three-dimensional space; the inclination angle of the welding heat source in a plane parallel to the welding direction is obtained through the rotation of the welding gun clamp; the welding workbench is matched with the universal fixture to fix the position of the welding plate; the workbench controller controls the operation speed of the workbench during welding; in the welding process, the welding power supply of the gas metal arc welding and the welding power supply of the non-gas metal arc welding are controlled to be welded with the workbench controller.
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| CN110340559A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 哈尔滨现代焊接技术有限公司 | Welding deformation and joint quality control method |
| CN113210837B (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2022-05-03 | 四川航天长征装备制造有限公司 | Double-speed double-shaft-shoulder internal material supplementing type friction stir welding device |
| CN113878236B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-12-19 | 浙江安防职业技术学院 | Method for synchronously welding T-shaped dissimilar metal joint by three laser beams |
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| US20140263191A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | System and method of welding stainless steel to copper |
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