CN103111743A - Rapid welding method for steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Rapid welding method for steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103111743A CN103111743A CN2013100641665A CN201310064166A CN103111743A CN 103111743 A CN103111743 A CN 103111743A CN 2013100641665 A CN2013100641665 A CN 2013100641665A CN 201310064166 A CN201310064166 A CN 201310064166A CN 103111743 A CN103111743 A CN 103111743A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid welding method for steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy. The rapid welding method includes the following steps: (1), clearing away oil stain and oxide film on the surfaces of steel plates, aluminum plates and Al-Si brazing filler metal before welding; (2), placing sheet Al-Si brazing filler metal with an oxide-film-removed surface between to-be-welded faces of the steel plates and the aluminum plates; (3), adopting alternating-current resistance mash welder; and (4), naturally cooling joints of the steel and the aluminum after finishing welding. In the rapid welding method, dissimilar metals like the steel and the aluminum are adopted, the Al-Si brazing filler metal are added to realize overlap welding of the steel plates and the aluminum plates, so that formed overlap joint interfaces of the steel and the aluminum plates are bonded stably, and bonding quality is reliable. By adopting the Al-Si brazing filler metal, overlap joints of the steel and the aluminum with high interface bonding strength can be produced. Tests prove that shear strength of the overlap joints of the steel and the aluminum is greater than 80 MPa (million pascal), extension strength is greater than 140 MPa, and quality requirements of light-weight engineering structures on the overlap joints of the steel and the aluminum can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method of dissimilar metal, relate in particular to the fast welding method of a kind of steel and aluminium or steel and aluminium alloy, belong to the welding technology field of metal material.
Background technology
The welding of steel and aluminium is very difficult, even in science and technology and solder technology very flourishing today, realize that the reliable welding of steel and aluminium and acquisition commercial Application are still very difficult.People attempted a variety of ways and attempt steel and aluminium are welded together, the welding method that adopts has diffusion welding (DW), explosive welding (EW), electric resistance welding, Laser Welding, Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding etc., but still be difficult to obtain satisfied effect and stay-in-grade welding point, or have defective aspect appearance of weld, or require high to welding equipment and operative skill.
1650 ℃ of the fusing points of mild steel, and the fusing point of fine aluminium only has 660 ℃, the fusing point of aluminium alloy is lower.Add that mild steel is different from the lattice structure of aluminium, the coefficient of heat conduction is different, therefore adopts fusion welding method that steel and aluminium are welded together very difficult because both fusing point and the physical and chemical performance difference too large, the aluminum ratio steel has better electric conductivity and thermal conductivity.There is the problem on cost in other welding methods (as Laser Welding, Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding etc.) of steel and aluminium, if adopt the automatic weld Technology Need to purchase more expensive equipment etc.
The welding that realizes steel and aluminium has broad application prospects, and such as can be used for automobile, boats and ships, bullet train etc., the lightweight of these modern transportation instruments, energy-saving and emission-reduction etc. is had huge progradation.Therefore, solve the welding difficult problem of steel and aluminum dissimilar metal, realize that steel is connected with the reliable of aluminum dissimilar metal, can greatly promote steel and aluminium lightweight dissimilar metal structure in the application in the fields such as vehicles manufacturing such as automobile, boats and ships.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency for existing steel and aluminium solder technology the present invention proposes a kind of method that makes steel and aluminium and aluminium alloy rapid welding.Utilize method of the present invention can realize that steel is connected with the reliable of aluminium sheet, the formation quality of weld joint is stable, the steel of good airproof performance-aluminium plate lap joint, to satisfy the demand that on the lightweight engineering structure, steel-aluminium is connected.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The fast welding method of a kind of steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy, step is as follows:
(1) remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film on surface of steel plate, surface of aluminum plate and Al-Si solder surface before the weldering, make its surface bright and clean as far as possible and without any impurity, and drying;
(2) the membrane-like Al-Si solder of placement surface removal oxide-film between steel plate and the superimposed surface to be welded of aluminium sheet, use stainless steel frock clamp plate with Workpiece clamping to be welded;
(3) adopt the AC resistance mash welder, welding condition is: welding current 6kA～20kA, welding pressure 2kN～5kN, weld interval 0.5s～2s, power frequency 50Hz, electrode diameter 3.2mm～4.8mm, smallest point is apart from 14mm, environment temperature is more than 25 ℃;
(4) after welding was completed, steel and aluminium joint place were naturally cooling; After cooling, unclamp clamping device, take off workpiece.
