CN107199395B - A kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method - Google Patents
A kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107199395B CN107199395B CN201710472707.6A CN201710472707A CN107199395B CN 107199395 B CN107199395 B CN 107199395B CN 201710472707 A CN201710472707 A CN 201710472707A CN 107199395 B CN107199395 B CN 107199395B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
A kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method, electrode using agitating friction head as resistance heat source, high-density current is provided to inside workpiece to be welded by direct-current switch power supply, is stirred offer resistance auxiliary thermal source in friction welding process to stirring-head；High-speed rotating stirring-head penetrates seam two sides, applies upsetting force by metal at shaft shoulder abutment joint, softens the metal material of seam crossing；High-speed rotating stirring-head makes the metal structure of seam crossing reach plastifying state under stirring, while carrying out micro- forging processing using metal of the ultrasonic wave excitation device to plasticizing, makes the metal structure crystal grain refinement of seam crossing；Stirring-head is along the direction feed motion of seam, and the metal of plasticizing is formed by cavity after being constantly filled into mixing needle movement under the stirring and squeezing action of stirring-head, and gradually cooled and solidified forms final weld seam；The present invention extends the service life of stirring-head, increases throat thickness, improves bonding speed, reduces welding defect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agitating friction welderings and forming technique field, and in particular to a kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft
Needleless friction stir welding method.
Background technique
It is a solid-phase welding technology that agitating friction, which welds (FSW), is used primarily for low-melting-point metal (such as aluminium alloy and magnesium alloy
Deng) connection, due to the not fusing of material during FSW, so the technology can avoid common in conventional fused weldering split
The problems such as line, stomata and deformation, and it is lower to operation and equipment requirement.Although more next to the research of agitating friction welding technology
It is more deep, but there are still shortcomings for the technology.
Agitating friction weldering makes the metal around workpiece joint by frictional heat generation mainly by stirring of the stirring-head to workpiece
It is heated to the connection that mecystasis realizes workpiece, welding process needs to apply biggish pressing force and stirring-head by stirring-head
The power to travel forward.Therefore, it is welded in agitating friction under special hot environment, when welding higher melting-point metal material, stirring
Head abrasion is more serious, and equipment is generally than cumbersome and complicated.In addition, when welding the material that fusing point is high, thickness is big, welding speed
It spends often lower.When welding, workpiece needs to be welded are rigidly fixed, and more demanding to equipment clamping, the back side of weld seam needs cushioning
Plate carries out rigid support, and the weld seam end that postwelding obtains will form keyhole defect.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formulas
Twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method can make to weld active force reduction, mitigate the abrasion of stirring-head, greatly extend stirring
The service life of head；Simplify welding equipment and fixture installation requirement, realize the Friction Stir Welding of big thickness workpiece, improves welding speed
Rate reduces welding defect, improves the intensity of welding point, and the weld seam end that postwelding obtains not will form keyhole defect.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method, comprising the following steps:
1) the first workpiece 1 and the second 2 clamping of workpiece to be welded to be welded is fixed on welding bench, the first workpiece 1 to be welded
And the second gaping of joints between workpiece 2 to be welded is 0~0.6mm, welding bench and work piece holder need to carry out insulation processing；
2) the first workpiece to be welded 1, the second workpiece 2 to be welded, the first stirring-head 3, the second stirring-head 4 by the first stirring-head 3,
The carbon brush 7 that second stirring-head, 4 current-carrying part is slidably connected conducting wire 8 and the connection of direct-current switch power supply 5 form closed current loop,
Direct-current switch power supply 5 powers on, and high-speed rotating first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 are respectively pressed into the first workpiece 1 to be welded and
The two sides of two 2 seams of workpiece to be welded, compression distance are 0.1~1mm, pass through the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 the shaft shoulder
Apply normal pressure at a abutment joint, electric current flows through inside workpiece to be welded and generates resistance heat, keeps the first workpiece 1 and second to be welded to be welded
The metal material of 2 seam crossing of workpiece softens, and direct-current switch power supply 5 provides the electric current of 500~2000A, and voltage is 3~20V；
3) high-speed rotating first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 make the metal structure of seam crossing in shaft shoulder a and vortex-like line
Reach plastifying state under the agitating friction effect of structure c, the revolving speed of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 is 500~2000
Rev/min；Meanwhile first the ultrasonic wave excitation device 6 connected on stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 open, along the first stirring-head 3
Micro- forging processing is carried out with the metal being plasticized at the 4 axial direction direction A-A abutment joint of the second stirring-head, makes the metal structure crystal grain of commissure
It is refined；Then, the direction feed motion forward of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 along seam, feed speed 20
~300mm/min, the metal of plasticizing are constantly filled under the stirring and squeezing action of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4
It is formed by cavity after stirring-head is mobile, and gradually cooled and solidified forms final weld seam 1-2, to complete the first workpiece to be welded
1 and second 2 seam of workpiece to be welded Friction Stir Welding.
First stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 use pin type stirring-head without mixing, stirring-head be equipped with shaft shoulder a,
Retained part b and vortex-like cable architecture c, is made using tool steel, the electrode as resistance heat source, wherein the end face of shaft shoulder a
For plane, the gap between vortex-like cable architecture c is concave, and the end face of vortex-like cable architecture c is concordant with the end face of shaft shoulder a, is pressed from both sides
It holds part b or stirring fixture head needs to carry out insulation processing, vortex-like cable architecture c promotes the metal structure of plasticizing to revolve along stirring-head
The direction turned is moved from the advanced side side that shrinks back, and the inner groovy between vortex-like cable architecture c and shaft shoulder a can wrap the metal of plasticizing
And upsetting force is applied to weld seam, promote appearance of weld smooth.
The invention has the following advantages that
1. the present invention provides resistance heat source using direct-current switch power supply 5 and assists compared with traditional Friction Stir Welding technology
The resistance heat that Friction Stir Welding, seam crossing contact surface and adjacent domain generate softens the metal material of seam crossing, resistance heat
The grain structure that nugget area can be refined in stir friction welding process improves the quality and intensity of welding point；Resistance heat
Make to weld active force reduction, mitigates the abrasion of stirring-head, greatly extend the service life of stirring-head；Simplify welding equipment and fixture
Installation requirement realizes the Friction Stir Welding of big thickness workpiece, improves bonding speed, reduces welding defect, improves welding point
Intensity.
2. using pin type stirring-head without mixing, there is no keyhole defects for the weld seam that postwelding is formed, and avoid traditional stirring
The occurrence of mixing needle of head is easy to wear；Vortex-like cable architecture c can promote the metal structure of plasticizing along the side that stirring-head rotates
It is moved to from the advanced side side that shrinks back, the inner groovy of shaft shoulder a can wrap the metal of plasticizing and apply upsetting force to weld seam, promote
Keep appearance of weld smooth.
3. the slide contact member using carbon brush 7 as closed current loop, makes stirring-head directly as the electricity of resistance heat source
Pole avoids being powered directly to workpiece to be welded, simplifies the clamping of workpiece to be welded, improves the flexibility of Friction Stir Welding equipment, drop
The energy consumption of low resistance auxiliary thermal source.
4. being plasticized using ultrasonic wave excitation device 6 along the 4 axial direction direction A-A abutment joint of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head
Metal carry out micro- forging processing, the metal inside tissue of commissure generates high-frequency vibration, and material activity enhancing reduces agitating friction
Yield stress and flow stress in welding process when Plastic Deformation of Metal Materials obtain the metal structure crystal grain of commissure carefully
Change, reduces as far as possible so that the formation of the commissure heat engine zone of influence and heat affected area is avoided, to make the gold of formed weld seam 1-2
Belong to tissue morphology and reaches the approximate degree for forming nugget completely.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the method for the present invention schematic illustration.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4, and figure (a) is main view, and figure (b) is top view.
