CN102145439A - Method for carrying out heterogeneous resistance brazing on steel and aluminium alloy - Google Patents
Method for carrying out heterogeneous resistance brazing on steel and aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102145439A CN102145439A CN 201110110937 CN201110110937A CN102145439A CN 102145439 A CN102145439 A CN 102145439A CN 201110110937 CN201110110937 CN 201110110937 CN 201110110937 A CN201110110937 A CN 201110110937A CN 102145439 A CN102145439 A CN 102145439A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for carrying out heterogeneous resistance brazing on steel and an aluminium alloy, which relates to an improvement of the method for carrying out heterogeneous resistance spot welding on the steel and the aluminium alloy. The method comprises the following steps of placing mesothermal brazing filler metal such as Zn-Al and the like between an upper surface of the steel and a lower surface of the aluminium alloy, wherein the brazing filler metal can be of a sheet or foil shape, or a coating is sprayed on a surface to be brazed in advance and the thickness of the brazing filler metal is in the range of 0.05 to 0.5mm; setting resistance spot welding parameters, wherein the welding current is in the range of 6,000 to 14,000A, the welding time is in the range of 10C to 60C and a welding pressure is in the range of 0.7KN to 5KN; starting resistance spot welding; and then naturally cooling a weldment. By the method, connection with low electrode abrasion loss and joints without the copper component is realized on the premise of meeting the strength of the heterogeneous resistance brazing of the steel and the aluminium alloy, no Fe-Al intermetallic compounds are generated in joint tissues and the service life of an electrode is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention addresses the technology of the steel that will need by resistance brazing and aluminium welding in assembling procedures such as automobile, machine components.
Background technology
In recent years; environmental issue more and more is subjected to the attention of countries in the world; particularly auto industry is for fuel savings, protection environment, constantly make great efforts to alleviate vehicle weight; therefore in auto industry is produced; adopt " steel+aluminium " bimetallic Welding Structure to become the light-weighted preferred option of automobile, this must relate to the connection between aluminium and two kinds of materials of steel.The light-weighted requirement of automobile must relate to the welding between the aluminum steel, and the welding between the aluminum steel is the hot issue and the difficult point problem of welding field always, the subject matter of aluminum steel welding be between the two lower, the thermophysical property of solid solubility differ greatly, and both very easily react the intermetallic compound that generates fragility, and the intermetallic compound of this fragility has greatly reduced the mechanical property of welding point.
Since the sixties in 20th century, many scholars have just carried out detailed research to the connection between the aluminum steel, and the welding between the aluminum steel almost relates to the whole bag of tricks of welding field, it can be divided into pressure welding, soldering and melting welding substantially.The welding of steel and aluminium, have following characteristics (Liu Zhongqing, Liu Kai. dissimilar metal solder technology guide [M]. China Machine Press, 1997):
(1) iron and aluminium can form solid solution, and intermetallic compound can form eutectic again.
When (2) eutectic temperature was 645 ℃, the solubility of iron in aluminium was 0.053%; Eutectic temperature is in the time of 225～600 ℃, and solubility is 0.01%～0.022%; When room temperature, solubility is 0.002%.
(3) in weld seam, contain micro-iron and aluminium, intermetallic compound (FeAl can occur in the cooling procedure
3) crystal grain.The mass fraction of iron reaches 1.8%, can form Al+FeAl at 645 ℃
3Eutectic.
(4) along with the increase of iron-holder in the aluminium, also compound F 17-hydroxy-corticosterone e can appear
2A
L7(mass fraction of Al is 62.93%), Fe
2Al
5(mass fraction of Al is 54.71%) etc. wherein has only Fe
2Al
5Can melt at a certain temperature, infusible compound brings very big difficulty to welding.
(5) because iron and aluminum or aluminum alloy are in the compound state, the intensity of weld seam and hardness are improved, plasticity descends.Therefore, the weldability of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy is relatively poor.
