CN114713964B - Magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method - Google Patents
Magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114713964B CN114713964B CN202011530844.9A CN202011530844A CN114713964B CN 114713964 B CN114713964 B CN 114713964B CN 202011530844 A CN202011530844 A CN 202011530844A CN 114713964 B CN114713964 B CN 114713964B
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- magnesium
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- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
- B23K20/106—Features related to sonotrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar metal material welding, in particular to a magnetic field capable of effectively improving the welding performance of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal and a current-assisted aluminum-magnesium ultrasonic solid-phase connection method.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar metal material welding, in particular to a magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method capable of effectively improving aluminum magnesium dissimilar metal welding performance.
The background technology is as follows:
along with the increasing prominence of global environmental problems, energy conservation and emission reduction become hot spot problems of attention of various countries in the world at present. Transportation means such as automobiles, trains, ships and the like are counted as a main source of global greenhouse gas emission. Taking an automobile as an example, the oil consumption of 0.6L and the CO2 emission of 500g can be reduced every hundred kilometers when the overall weight of the automobile is reduced by 100 kg. Meanwhile, the operability, the acceleration and the braking performance of the automobile can be obviously improved by reducing the dead weight of the automobile. Therefore, the light-weight design and manufacture of vehicles are the key directions of the development of the automobile industry in various countries in the world, and the adoption of light-weight metal materials to replace the traditional steel structure becomes one of the most effective ways of light weight of automobiles.
Because the density of aluminum is only one third of that of steel, the aluminum has good corrosion resistance; the density of magnesium is two thirds of that of aluminum, and the magnesium has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, good shock absorption performance and the like, and is the lightest metal engineering structural material at present. Therefore, the aluminum and magnesium alloy conforming members can further realize the light weight of the automobile structure, and the respective advantages of the aluminum and magnesium alloy are fully utilized. According to the prediction of the United states department of energy, the aluminum/magnesium alloy and the composite material in the automobile body material of 2035 are more than 50 percent. However, because of the great difference in magnesium and aluminum mutual solubility, melting point, coefficient of linear expansion and the like, a compact oxide film is easily formed on the magnesium and aluminum mutual solubility. The conventional fusion welding method is easy to form defects such as cracks, air holes and the like at joints, and simultaneously generates a large amount of brittle Mg-Al intermetallic compounds, so that the welding between the two is difficult to realize. In addition, the aluminum and magnesium braze welding diffusion welding joint has lower shearing strength and needs vacuum environment, so that the requirement of large-scale industrial production cannot be met.
Because the temperature of the welding process is lower, the solid phase connection technologies such as ultrasonic welding, friction stir welding and the like can effectively inhibit the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds between aluminum and magnesium dissimilar materials, thereby remarkably improving the mechanical connection strength of an aluminum/magnesium welding joint and gradually becoming a research hot spot of aluminum/magnesium welding. However, the friction stir welding method has higher requirements on material specification and assembly conditions, and is more limited by welding space; in addition, the ultrasonic welding method is limited by the performance of power devices such as piezoelectric ceramics, the ultrasonic output power is generally difficult to exceed 10kW at present, and the price of high-power ultrasonic equipment is high, so that the industrial mass production and application of the two methods are greatly limited for various reasons.
The invention comprises the following steps:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method capable of effectively improving the welding performance of aluminum magnesium dissimilar metals.
The invention is achieved by the following measures:
a magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method is characterized in that after aluminum materials to be welded and magnesium materials are assembled and fixed, ultrasonic roll welding connection is completed under the assistance of current and a magnetic field, wherein the current is applied to the materials to be welded by a positive electrode roller and a negative electrode roller which are positioned on the same side of an ultrasonic roll welding die, the magnetic field is a constant magnetic field, and the strength range is 2-50mt.
The ultrasonic energy field, the resistance thermal field under the action of current and the constant magnetic field are acted on the welding interface of the aluminum material and the magnesium material at the side of the aluminum material, wherein the aluminum material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the magnesium material is magnesium or magnesium alloy.
The invention also comprises a plating layer arranged on the surface layer to be welded of the magnesium material so as to effectively inhibit the direct reaction of an aluminum-magnesium interface, wherein the plating layer adopts a zinc plating layer or a tin plating layer.
The thickness of the aluminum material and the magnesium material is not more than 2mm.
According to the invention, when aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal ultrasonic solid phase connection is performed, the positive and negative electrode guide wheels are adopted to apply current on the aluminum side so as to generate internal joule heat, the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum side is enhanced under the action of heat, the conduction of ultrasonic energy from top to bottom is facilitated, and meanwhile, the requirement of the ultrasonic energy in the aluminum/magnesium welding process is reduced. In addition, the direct reaction of an aluminum-magnesium interface can be effectively inhibited by prefabricating a coating (low-melting point third metal) on the magnesium side, and the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface is obviously reduced; on the basis, a transverse magnetic field is applied in the ultrasonic wave roll welding process, the diffusion or reaction process of interface atoms is influenced through the action of current and magnetic field, the regulation and control of heterogeneous interface tissues are finally realized, and the welding mechanical property of the aluminum/magnesium dissimilar metal joint is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the tensile test results of the aluminum/magnesium in the present invention.
