CN101579768B - Braze-welding method using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Braze-welding method using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101579768B CN101579768B CN200910072269XA CN200910072269A CN101579768B CN 101579768 B CN101579768 B CN 101579768B CN 200910072269X A CN200910072269X A CN 200910072269XA CN 200910072269 A CN200910072269 A CN 200910072269A CN 101579768 B CN101579768 B CN 101579768B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a braze-welding method, in particular to a braze-welding method using a two-stage contact reaction of an aluminum alloy. By taking a Zn/Cu compound intermediate layer as the liquid-phase generating source, the invention solves the problems that the welding precision is difficult to control and the welded rate is low in the existing welding method. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: forming a workpiece group to be welded which is composed of an aluminum alloy, on which a Zn/Cu compound layer is pre-formed, and a piece group to be welded, and placing the workpiece group to be welded on a brazing furnace; heating and keeping warm under the condition that the vacuum degree is no lower than 1.33*10<-3> Pa, or the pressure of the connecting surface is 0.02MPa under the protection of argon with the purity as high as 99.999% (volume); further heating and keeping warm; stop heating, and cooling with the furnace to the temperature of 200 to 50 DEG C; then, taking out the welded workpiece group to complete the braze-welding process. The connector welded by the method of the invention has the advantages that the parent metal strength of the aluminum alloy is above 90% and the welded rate is above 98%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for welding.
Background technology
The welding method commonly used that relates to aluminium alloy at present mainly contains melting, resistance spot welding and roll welding, diffusion welding (DW), soldering and contact reaction brazing method.But the greatest problem of melting welding is to be difficult to realize that high accuracy connects, and the welding position usually is subjected to the restriction of structure, and is not suitable for large tracts of land and connects and use; Need huge, complex apparatus when resistance spot welding and roll welding welding, this kind method generally only is used for the aluminium alloy sheet of throat thickness below 4mm, has certain difficulty at thick plates; Because the aluminium alloy fusing point is low, no solid-state phase changes and surface coverage have form compact and stable Al when adopting diffusion welding (DW)
2O
3Oxide-film, so its solid-state diffusion plumb joint seam rate is low, bad mechanical property; Adopt the method for soldering because aluminum alloy surface has very densification of one deck, stable performance, Al that fusing point is high
2O
3Oxide-film, easily cause incomplete fusion and weld seam to be mingled with, need destroy this tunic during aluminium alloy brazing, otherwise the solder of fusing can not wetting mother metal, therefore the work that often adopts brazing flux is in order to remove oxide-film, postwelding need be cleared up, and still have pore, defective such as " large and small encirclement " is difficult to realize that high compactness connects, the saturating rate of pricker (seam rate) generally is lower than 80%; Contact reaction brazing be a kind of rely on to connect between the material or connect material and metallurgical reaction (as eutectic reaction) between the intermediate layer material produce liquid phase and realize the process that is connected, it has avoided liquid solder macroscopic view joint filling process caused " big; little encirclement " phenomenon in the conventional soldering processes, therefore brazed seam compactness is higher, the connection occasion that is suitable for the large area precision parts, but because the eutectic contact reaction brazing does not apply brazing flux, although carrying out strictness before the soldering cleans, also form dense oxidation film once more at brazing process unavoidably, from present report, adopt the mode striping in single intermediate layer limited in one's ability, and the amount of liquid phase that produces is restive, the leakiness defective that causes brazed seam so on the one hand easily, bonding strength is lower, be difficult to realize in accurate the connection accurate control in addition to amount of liquid phase, the seam rate generally is difficult to reach more than 95%, realizes that flawless welding is extremely difficult especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to be difficult to control welding precision and the low problem of seam rate in order to solve existing welding method, and a kind of method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy is provided.
The method of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering of the present invention is as follows: one, will preset the aluminium alloy of Zn/Cu composite bed and to be connected and form workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of aluminium alloy is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa or purity volumetric concentration are that the protection of 99.999% high-purity argon gas, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa; be heated to for the first time 400 ℃～420 ℃, insulation 10min～20min; be heated to for the second time 520 ℃～540 ℃, insulation 20min～60min then; stop heating; cool to 200 ℃～50 ℃ again with the furnace; take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering.
The described aluminium alloy of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys or 7005 aluminium alloys in the inventive method; Described to be connected of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys, 7005 aluminium alloys, red copper or aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material; Wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order, and the face to be connected of 7005 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order.