And the weldability of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy is relatively poor, thus welding the time exist following problem (Liu Zhongqing. the welding-steel of steel and non-ferrous metal and the welding of aluminium [J]. the welding .2003 of dissimilar metal):
(1) soldered head oxidation easily.When steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy welding, easily form the oxide-film of infusibility on aluminum mother plate metal joint surface.This oxide-film also can be present in weld pool surface, and temperature is high more, and the oxide-film of weld pool surface is thick more.This oxide-film hinders the combination of liquid metal, makes weld seam be easy to generate slag inclusion, and mechanical property reduces.
(2) composition of weld line is inhomogeneous.Because the fusing point of steel is than the fusing point height (steel is 1530 ℃, and aluminium is 660 ℃) of aluminium, so when welding, aluminium is molten into liquid state fully and steel still is in solid-state.Simultaneously, (steel is 7.87g/cm to the density of two kinds of base metals
3, aluminium is 2.69g/cm
3) differ greatly, when steel melted fully, liquid aluminium floated over above the molten steel, and composition of weld line is inhomogeneous behind the crystallisation by cooling.
(3) welding deformation is big.Because thermal conductivity, the linear expansion coefficient of steel and aluminium differ bigger, easily cause very big stress during welding, welding point can produce serious deformation, even causes crackle.
(4) welding point is easy to generate crackle.In the welding process of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy, can produce various intermetallic compounds (FeAl, FeAl
2, FeAl
3, Fe
2Al
5And Fe
2Al
7Deng), this has just increased the fragility of weld seam, has reduced the plasticity and the toughness of weld seam, and under the welding stress effect, welding point is easy to crack, even drawing crack.
When steel and aluminium welding, there is above difficulty, must takes the special process measure and select suitable welding method, could obtain satisfied welding point.At present, the welding procedure of steel and aluminium and aluminium alloy can be divided into melting, pressure welding and soldering.Melting comprises argon arc welding, gas welding, electron beam welding; And pressure welding comprises friction welding (FW), diffusion welding (DW), explosive welding (EW).Above-mentioned welding method all is at the thickness that reduces the Fe-Al intermetallic compound, but can not be from basic elimination Fe-Al intermetallic compound.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of easy realization, make the steel that welding quality is improved and the method for aluminium alloy resistance soldering, adopt the intermediate layer, avoid the generation of Fe-Al intermetallic compound, help welding point.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The heterogeneous resistance brazing method of a kind of steel and aluminium alloy, the step of described method is as follows: intermediate temperature solders such as Zn-Al are placed between the lower surface of the upper surface of steel and aluminium alloy, solder can be a sheet, paper tinsel shape, coating or be sprayed on welding surface in advance.Solder thickness is 0.05 ~ 0.5mm, and the resistance spot welding parameter is set, and welding current is 7000 ~ 14000A, and be 10C ~ 50C weld interval, and welding pressure is 0.7KN ~ 5KN, and starting resistance spot welding is cooled off naturally with the relief weldment and to be got final product.
The present invention can realize that the steel and the heterogeneous resistance brazing of aluminium alloy are satisfied under the prerequisite of intensity and realize that the little and joint of wear to electrodes amount does not have being connected of general copper that joint microstructure does not have the Fe-Al intermetallic compound and generates, and improves electrode life.
Solder of the present invention can be the intermediate temperature solder of Zn-Al system or Al-Si system.The thickness of steel is 0.3 ~ 3mm.The thickness of aluminium alloy is 0.4 ~ 4mm, and material can be an industrial pure Al and aluminium alloy system, is a kind of in the alloy as Al-Cu system, Al-Mn system, Al-Si system, Al-Si-Cu system, Al-Si-Mg system, Al-Mg system, Al-Mg-Si system, Al-Zn-Mg.
Steel of the present invention can make steel realize no zinc coat destruction with the resistance brazing method of aluminium alloy and not have being connected of general copper, and joint microstructure does not have the Fe-Al intermetallic compound and generates, and improves electrode life, specifically has the following advantages:
1, this method can not changed under the electrode material, realizes the spot welding of galvanized sheet steel plate and aluminium alloy, and face of weld need not specially treated, and welding cost is low, and joint is reliable, and engineering significance is more satisfactory.
2, the postwelding joint does not have general copper, corrosion resistance that helps welding and electrode life.
3, the joint microstructure of weldment does not have the intermetallic compound generation, helps improving the performance of weldment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is steel and the aluminium alloy resistance soldering gold thread organization chart (wherein welding current is 12000A, weld interval to be that 50C, welding pressure are 0.2MPa) of embodiment 1.
