CN112872525B - Connecting method of guide rod and steel claw for electrolytic aluminum - Google Patents
Connecting method of guide rod and steel claw for electrolytic aluminum Download PDFInfo
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- CN112872525B CN112872525B CN201911196320.8A CN201911196320A CN112872525B CN 112872525 B CN112872525 B CN 112872525B CN 201911196320 A CN201911196320 A CN 201911196320A CN 112872525 B CN112872525 B CN 112872525B
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- steel claw
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/19—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/203—Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum, relates to the technical field of steel-aluminum dissimilar metal welding, and mainly aims to avoid multiple welding seams during transition welding of an explosive block and reduce the pressure drop of a hanging groove. The technical scheme is that the method for connecting the guide rod and the steel claw for electrolytic aluminum comprises the following steps: removing oxide layers on the surfaces of a steel claw boss and an aluminum guide rod; (2) Uniformly coating a layer of solder on the surface of the steel claw boss processed in the step (1); (3) Putting the steel claw boss into an electromagnetic induction coil, putting a guide sleeve on the surface of the steel claw boss, and plugging the aluminum guide rod processed in the step (1) into the guide sleeve; (4) Uniformly heating the steel claw bosses by using the electromagnetic induction coils to ensure that the temperature of the steel claw bosses reaches 850-960 ℃, preserving the heat, and extruding the joint surface of the welding workpiece at one time; (5) And after the heat preservation is finished, extruding and welding the joint surface of the workpiece again.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel-aluminum dissimilar metal welding, and particularly relates to a method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum.
Background
At present, the aluminum electrolysis technology is rapidly developing in China, and the electrolytic aluminum production capacity is continuously increased. The aluminum electrolysis process needs to consume a large amount of electricity, so that how to reduce the loss of electric energy in the aluminum electrolysis process is very important. The anode of the aluminum cell is composed of three major parts, namely an aluminum guide rod (aluminum), a steel claw (steel) and an anode carbon block. The connection mode of domestic electrolytic aluminum is that an aluminum steel explosion welding block is adopted to make transition between a steel claw and an aluminum guide rod, namely, explosion welding is adopted to weld aluminum and steel into a piece, then the aluminum side of the aluminum steel explosion welding block is welded with the aluminum guide rod to form an aluminum-aluminum welding seam, and the steel side of the aluminum steel explosion welding block is welded with the steel claw to form a steel-steel welding seam.
One method in the prior art discloses a transition-free connection method of an electrolytic aluminum steel claw and an aluminum guide rod, which is characterized in that a steel sleeve with a thread on the inner wall is manufactured and sleeved on one end of the aluminum guide rod, and the other end of the steel sleeve applies a pressure of 30MPa to the aluminum guide rod. And (3) introducing a heat-assisting agent at the bottom of the steel sleeve, and then introducing a large current of 3.5-4.0KA from two ends to ensure that the heat-assisting agent generates heat, the temperature of 1200-1300 ℃ is generated inside the steel sleeve, and the high pressure of 250-350MPa is generated, so that aluminum and steel are violently permeated to form atomic bond, and the high-strength aluminum steel is bonded.
However, the method is very complicated in implementation process, and for an aluminum guide rod with a certain section in the electrolytic cell, if a pressure of 30MPa and a current of 3.5-4.0KA are obtained, the tool and equipment are difficult to realize, the realization cost is extremely high, the operability is not strong, and the practicability is not high.
Another method in the prior art discloses an electrolytic aluminum anode steel-aluminum fusion brazing welding method. The method comprises coating a layer of 100-150 μm flux on the steel surface, preheating the steel and aluminum surfaces, and welding aluminum-steel dissimilar metals with aluminum-based solid core or flux-cored wire.
However, the method has higher requirements on the surface treatment of the workpiece in the welding process, the welding mode is consumable electrode gas shielded welding, and the steel claw and the aluminum guide rod which are used on the electrolytic aluminum are connected with a large section, so that the electrolytic aluminum can only be welded around but not welded with a full section, thereby reducing the conductive section and increasing the voltage drop.
Therefore, the conventional connection method has some defects: (1) The aluminum steel explosion welding block is easy to crack in an electrolytic bath because the temperature of a junction surface of the aluminum steel explosion welding block is higher due to uneven current distribution of the electrolytic bath and heat transfer of bath solution and the junction surface is exposed in a dust environment of the electrolytic bath; (2) The conductive sections of the aluminum-aluminum welding seam and the steel-steel welding seam are all conductive at the positions of the welding seams at the periphery, and are smaller than the conductive section of the guide rod, so that the voltage drop is increased; (3) The aluminum-aluminum welding seam and the steel-steel welding seam are fusion welding and gas shielded welding during the assembly of the anode, so that the working environment of workers is poor, the labor intensity is high, the assembly is complex and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum, and mainly aims to avoid multiple welding seams during transition welding of an explosive block and reduce the pressure drop of a hanging groove.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Removing oxide layers on the surfaces of the steel claw bosses and the aluminum guide rod;
(2) Uniformly coating a layer of solder on the surface of the steel claw boss treated in the step (1), wherein the solder comprises 16.7-33.3% by mass of adhesive, and the balance of soldering flux and solder, and the solder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of Al, 10-20% of Zn, 5-15% of Si, 1-5% of Ni, 1-5% of Mg, 1-5% of Ti, 1-3% of Cr and 1-3% of Sn;
(3) Putting the steel claw boss into an electromagnetic induction coil, putting a guide sleeve on the surface of the steel claw boss, and plugging the aluminum guide rod processed in the step (1) into the guide sleeve;
(4) Uniformly heating the steel claw boss by using the electromagnetic induction coil to ensure that the temperature of the steel claw boss reaches 850-960 ℃, preserving heat, extruding the joint surface of the welding workpiece at one time, wherein the pressure of the one-time extrusion is 1MPa, and introducing argon to protect the joint surface of the welding workpiece in the heating process;
(5) And after the heat preservation is finished, extruding the joint surface of the welding workpiece again, wherein the pressure of the secondary extrusion is 4MPa.