In described step (1), the method for cleaning of surface of steel plate is: with sand paper, that the corrosion polishing of surface of steel plate is clean, and make it expose metallic luster; Or: surface of steel plate to be welded is placed in pickle soaks 15min～20min, then with clear water, surface of steel plate to be welded is cleaned; Described pickle refer to normal concentration dilute sulfuric acid (such as: the concentrated sulfuric acid of volume fraction 98% and water dilute with the ratio of 1:4), or the watery hydrochloric acid of normal concentration (such as: the hydrochloric acid of volume fraction 36% and water dilute with the ratio of 1:3), or the mixed solution that both mixes mutually with the volume ratio ratio of 1: 2.
In described step (1), the greasy dirt on surface of aluminum plate, Al-Si solder surface and the removal method of oxide-film are: aluminium sheet, Al-Si solder are placed in aqueous solution of nitric acid, 20～37 ℃ of temperature, embathe 5～15min, use successively 50～60 ℃ of hot water of temperature, the cold water (water under normal temperature after taking-up, 5～25 ℃ of temperature) aluminium sheet or the surface washing of Al-Si solder is clean, oven dry; Described aqueous solution of nitric acid is that percentage by volume is 30% aqueous solution of nitric acid, can use 60%HNO
3The preparation of+pure water.
In described step (2), the constituent content of membrane-like Al-Si solder is: by percentage to the quality, Si 11.0%～13.0%; Cu 0.10%～0.30%; Zn 0.10%～0.20%; Mg 0.05%～0.10%; Mn 0.03%～0.05%; Surplus is Al.
Preferably, the constituent content of described membrane-like Al-Si solder is: by percentage to the quality, Si 12.0%～12.5%; Cu 0.20%～0.30%, and Zn 0.20%, and Mg 0.08%～0.10%%, and surplus is Al.
In described step (2), the thickness of membrane-like Al-Si solder is preferably 0.6～0.8mm.
In described step (2), the order that stacks of welding work pieces is steel plate-membrane-like solder-aluminium sheet, and steel plate and aluminium sheet overlap joint are with stainless steel frock clamp board clamping.
Adopt the welding method of steel of the present invention and aluminum dissimilar metal, add the overlap welding that the Al-Si solder has been realized steel plate and aluminium sheet, and the steel that forms be combined with aluminium sheet lap joint interface stablize, quality of connection is reliable.The steel that the present invention proposes and the welding method of aluminum dissimilar metal have that technique is simple, cost is low, with short production cycle, can realize producing in batches and the advantage such as easy to utilize.The Al-Si solder that adopts the present invention to provide can make the higher steel of interface bond strength and aluminium lap joint.Through experimental test: the shear strength of steel and aluminium lap joint is greater than 80MPa, and tensile strength can satisfy the lightweight engineering structure to the quality requirement of joining of steel and aluminum joint greater than 140MPa.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
The rapid welding of embodiment 1 steel and aluminium alloy
The rustproof aluminium sheet of the low carbon steel plate of thickness 1mm and thickness 1mm (3A21) overlap welding, the Workpiece length of welded low carbon steel plate and aluminium sheet is respectively 120mm, and width is 80mm.
Concrete welding procedure step is as follows:
(1) before the welding, rustproof aluminium sheet 3A21 and Al-Si membrane-like solder being placed in the percentage by volume of 25 ℃ is that 30% aqueous solution of nitric acid (is used concentration 60%HNO
3The preparation of+pure water) in, embathe 8～12min(aluminium sheet and embathe 12min, membrane-like Al-Si solder embathes 8min), remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film on surface, then after 50 ℃ of hot water, cold water (20 ℃) rinse, with hot blast drying or oven dry; Low carbon steel plate place to be welded with sand papering to exposing metallic luster.