The present invention adopts the Zn/Cu composite interlayer as liquid-phase generating source, at first (400 ℃～420 ℃) warm area once is incubated more than the Zn-Al eutectic temperature, " precleaning " that the subcutaneous undercurrent characteristic of utilizing the Zn-Al eutectic to form liquid phase is carried out aluminum alloy surface is handled and is carried out oxide-film and abolish, be incubated once more at 520 ℃～540 ℃ warm areas then, utilize the dissolving of Cu, and preferentially spread the reaction effect of sprawling that (intergranular osmotic effect) played at the crystal boundary of aluminum alloy surface and carry out " secondary striping ", and utilize the Zn-Al-Cu ternary eutectic liquid phase that forms in the joint intactly to fill the joint gap, Zn in the insulating process, the Cu element is diffusion in a large number in the aluminium alloy mother metal, make joint reach metallurgical binding, the cooling back forms fine and close brazing seam structure, make the joint shearing strength after the welding reach more than 90% of aluminium alloy strength of parent, the saturating rate of pricker (seam rate) reaches more than 98%.Because mask to be connected has the composite interlayer in the aluminium alloy of Zn/Cu composite interlayer to adopt form electroless plated and that electroplate to make, so intermediate layer thickness is even, has avoided manual inhomogeneous shortcoming of smearing solder, the welding aftershaping is attractive in appearance.Applied pressure is little in the inventive method connection procedure, the connection temperature is low, the mother metal distortion is little, and the welding precision height is suitable for the connection of high accuracy member.The joint form that the inventive method is suitable for is various, can adopt arbitrary forms such as butt joint, overlap joint, T connector, and not be subjected to the influence of structural factor, is suitable for connecting having the complicated cavity constructed products.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of the workpiece set of joints after the specific embodiment 11 gained connect.Fig. 2 is the stereoscan photograph of the workpiece set of joints after the specific embodiment 13 gained connect.
The specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following cited specific embodiment, also comprises any combination between each specific embodiment.
The specific embodiment one: the method for using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering is as follows in the present embodiment: one, will preset the aluminium alloy of Zn/Cu composite bed and to be connected and form workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of aluminium alloy is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa or purity concentration are that high-purity argon gas protection, the joint face pressure of 99.999% (volume) is under the condition of 0.02MPa; be heated to for the first time 400 ℃～420 ℃, insulation 10min～20min; be heated to for the second time 520 ℃～540 ℃, insulation 20min～60min then; stop heating; cool to 200 ℃～50 ℃ again with the furnace; take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering.
Aluminium alloy is by the Zn layer that aluminum alloy chemically immersion plating 2 μ m～3 μ m are thick in the present embodiment, and the Cu layer of electroplating thickness again and be 6 μ m～10 μ m outside the Zn layer obtains.Described electroless plated and electroplate and to adopt existing technology to carry out.
The specific embodiment two: what present embodiment and the specific embodiment one were different is that the described aluminium alloy of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys or 7005 aluminium alloys.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one.
The specific embodiment three: what present embodiment was different with the specific embodiment one or two is that described to be connected of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys, 7005 aluminium alloys, red copper or aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material; Wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order, and the face to be connected of 7005 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one or two.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment and the specific embodiment three are different be in the step 2 for the first time the temperature of heating be that 410 ℃, temperature retention time are 15min.Other is identical with the specific embodiment three.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two or four are different be in the step 2 for the second time the temperature of heating be that 525 ℃～535 ℃, temperature retention time are 25min～55min.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two or four.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two or four are different be in the step 2 for the second time the temperature of heating be that 530 ℃, temperature retention time are 30min.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two or four.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two, four or six are different is that to be connected Zn layer thickness of aluminium alloy in the step 1 is 2.5 μ m.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two, four or six.
The specific embodiment eight: present embodiment and the specific embodiment seven are different is that to be connected Cu layer thickness of aluminium alloy in the step 1 is 6.5 μ m～9.5 μ m.Other is identical with the specific embodiment seven.
The specific embodiment nine: present embodiment and the specific embodiment seven are different is that to be connected Cu layer thickness of aluminium alloy in the step 1 is 8 μ m.Other is identical with the specific embodiment seven.
The specific embodiment ten: what present embodiment and the specific embodiment one, two, four, six or eight were different is that the vacuum described in the step 2 is 1.0 * 10
-3Pa～1.0 * 10
-5Pa.Other is identical with the specific embodiment one, two, four, six or eight.
The specific embodiment 11: the method for using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering is as follows in the present embodiment: one, 6063 aluminium alloys and 6063 aluminium alloys are formed workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa, are heated to 400 ℃, insulation 10min for the first time, are heated to 520 ℃, insulation 60min then for the second time, stop heating, cool to 150 ℃ again with the furnace, take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering..
The joint shearing strength of measuring the workpiece group after the gained connection in the present embodiment through shearing test can reach 107.9MPa, reach 90.6% (strength of parent is 119MPa) of strength of parent, can find that from Fig. 1 brazing seam structure is extremely fine and close, do not find anyly to be mingled with, defective such as pore, the saturating rate of joint pricker (seam rate) can reach more than 98%.
The specific embodiment 12: the method for using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering is as follows in the present embodiment: one, 7005 aluminium alloys and 7005 aluminium alloys are formed workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of 7005 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa, are heated to 400 ℃, insulation 10min for the first time, are heated to 520 ℃, insulation 60min then for the second time, stop heating, cool to 150 ℃ again with the furnace, take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering..