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of workpiece obtained by welding processing.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to Fig.1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method,
The following steps are included:
1) the first workpiece 1 and the second 2 clamping of workpiece to be welded to be welded is fixed on welding bench, the first workpiece 1 to be welded
And the second gaping of joints between workpiece 2 to be welded is 0~0.6mm；Welding bench and work piece holder need to carry out insulation processing,
Prevent equipment from danger of hazardous electrical discharges occurs；Before clamping, need to carry out the joint surface of the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 to be welded to be welded
Cleaning treatment degreases, and does not need oxide film dissolving；
2) the first workpiece to be welded 1, the second workpiece 2 to be welded, the first stirring-head 3, the second stirring-head 4 by the first stirring-head 3,
The carbon brush 7 that second stirring-head, 4 current-carrying part is slidably connected conducting wire 8 and the connection of direct-current switch power supply 5 form closed current loop,
Direct-current switch power supply 5 powers on, and high-speed rotating first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 are respectively pressed into the first workpiece 1 to be welded and
The two sides of two 2 seams of workpiece to be welded, compression distance are 0.1~1mm, pass through the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 the shaft shoulder
Apply normal pressure at a abutment joint, electric current flows through the first workpiece 1 to be welded, generates resistance heat inside the second workpiece 2 to be welded, makes first
The metal material of workpiece 1 and the second 2 seam crossing of workpiece to be welded to be welded softens, and resistance heat can be thin in stir friction welding process
The grain structure for changing nugget area, improves the quality and intensity of welding point, and direct-current switch power supply 5 provides the electricity of 500~2000A
Stream, voltage are 3~20V；
3) metal structure that high-speed rotating first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 soften seam crossing is in shaft shoulder a and whirlpool
Reaching plastifying state under the agitating friction effect of shape cable architecture c, the revolving speed of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 is 500~
2000 revs/min；Meanwhile first the ultrasonic wave excitation device 6 connected on stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 open, along the first stirring
First 3 and the 4 axial direction direction A-A abutment joint of the second stirring-head at the metal that is plasticized carry out micro- forging processing, the metal inside group of commissure
Generation high-frequency vibration, material activity enhancing are knitted, surrender when reducing Plastic Deformation of Metal Materials in stir friction welding process is answered
Power and flow stress refine the metal structure crystal grain of commissure；Then, the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 along
The feed motion forward of the direction of seam, feed speed are 20~300mm/min, and the metal of plasticizing is in the first stirring-head 3 and second
Under the stirring and squeezing action of stirring-head 4, it is formed by cavity after being constantly filled into stirring-head movement, and gradually cooled and solidified
Final weld seam 1-2 is formed, to complete the Friction Stir Welding of the first workpiece 1 and the second 2 seam of workpiece to be welded to be welded.
Referring to Fig. 3, first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head 4 use pin type stirring-head without mixing, and stirring-head is equipped with
Shaft shoulder a, retained part b and vortex-like cable architecture c, are made using tool steel, and when resistance heat source system power supply, carbon brush 7 is always
With the 4 current-carrying part sliding contact of the first stirring-head 3 and the second stirring-head, make stirring-head as the electrode of resistance heat source, wherein axis
The end face of shoulder a is plane, and the gap between vortex-like cable architecture c is concave, the end face of vortex-like cable architecture c and the end of shaft shoulder a
Face is concordant, and retained part b or stirring fixture head need to carry out insulation processing；Vortex-like cable architecture c promotes the metal structure of plasticizing
Direction along stirring-head rotation is moved from the advanced side side that shrinks back, and the inner groovy between vortex-like cable architecture c and shaft shoulder a can wrap
The metal of plasticizing simultaneously applies upsetting force to weld seam, promotes appearance of weld smooth.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of resistance heat source assisted recombination formula twin shaft needleless friction stir welding method, which comprises the following steps:
1) the first workpiece (1) to be welded and the second workpiece (2) clamping to be welded are fixed on welding bench, the first workpiece to be welded
(1) gaping of joints between the second workpiece (2) to be welded is 0~0.6mm, and welding bench and work piece holder insulate
Processing；
2) the first workpiece (1) to be welded, the second workpiece (2) to be welded, the first stirring-head (3), the second stirring-head (4) pass through the first stirring
The carbon brush (7) that head (3), the second stirring-head (4) current-carrying part are slidably connected conducting wire (8) and direct-current switch power supply (5) connection shape
At closed current loop, direct-current switch power supply (5) is powered on, and high-speed rotating first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) are respectively