(2) (Si 12.0% with the membrane-like Al-Si solder of thickness 0.6mm, Cu 0.20%, Zn 0.15%, Mg 0.08%, surplus is Al, be placed between the low carbon steel plate and rustproof aluminium sheet of overlap joint by percentage to the quality), place to be welded is exposed in its lateral surface both sides stainless steel working plate clamping (using fastening nuts).
(3) adopt the AC resistance mash welder to weld, welding condition is: welding current 8kA～10kA, welding pressure 2.5kN, weld interval 0.8s, power frequency 50Hz, electrode diameter 3.2mm, environment temperature is more than 25 ℃;
(4) after after welding is completed, steel and aluminium joint place naturally cool to room temperature, unclamp clamping device, take off workpiece.
After tested, the nugget size of the low carbon steel plate that obtains and rustproof aluminium sheet tack-weld is 4mm, and the lap joint shear strength is 84MPa, and tensile strength is 150MPa, can satisfy the quality requirement to the joining of steel and aluminum joint.
Embodiment 2: the rapid welding of steel and aluminium
The pure aluminum plate of the low carbon steel plate of thickness 1.5mm and thickness 1.5mm (1060) overlap welding, welded low carbon steel plate and pure aluminum plate Workpiece length are respectively 160mm, and width is 120mm.
Concrete welding procedure step is as follows:
(1) before the welding, pure aluminum plate 1060 and Al-Si membrane-like solder being placed in the percentage by volume of 30 ℃ is that 30% aqueous solution of nitric acid (is used concentration 60%HNO
3The preparation of+pure water) in, embathe 8～12min(aluminium sheet and embathe 12min, membrane-like Al-Si solder embathes 8min), remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film on surface, then after 60 ℃ of hot water, cold water (15 ℃) rinse, with hot blast drying or oven dry.Low carbon steel plate place to be welded with sand papering to exposing metallic luster.
(2) (Si 12.5% with the membrane-like Al-Si solder of thickness 0.8mm, Cu 0.25%, Zn 0.20%, Mg 0.10%, surplus is Al, be placed between low carbon steel plate and pure aluminum plate lap joint by percentage to the quality), place to be welded is exposed in its overlap joint lateral surface both sides stainless steel working plate clamping (using fastening nuts).
(3) adopt the AC resistance mash welder to weld, welding condition is: welding current 12kA～14kA, welding pressure 3.5kN, weld interval 1.2s, power frequency 50Hz, electrode diameter 4.8mm, environment temperature is more than 25 ℃;
(4) after after welding is completed, steel and aluminium joint place naturally cool to room temperature, unclamp clamping device, take off workpiece.
After tested, the nugget size of the low carbon steel plate that obtains and pure aluminum plate tack-weld is 6mm, and the lap joint shear strength is 81MPa, and tensile strength is 142MPa, can satisfy the quality requirement to the joining of steel and aluminum joint.
Although above-mentionedly in conjunction with the embodiments the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the fast welding method of a steel and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: step is as follows:
(1) remove greasy dirt and the oxide-film on surface of steel plate, surface of aluminum plate and Al-Si solder surface before the weldering, make its any surface finish and without any impurity, and drying;
(2) the membrane-like Al-Si solder of placement surface removal oxide-film between steel plate and the superimposed surface to be welded of aluminium sheet, use stainless steel frock clamp plate with Workpiece clamping to be welded;
(3) adopt the AC resistance mash welder, welding condition is: welding current 6kA～20kA, welding pressure 2kN～5kN, weld interval 0.5s～2s, power frequency 50Hz, electrode diameter 3.2mm～4.8mm, smallest point is apart from 14mm, environment temperature is more than 25 ℃;
(4) after welding was completed, steel and aluminium joint place were naturally cooling; After cooling, unclamp clamping device, take off workpiece.
2. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 1 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the method for cleaning of surface of steel plate is: with sand paper, that the corrosion polishing of surface of steel plate is clean, make it expose metallic luster; Or: surface of steel plate to be welded is placed in pickle soaks 15min～20min, then with clear water, surface of steel plate to be welded is cleaned; Described pickle refers to dilute sulfuric acid, or watery hydrochloric acid, or the mixed solution that both mixes mutually with the volume ratio ratio of 1: 2.
3. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 1 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), the greasy dirt on surface of aluminum plate, Al-Si solder surface and the removal method of oxide-film are: aluminium sheet, Al-Si solder are placed in aqueous solution of nitric acid, 20～37 ℃ of temperature, embathe 5～15min, use successively hot water, cold water that aluminium sheet or the surface washing of Al-Si solder is clean after taking-up, oven dry; Described aqueous solution of nitric acid is that percentage by volume is 30% aqueous solution of nitric acid.
4. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 1 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the constituent content of membrane-like Al-Si solder is: by percentage to the quality, Si 11.0%～13.0%; Cu 0.10%～0.30%; Zn 0.10%～0.20%; Mg 0.05%～0.10%; Mn 0.03%～0.05%; Surplus is Al.
5. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 4 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: the constituent content of described membrane-like Al-Si solder is: by percentage to the quality, Si 12.0%～12.5%; Cu 0.20%～0.30%, and Zn 0.20%, and Mg 0.08%～0.10%%, and surplus is Al.
6. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 1 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the thickness of membrane-like Al-Si solder is 0.6～0.8mm.
7. the fast welding method of a kind of steel according to claim 1 and aluminum or aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), the order that stacks of welding work pieces is steel plate-membrane-like solder-aluminium sheet, and steel plate and aluminium sheet overlap joint are with stainless steel frock clamp board clamping.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103658958A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-26 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Resistance spot welding of aluminum to aluminum and steel to steel |
| CN104084657A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-10-08 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Machining and installation method of titanium-steel composite joists |
| CN105269137A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 吉林大学 | Intermediate frequency spot welding method for aluminum alloy and zinc-plated high-strength steel dissimilar material |
| CN106583900A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳倍声声学技术有限公司 | Resistance spot welding method for moving iron receiver parts |
| CN107138841A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 重庆科技学院 | Microalloying improves dissimilar metal Mg Fe point quality techniques |
| CN107262862A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of steel of nickel and zinc composite deposite/aluminium soldering method |
| WO2018192038A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | 天津商科数控技术股份有限公司 | Direct contact- and alternating current trapezoidal wave-based electric resistance welding process method of aluminum |
| CN111151854A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-05-15 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Improve the mechanical property of the aluminum steel welded joint |
| CN112872525A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Connecting method of guide rod and steel claw for electrolytic aluminum |
| CN113199147A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-03 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser deep melting spot welding process for aluminum/steel dissimilar metal |
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| CN105921901A (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-09-07 | 兰州理工大学 | Resistance point brazing method of steel and aluminum connecting piece |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103658958A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-03-26 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Resistance spot welding of aluminum to aluminum and steel to steel |
| CN104084657A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-10-08 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Machining and installation method of titanium-steel composite joists |
| CN105269137A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 吉林大学 | Intermediate frequency spot welding method for aluminum alloy and zinc-plated high-strength steel dissimilar material |
| CN106583900A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳倍声声学技术有限公司 | Resistance spot welding method for moving iron receiver parts |
| CN106583900B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-03-15 | 深圳倍声声学技术有限公司 | A kind of resistance spot welding method for moving-iron receiver component |
| WO2018192038A1 (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | 天津商科数控技术股份有限公司 | Direct contact- and alternating current trapezoidal wave-based electric resistance welding process method of aluminum |
| CN107138841A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 重庆科技学院 | Microalloying improves dissimilar metal Mg Fe point quality techniques |
| CN107138841B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2019-07-02 | 重庆科技学院 | Microalloying improves dissimilar metal Mg-Fe point quality technique |
| CN107262862A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-10-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of steel of nickel and zinc composite deposite/aluminium soldering method |
| CN111151854A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-05-15 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Improve the mechanical property of the aluminum steel welded joint |
| CN112872525A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-01 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Connecting method of guide rod and steel claw for electrolytic aluminum |
| CN112872525B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-10-14 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Connecting method of guide rod and steel claw for electrolytic aluminum |
| CN113199147A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-03 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser deep melting spot welding process for aluminum/steel dissimilar metal |
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