Preferably, in the step (4), the heating power of the electromagnetic induction coil is 80KW, the heating time is 5-9min, and the heat preservation time is 5-12min.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the brazing flux to the brazing filler metal is 2-5:5-8.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the method adopts the welding method of aluminum-steel direct welding, replaces the traditional method of transitionally connecting the anode guide rod and the steel claw by the explosive block, reduces a plurality of welding seams during the transitive welding of the explosive block, and can obviously reduce the pressure drop by 5-12mv.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view of a welded workpiece provided in a conventional manner in comparison;
FIG. 2 is a pictorial view of a welded workpiece provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an operation provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the aluminum guide rod comprises an aluminum guide rod 1, a steel claw boss 2, a guide sleeve 3 and a welding flux 4.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined object, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Before describing the method for connecting the guide rod and the steel claw for electrolytic aluminum in detail, it is necessary to further describe the related materials mentioned in the present invention to achieve better effects. In the invention:
the welding workpiece comprises an aluminum guide rod 1 and a steel claw boss 2.
The measurement mode of hanging groove pressure drop: the anode equidistant voltage drop measuring forks for an electrolytic aluminum plant were used, i.e. multimeter mv files were used to measure the same position and the same length (25 mm) of the welding piece processed in the conventional manner (comparative example) and the welding piece processed by the method of the invention (example).
After knowing the relevant materials and their selection, the method for connecting the guide rod and the steel claw for electrolyzing aluminum can be started. The following specific examples will describe the method for connecting the guide rod and the steel claw for electrolytic aluminum according to the present invention in further detail:
comparative example:
traditional utmost point explosion piece transition welding mode:
firstly, welding chamfers are respectively arranged on an aluminum guide rod and a steel claw boss, and the aluminum guide rod and the steel claw boss are polished;
secondly, placing the aluminum steel explosion composite block (aluminum-steel welding seam) on the steel claw boss, aligning, and welding the aluminum steel explosion composite block and the steel claw boss together by using MAG welding, namely the steel-steel welding seam;
and thirdly, placing the aluminum guide rod on the aluminum steel explosion cladding block, aligning and centering, and welding the aluminum guide rod and the aluminum surface of the aluminum steel explosion cladding block together by MIG welding, namely an aluminum-aluminum welding seam. The welding mode is an aluminum steel explosive composite block transition welding mode, and a welding workpiece has 3 welding seams, namely a steel-steel composite layer, a steel-aluminum composite layer and an aluminum-aluminum composite layer, as shown in figure 1.
Example 1:
a method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum is shown in figure 3, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And polishing the surface of the welding workpiece, and removing an oxidation film until the metallic luster is exposed.
(2) Uniformly coating a layer of special solder 4 on the surface of the steel claw lug boss 2 processed in the step (1), wherein the solder 4 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of adhesive, 80% of soldering flux and 80% of brazing filler metal, wherein the mass ratio of the soldering flux to the brazing filler metal is 1:1; wherein the brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65% of Al, 15% of Zn, 6% of Si, 3% of Ni, 5% of Mg, 1% of Ti, 3% of Cr and 2% of Sn.
(3) And (2) placing the steel claw boss 2 (260 x220x30 mm) into an electromagnetic induction coil, placing the guide sleeve 3 on the surface of the steel claw boss, and plugging the aluminum guide rod 1 processed in the step (1) into the guide sleeve to enable the bottom of the aluminum guide rod 1 to be tightly combined with the surface of the steel claw boss 2.
(4) Setting the heating power of the electromagnetic induction coil to 80KW, uniformly heating the steel claw boss 2 for 9min, simultaneously introducing argon to protect the welding workpiece joint surface, enabling the temperature of the steel claw boss 2 to reach 850-960 ℃, enabling the solder 4 and aluminum to be molten, forming a 5-10mm melting layer, continuing to keep the temperature for 7min, and extruding the welding workpiece joint surface once by using a jack along the arrow direction in the figure 3 in the heat preservation process, wherein the pressure value of the once extrusion is 1MPa.
(5) After the heat preservation is finished, the jack is used for extruding the joint surface of the welding workpiece again along the arrow direction in the figure 3, wherein the pressure value of the re-extrusion is 4MPa until the welding workpiece and the welding flux 4 are solidified and formed.