The specific embodiment
The resistance brazing of two-sided hot-dip galvanizing sheet steel of embodiment 1 DX51D and L2Y2 aluminium alloy
The Zn-Al intermediate temperature solder is placed between the lower surface of the upper surface of steel and aluminium alloy, solder can be sheet, paper tinsel shape, coating or be sprayed on welding surface in advance.The resistance spot welding parameter is set, and welding current is 6000 ~ 14000A, and be 10C ~ 60C weld interval, and welding pressure is 0.7KN ~ 5KN, and starting resistance spot welding is cooled off naturally with the relief weldment and to be got final product.
Wherein steel adopts the two-sided hot steel of DX51D, and thickness of slab is 0.9mm, and the double side zinc coating layer thickness is 16.8 μ m; Aluminium alloy adopts the L2Y2 aluminium alloy, and thickness is 0.8mm; Solder is ZA5 alloy (percentage by weight: Zn:89.3%, Al:4.2%, Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Si:0.81%, surplus are impurity), and thickness is 0.3mm, and size is the circular solder sheet of 12mm for diameter.Electrode material is Cr-Zr-Cu, and electrode diameter is 10mm.Associated welds parameter and weldment mechanical property thereof such as table 1, table 2, table 3, table 4.
Table 1 under the different electric currents of P=1.57kN, T=50C brazing member draw shearing
| The experiment sequence number | Parameter (electric current variation) | Average maximum is drawn shearing | Strength of joint is estimated |
| a | 6000A | 0.56 kN | △ |
| b | 8000A | 0.89 kN | △ |
| c | 10000A | 1.19 kN | ○ |
| d | 12000A | 1.64 kN | ⊙ |
Table 2 under the different electric currents of P=1.57kN, T=20C brazing member draw shearing
| The experiment sequence number | Parameter (electric current variation) | Average maximum is drawn shearing | Strength of joint is estimated |
| a | 6000A | 0.39 kN | × |
| b | 8000A | 0.66 kN | △ |
| c | 10000A | 1.08 kN | ○ |
| d | 12000A | 1.40 kN | ○ |
Table 3 under the different conduction times of P=1.57kN, I=12000A brazing member draw shearing
| The experiment sequence number | Weld interval | Average maximum is drawn shearing | Strength of joint is estimated |
| a | 10C | 0.71 kN | △ |
| b | 20C | 1.40 kN | ○ |
| c | 30C | 1.44 kN | ○ |
| d | 40C | 1.57 kN | ⊙ |
| e | 50C | 1.64 kN | ⊙ |
| f | 60C | 1.66 kN | ⊙ |
Table 4 under the different pressures of I=12000A, T=50C brazing member draw shearing
| The experiment sequence number | Parameter (pressure variation) | Average maximum is drawn shearing | Strength of joint is estimated |
| a | 0.785kN | 1．54kN | ⊙ |
| b | 1.57kN | 1．64kN | ⊙ |
| c | 2.355kN | 1．46kN | ○ |
| d | 3.14kN | 1．31kN | ○ |
As the evaluation of strength of joint, weldment has been implemented to draw scissor test.In drawing scissor test, if on average to draw shearing be more than the 1.5KN then be designated as ⊙, be 1.0 ~ 1.5KN then be designated as zero if on average draw to cut, if on average to draw shearing be 0.5 ~ 1.0KN then be designated as △, if on average draw the not enough 0.5KN of shearing then be designated as *.If on average draw shearing not at 1.0-1.5KN(zero) more than, then can not use as structural materials such as automobiles.
The resistance brazing of embodiment 2 mild steel and L2Y2 aluminium alloy
The thickness of slab of low carbon steel plate is 0.9mm; The L2Y2 thickness of aluminum alloy is 1.0mm; Solder is ZA5 alloy (percentage by weight: Zn:89.3%, Al:4.2%, Cu:3.22%, Mg:0.82%, Mn:0.91%, Si:0.81%, surplus are impurity), and thickness is 0.3mm, and size is the circular solder sheet of 12mm for diameter.Electrode material is Cr-Zr-Cu, and electrode diameter is 10mm.Welding parameter is: welding pressure 0.2MPa, and be 50 cycles weld interval, welding current is 12000A.