Reference numerals: the welding device comprises a positive electrode roller 1, an ultrasonic wave roll welding die 2, a magnetic field 3, a negative electrode roller 4, an aluminum alloy plate 5, a magnesium alloy plate 6, a welding platform 7 and a plating layer 8.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method, which is characterized in that when aluminum magnesium dissimilar metal ultrasonic solid phase connection is carried out, positive and negative electrode guide wheels are adopted to apply current on the aluminum side so as to generate internal resistance heat, and further plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum side is enhanced under the action of heat, thereby being beneficial to conduction of ultrasonic energy from top to bottom. In addition, the direct reaction of an aluminum-magnesium interface can be effectively inhibited by prefabricating a coating (low-melting point third metal) on the magnesium side, and the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface is obviously reduced; on the basis, a transverse magnetic field is applied in the ultrasonic wave roll welding process, and the diffusion or reaction process of interface atoms is influenced through electromagnetic action, so that the aim of regulating and controlling the heterogeneous interface tissue is finally achieved; wherein the ultrasonic energy field, the current heat-resistant field and the magnetic field are cooperatively coupled in the aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal connecting process to jointly act with an aluminum-magnesium interface; the set temperature range of the aluminum side material is 50-300 ℃; the prefabricated coating is zinc, tin and other low-melting-point metals;
the transverse magnetic field is a constant magnetic field, and the set intensity range is 2-50mt.
The positive and negative electrode guide wheels are made of brass, the width of the guide wheels is 20mm, and the diameter of the guide wheels is not more than 50mm.
The aluminum side material is pure aluminum and aluminum alloy, and the thickness of the aluminum and magnesium material is not more than 2mm.
Example 1
Firstly, fixedly assembling an aluminum alloy plate 5 and a magnesium alloy plate 6 above a welding platform 7 according to a structure of a drawing; wherein the surface coating 8 of the magnesium alloy plate is prepared by electrochemical, cold spraying and other surface modification methods; then placing a positive electrode roller 1 and a negative electrode roller 3 which are respectively connected with the positive terminal and the negative terminal of a current source on the upper surface of an aluminum alloy plate 5, and placing an ultrasonic roll welding die 2 between the positive electrode roller 1 and the negative electrode roller 3 and rolling along the direction of the drawing; in the welding process, constant pressure is applied to the ultrasonic wave roll welding die 2, the positive electrode roller 1 and the negative electrode roller 3 so as to ensure effective transmission of current and ultrasonic energy; the planar magnetic field 3 and the current application region coincide with the ultrasonic energy application region to achieve coupling of the multi-energy fields. Through the technical characteristics, the high-efficiency and high-quality connection of aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal materials can be realized, and the aluminum/magnesium welded joint is broken in a magnesium side base metal region through tensile test.
According to the invention, when aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal ultrasonic solid phase connection is performed, the positive and negative electrode guide wheels are adopted to apply current on the aluminum side so as to generate internal joule heat, the plastic deformation capacity of the aluminum side is enhanced under the action of heat, the conduction of ultrasonic energy from top to bottom is facilitated, and meanwhile, the requirement of the ultrasonic energy in the aluminum/magnesium welding process is reduced. In addition, the direct reaction of an aluminum-magnesium interface can be effectively inhibited by prefabricating a coating (low-melting point third metal) on the magnesium side, and the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface is obviously reduced; on the basis, a transverse magnetic field is applied in the ultrasonic wave roll welding process, the diffusion or reaction process of interface atoms is influenced through the action of current and magnetic field, the regulation and control of heterogeneous interface tissues are finally realized, and the welding mechanical property of the aluminum/magnesium dissimilar metal joint is improved.
Claims (1)
1. A magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method is characterized in that after an aluminum material to be welded and a magnesium material are assembled and fixed, ultrasonic roll welding connection is completed under the assistance of current and a magnetic field, wherein the current is applied to the material to be welded through a positive electrode roller and a negative electrode roller which are positioned on the same side of an ultrasonic roll welding die, the magnetic field is a constant magnetic field, the strength range is 2-50mt, a resistance thermal field under the action of the ultrasonic energy field, the resistance thermal field under the action of the current and the constant magnetic field are all acted on a welding interface of the aluminum material and the magnesium material through the aluminum material side, the aluminum material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, the magnesium material is magnesium or magnesium alloy, a plating layer is arranged on a surface layer to be welded of the magnesium material so as to effectively inhibit direct reaction of the aluminum magnesium interface, the plating layer adopts a zinc plating layer or a tin plating layer, and the thickness of the aluminum material and the magnesium material is not more than 2mm; when aluminum-magnesium dissimilar metal ultrasonic solid phase connection is carried out, a positive electrode guide wheel and a negative electrode guide wheel are adopted to apply current on the aluminum side so as to generate internal joule heat, thereby being beneficial to the conduction of ultrasonic energy from top to bottom, reducing the requirement on ultrasonic energy in the aluminum/magnesium welding process, and reducing the formation of intermetallic compounds at the interface by effectively inhibiting the direct reaction of an aluminum-magnesium interface through a prefabricated coating on the magnesium side; meanwhile, a transverse magnetic field is applied in the ultrasonic wave roll welding process, the diffusion or reaction process of interface atoms is influenced through the action of current and magnetic field, the regulation and control of the heterogeneous interface structure are finally realized, and the welding mechanical property of the aluminum/magnesium dissimilar metal joint is improved.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011530844.9A CN114713964B (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method |
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| CN202011530844.9A CN114713964B (en) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Magnetic field and current auxiliary type aluminum magnesium ultrasonic solid phase connection method |
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| CN114713964A CN114713964A (en) | 2022-07-08 |
| CN114713964B true CN114713964B (en) | 2024-02-06 |
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