The two sides of the first workpiece (1) to be welded and the second workpiece (2) seam to be welded are pressed into, compression distance is 0.1~1mm, is stirred by first
It mixes and applies normal pressure at head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) the shaft shoulder (a) abutment joints, electric current flows through inside workpiece to be welded and generates
Resistance heat softens the metal material of the first workpiece (1) to be welded and the second workpiece (2) seam crossing to be welded, direct-current switch power supply (5)
The electric current of 500~2000A is provided, voltage is 3~20V；
3) high-speed rotating first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) make the metal structure of seam crossing in the shaft shoulder (a) and vortex-like
Reach plastifying state under the agitating friction effect of cable architecture (c), the revolving speed of the first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) is 500
~2000 revs/min；Meanwhile first the ultrasonic wave excitation device (6) connected on stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) open, edge
The metal being plasticized at first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) axial direction direction A-A abutment joint carries out micro- forging processing, makes weld seam
The metal structure crystal grain at place is refined；Then, the first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4) along seam direction forward
Feed motion, feed speed are 20~300mm/min, and the metal of plasticizing is stirred the first stirring-head (3) and the second stirring-head (4)
Mix and squeezing action under, be constantly filled into stirring-head it is mobile after be formed by cavity, and gradually cooled and solidified forms final weldering
It stitches (1-2), to complete the Friction Stir Welding of the first workpiece (1) to be welded and the second workpiece (2) seam to be welded；
First stirring-head (3) uses pin type stirring-head without mixing with the second stirring-head (4), and stirring-head is equipped with the shaft shoulder
(a), retained part (b) and vortex-like cable architecture (c), are made using tool steel, the electrode as resistance heat source, wherein axis
The end face of shoulder (a) is plane, and the gap between vortex-like cable architecture (c) is concave, the end face of vortex-like cable architecture (c) and the shaft shoulder
(a) end face is concordant, and retained part (b) or stirring fixture head need to carry out insulation processing, and vortex-like cable architecture (c) promotes to be plasticized
Metal structure moved along the direction that stirring-head rotates from the advanced side side that shrinks back, between vortex-like cable architecture (c) and the shaft shoulder (a)
Inner groovy can wrap the metal of plasticizing and apply upsetting force to weld seam, promote appearance of weld smooth.
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| CN109571967A (en) * | 2019-02-12 | 2019-04-05 | 黄山学院 | A kind of PVC board friction stir connecting method and device |
| CN110653506B (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-08-20 | 山东碳垣纳米科技有限公司 | Spot welding device and spot welding method |
| CN111672990B (en) * | 2020-06-27 | 2021-10-01 | 上海交通大学 | Current and friction auxiliary heating heterogeneous laminated plate composite forming device and method |
| CN114523187A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-24 | 山东大学 | Friction stir point connection process based on concave pin-free shoulder reinforced light alloy/thermoplastic composite material connection strength |
| CN114789296A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-26 | 昆山六丰机械工业有限公司 | Preheating method before friction stir welding |
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| JPS5781983A (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1982-05-22 | Hakusan Seisakusho:Kk | Friction pressure welding method for stainless steel material and copper material |
| US4970365A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1990-11-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for bonding components leads to pads located on a non-rigid substrate |
| JP4317685B2 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2009-08-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Friction stir welding apparatus and joining method thereof |
| CN101537538B (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-01-05 | 重庆大学 | Integrated pin tool for friction stir welding and composite method of resistance-friction stir welding thereof |
| CN101829853B (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2012-07-11 | 重庆大学 | Current-carrying inertial axial friction composite welding method and equipment thereof |
| CN101972891A (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2011-02-16 | 西北工业大学 | Friction stir welding method and special stirring head of aluminum alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel |
| CN102848069A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-01-02 | 南通天华和睿科技创业有限公司 | Stirring pin for surface stirring and rubbing |
| CN102581471B (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2015-02-18 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding method using fixed shaft shoulder and rotary stirring pin |
| CN102601516A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-side symmetric friction stir welding method |
| CN103949768B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2016-02-03 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of method eliminating friction stir spot welding Hook defect |
| CN106181020B (en) * | 2016-08-28 | 2018-08-10 | 兰州理工大学 | The method that trailing type improves Al/Cu stir friction welding seam tissues |
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