Claims (6)
1. steel and the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that, the step of described method is as follows: with Zn-Al system or Al-Si is that intermediate temperature solder is placed between the lower surface of the upper surface of steel and aluminium alloy, solder thickness is 0.05 ~ 0.5mm, and the resistance spot welding parameter is set, and welding current is 6000 ~ 14000A, be 10C ~ 60C weld interval, welding pressure is 0.7KN ~ 5KN, and starting resistance spot welding is cooled off naturally with the relief weldment and to be got final product.
2. steel according to claim 1 and the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of aluminium alloy is characterized in that described welding current is 7000 ~ 12000A, and be 10C ~ 50C weld interval.
3. the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of steel according to claim 1 and 2 and aluminium alloy is characterized in that solder is sheet, paper tinsel shape, coating or is sprayed on welding surface in advance.
4. the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of steel according to claim 3 and aluminium alloy, the thickness that it is characterized in that steel is 0.3 ~ 3mm.
5. the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of steel according to claim 4 and aluminium alloy, the thickness that it is characterized in that aluminium alloy is 0.4 ~ 4mm, material is industrial pure Al and aluminium alloy system.
6. the heterogeneous resistance brazing method of steel according to claim 5 and aluminium alloy is characterized in that described aluminium alloy system is that Al-Cu system, Al-Mn system, Al-Si system, Al-Si-Cu system, Al-Si-Mg system, Al-Mg system, Al-Mg-Si system, Al-Zn-Mg are a kind of in the alloy.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102380678A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-03-21 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Resistance brazing welding method for titanium aluminum alloy turbine and steel shaft |
| CN103111743A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-22 | 山东大学 | Rapid welding method for steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| CN103266291B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-04-13 | 新疆大学 | A kind of hot dip aluminum plating Mn series alloy layer method |
| CN105921901A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Resistance point brazing method of steel and aluminum connecting piece |
| CN110866359A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-06 | 重庆理工大学 | Welding simulation method based on modified double-ellipsoid heat source model |
| CN112122758A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ni element-regulated magnetic field-assisted resistance unit welding method for aluminum alloy and steel |
| CN113231753A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Arc surfacing welding friction stir composite welding method for dissimilar metals |
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| CN1676264A (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Resistance welding method of different kinds of materials, and resistance welding member of aluminum alloy material and different kind of material |
| CN101274387A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Bonding method of dissimilar materials made from metals and bonding structure thereof |
| WO2010022709A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for producing a joint between a sheet-metal component of steel and a sheet-metal component of an aluminium material |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1676264A (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Resistance welding method of different kinds of materials, and resistance welding member of aluminum alloy material and different kind of material |
| CN101274387A (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-01 | 日产自动车株式会社 | Bonding method of dissimilar materials made from metals and bonding structure thereof |
| WO2010022709A1 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2010-03-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Method for producing a joint between a sheet-metal component of steel and a sheet-metal component of an aluminium material |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102380678A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-03-21 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Resistance brazing welding method for titanium aluminum alloy turbine and steel shaft |
| CN103111743A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2013-05-22 | 山东大学 | Rapid welding method for steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| CN103111743B (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2015-10-28 | 山东大学 | The fast welding method of a kind of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy |
| CN103266291B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-04-13 | 新疆大学 | A kind of hot dip aluminum plating Mn series alloy layer method |
| CN105921901A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Resistance point brazing method of steel and aluminum connecting piece |
| CN110866359A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-06 | 重庆理工大学 | Welding simulation method based on modified double-ellipsoid heat source model |
| CN110866359B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2023-05-02 | 重庆理工大学 | Welding simulation method based on corrected double-ellipsoid heat source model |
| CN112122758A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2020-12-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Ni element-regulated magnetic field-assisted resistance unit welding method for aluminum alloy and steel |
| CN113231753A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-08-10 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Arc surfacing welding friction stir composite welding method for dissimilar metals |
| CN113231753B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-01-03 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Arc surfacing welding friction stir composite welding method for dissimilar metals |
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Application publication date: 20110810 |