The joint shearing strength of measuring the workpiece group after the gained connection in the present embodiment through shearing test can reach 104.6MPa, reach 90.2% (strength of parent is 116MPa) of strength of parent, brazing seam structure is extremely fine and close, do not find anyly to be mingled with, defective such as pore, the saturating rate of joint pricker (seam rate) can reach more than 98%.
The specific embodiment 13: the method for using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering is as follows in the present embodiment: one, 6063 aluminium alloys and aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material are formed workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa, are heated to 400 ℃, insulation 10min for the first time, are heated to 520 ℃, insulation 60min then for the second time, stop heating, cool to 150 ℃ again with the furnace, take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering..
The joint shearing strength of measuring the workpiece group after the gained connection in the present embodiment through shearing test can reach 109.4MPa, reach 91.9% of strength of parent, can find that from Fig. 2 brazing seam structure is extremely fine and close, do not find anyly to be mingled with, defective such as pore, the saturating rate of joint pricker (seam rate) can reach more than 99%.
The specific embodiment 14: the method for using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy soldering is as follows in the present embodiment: one, 6063 aluminium alloys and red copper are formed workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa, are heated to 400 ℃, insulation 10min for the first time, are heated to 520 ℃, insulation 60min then for the second time, stop heating, cool to 150 ℃ again with the furnace, take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering..
The joint shearing strength of measuring the workpiece group after the gained connection in the present embodiment through shearing test can reach 107.5MPa, reach 90.3% of aluminium alloy strength of parent, brazing seam structure is extremely fine and close, does not find anyly to be mingled with, defective such as pore, and the saturating rate of joint pricker (seam rate) can reach more than 99%.
Claims (10)
1. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy, it is characterized in that the using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy method for welding is as follows: one, will preset the aluminium alloy of Zn/Cu composite bed and to be connected and form workpiece group to be connected, wherein the face to be connected of aluminium alloy is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order; Two, workpiece group to be connected is placed soldering oven, be not less than 1.33 * 10 in vacuum
-3Pa or volumetric concentration are that the protection of 99.999% high-purity argon gas, joint face pressure are under the condition of 0.02MPa; be heated to for the first time 400 ℃～420 ℃, insulation 10min～20min; be heated to for the second time 520 ℃～540 ℃, insulation 20min～60min then; stop heating; cool to 200 ℃～50 ℃ again with the furnace; take out the workpiece group after connecting then, in air, be cooled to room temperature, promptly finish soldering.
2. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described aluminium alloy of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys or 7005 aluminium alloys.
3. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described to be connected of step 1 is 6063 aluminium alloys, 7005 aluminium alloys, red copper or aluminum boric acid crystal whisker reinforcing aluminum base composite material; Wherein the face to be connected of 6063 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order, and the face to be connected of 7005 aluminium alloys is coated with thick Zn layer of 2 μ m～3 μ m and Cu layer that 6 μ m～10 μ m are thick in order.
4. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 3 is characterized in that in the step 2 that for the first time the temperature of heating is that 410 ℃, temperature retention time are 15min.
5. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in the step 2 that for the second time the temperature of heating is that 525 ℃～535 ℃, temperature retention time are 25min～55min.
6. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in the step 2 that for the second time the temperature of heating is that 530 ℃, temperature retention time are 30min.
7. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 6 is characterized in that to be connected Zn layer thickness of aluminium alloy is 2.5 μ m in the step 1.
8. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 7 is characterized in that to be connected Cu layer thickness of aluminium alloy is 6.5 μ m～9.5 μ m in the step 1.
9. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 7 is characterized in that to be connected Cu layer thickness of aluminium alloy is 8 μ m in the step 1.
10. the method for welding of using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy according to claim 9 is characterized in that the vacuum described in the step 2 is 1.0 * 10
-3Pa～1.0 * 10
-5Pa.
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| CN200910072269XA CN101579768B (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2009-06-12 | Braze-welding method using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy |
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| CN200910072269XA CN101579768B (en) | 2009-06-12 | 2009-06-12 | Braze-welding method using two-stage contact reaction of aluminum alloy |
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| CN101579768B true CN101579768B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102000896B (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2012-04-11 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Al-Cu transient liquid phase diffusion bonding method of Al alloy |
| CN102248242B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-04-10 | 贵州大学 | Aluminum alloy vacuum welding method capable of eliminating silicon segregation |
| CN103386526A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-13 | 无锡市普尔换热器制造有限公司 | Thin-panel thick-panel soldering assembly structure |
| CN103817392B (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2016-06-01 | 贵州黎阳航空动力有限公司 | The gas of a kind of aircraft engine superalloy casing assembly protects method for welding |
| CN104439590B (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-09-21 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of 6061 aluminium alloys and the soldering processes of AZ31B magnesium alloy |
| CN105880771B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-09-11 | 广东东睦新材料有限公司 | A kind of high-air-tightness powdered metal parts sintering and welding process |
| CN106270869A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 郑州机械研究所 | A kind of copper alloy contact reaction soldering method and activity bridging agent used |
| CN111299739A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-06-19 | 楼蓝科技(江苏)有限公司 | Vacuum brazing process suitable for closed cavity multi-weld structure |
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