Comparative data for example 1 and comparative example are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1
Examples 2 to 4:
examples 2-4 differ from example 1 mainly in the values of the re-extrusion pressure, as indicated in the following table:
TABLE 2
Example 5:
the main difference between the embodiment 5 and the embodiment 1 is the different mixture ratio of the solder components: the solder used in this example has the following composition (in mass percent): 20% of adhesive, 80% of soldering flux and 80% of brazing filler metal, wherein the mass ratio of the soldering flux to the brazing filler metal is 3:7, wherein the brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of Al, 15% of Zn, 5% of Si, 3% of Ni, 1% of Mg, 1% of Ti, 3% of Cr and 2% of Sn.
Comparative data for example 5 and comparative example are shown in the following table:
TABLE 3
Example 6:
the main difference between example 6 and example 1 is the different proportions of the solder components: the solder composition (in mass percent) of the present example is: 20% of welding flux, 80% of soldering flux and 80% of brazing filler metal, wherein the mass ratio of the soldering flux to the brazing filler metal is 1:3, wherein the brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% of Al, 20% of Zn, 12% of Si, 3% of Ni, 6% of Mg, 1% of Ti, 3% of Cr and 1% of Sn.
Comparative data for example 6 and comparative examples are shown in the following table:
TABLE 4
As shown in FIG. 2, the welding mode of the invention is used for welding workpieces with only 1 welding seam.
As shown in tables 1 to 4, compared with the comparative example, the hanging groove voltage drop of examples 1 to 6 is smaller than that of the comparative example, and the conductivity after the welding of the workpiece is completed is improved.
In conclusion, the invention adopts the welding method of aluminum-steel direct welding to replace the traditional method of transitionally connecting the anode guide rod and the steel claw by the explosive block, reduces a plurality of welding seams during the transitive welding of the explosive block, and can obviously reduce the pressure drop of the hanging groove by 5-12mv.
By electromagnetic induction heating, on one hand, the temperature uniformity in the heating process of the large section is ensured, so that the solder and the aluminum can be uniformly melted; on the other hand, the protection of argon gas can prevent oxidation compared with flame heating.
The solder is melted into liquid, and in order to increase the wettability of the solder on the steel surface, a pressure (1-4 MPa) is appropriately applied to sufficiently bond the solder and the soldering work, and the generation of brittle metal is reduced.
The components and the proportion of the solder ensure the wettability with steel, ensure the bonding strength of a welding workpiece and the solder, and ensure the effective fusion of the aluminum and the solder, and the melting point of the solder is equivalent to the melting point of the aluminum.
The welding method adopted by the method can obviously reduce the labor intensity of workers, the workers only need to load and unload, start and stop equipment, and the whole welding process is simple and easy to implement.
The welding method adopted by the method of the invention has no arc light, no smoke and no dust, and the working environment of workers is obviously improved.
The welding method adopted by the method of the invention does not need to explode welding blocks and professional welders, has low technical complexity, is easy to operate and reduces the cost.
According to the method, only one welding seam needs to be welded, so that the welding efficiency is improved.
In the traditional welding method, aluminum-aluminum welding is not full-section welding, only the part with grooves on the periphery of a joint surface can be welded, and the strength of aluminum is low, so that the aluminum-aluminum welding position is weak; the method of the invention adopts full-section welding, solves the problems that the aluminum-aluminum welding part is weak and easy to break, and improves the welding quality.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the embodiments of the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Removing oxide layers on the surfaces of the steel claw lug bosses and the aluminum guide rod;
(2) Uniformly coating a layer of solder on the surface of the steel claw boss treated in the step (1), wherein the solder comprises 16.7-33.3% by mass of adhesive, and the balance of soldering flux and solder, and the solder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of Al, 10-20% of Zn, 5-15% of Si, 1-5% of Ni, 1-5% of Mg, 1-5% of Ti, 1-3% of Cr and 1-3% of Sn;
(3) Putting the steel claw boss into an electromagnetic induction coil, putting a guide sleeve on the surface of the steel claw boss, and plugging the aluminum guide rod processed in the step (1) into the guide sleeve;
(4) Uniformly heating the steel claw boss by using the electromagnetic induction coil to ensure that the temperature of the steel claw boss reaches 850-960 ℃, preserving heat, extruding and welding a workpiece joint surface at one time, wherein the pressure of the extrusion at one time is 1MPa, and introducing argon to protect and weld the workpiece joint surface in the heating process;
(5) And after the heat preservation is finished, extruding the joint surface of the welding workpiece again, wherein the pressure of the secondary extrusion is 4MPa.
2. The method for connecting the guide rod and the steel claw for the electrolytic aluminum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the heating power of the electromagnetic induction coil is 80KW, the heating time is 5-9min, and the heat preservation time is 5-12min.
3. The method for connecting a guide rod and a steel claw for electrolytic aluminum according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the brazing flux to the brazing filler metal is 2 to 5:5-8.
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| CN102114561A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2011-07-06 | 南京理工大学 | Method of pre-copper-plated induction welding-brazing of aluminum-steel stud bolt |
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