CN106925884B - The axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology - Google Patents
The axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106925884B CN106925884B CN201710179494.8A CN201710179494A CN106925884B CN 106925884 B CN106925884 B CN 106925884B CN 201710179494 A CN201710179494 A CN 201710179494A CN 106925884 B CN106925884 B CN 106925884B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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Abstract
The axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology, sheet thin-walled ring monomer is first prepared using diameter-axial direction hot rolling technique, then material forming technique is increased using Friction Stir Welding and carries out sheet thin-walled ring monomer axially stacked welding forming, welding welding wire used needs to be preheated by laser heater, convenient for the plasticizing of welding wire in welding process, simultaneously in welding process, it needs to carry out micro- forging processing using metal of the ultrasonic wave excitation device to plasticizing, guarantees that the metal structure form of formed weld seam is approximate and form nugget completely；After a week along weld seam welding, welding wire constantly fills keyhole, while stirring-head is slowly extracted out from workpiece, to complete the welding of the first lamellar thin-walled ring monomer；Last successively to carry out the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding increasing material forming of thin-walled ring, the present invention significantly improves the utilization rate of material, reduces energy consumption, improve the overall performance of product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to band large-scale metal ring forming technique fields, and in particular to the axially stacked formula stirring of large thin-wall ring
Friction welding increases material forming technology.
Background technique
With the fast development of China's oil chemical industry, electric power, ship, aerospace and equipment manufacture, ring demand
It is continuously increased, kind is more and more, and size is increasing, and diversification is also increasingly presented in material therefor type.For medium and small type ring
For part, now commonplace forming technique is to carry out ring rolling using machine for rolling ring.However, for large ring,
Since forming process needs huge forming force to complete, large size rolling forging equipment manufacture is difficult, manufacturing cost is high, by milling train
The limitation of forming capacity and product shaping quality is difficult to realize its forming with rolling technique.With ingot casting increase setting rate it is slow,
Material is segregated serious, coarse grains and crackle casting flaw and cannot all eliminate during the later period rolling and forging and pressing, and leads to part
The elongation percentage and intensity of ring are not able to satisfy design requirement.In actual production, easily there is bark pocket, type chamber is not fully filled, coarse-grain
Phenomena such as.And large ring successfully rolls often with more material loss, is cost compared with high-energy source consumption.In addition, existing
Some Friction Stir Weldings are easy the defects of commissure forms overlap, pit and keyhole.Therefore, traditional large thin-wall ring
Processing method has been unable to satisfy efficient, energy-saving material-saving, superior performance the manufacture requirement of market proposition.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages of the above prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide the axially stacked formulas of large thin-wall ring
Friction Stir Welding increase material forming technology, by the technique prepare commissure metal structure formed completely nugget high-performance it is big
Type thin-walled ring can significantly improve the utilization rate of material, reduce energy consumption, improve the overall performance of product.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
The axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology, includes the following steps：
1) sheet thin-walled ring monomer roll forming：Sheet thin-walled ring base is carried out using diameter-axial direction hot rolling technique, it will
Ready ingot prepares sheet thin-walled ring monomer by blanking, base, looping mill rolling, heat treatment and process for machining；
2) axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to sheet thin-walled ring monomer：Firstly, by the first sheet thin-walled
The form clamping that ring monomer 1-1 and the second sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-2 are connect with coaxial layer overlay is made on welding bench
For workpiece to be welded；Then, welding wire 4 is preheated by laser heater 5, preheating temperature reaches lower than welding wire 4
Welding wire 4 after preheating is sent at the weld seam 2-1 of workpiece to be welded by temperature when mecystasis with feed appliance 3；Then, high
The the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 of speed rotation penetrate the two sides of workpiece to be welded, the first Horizontal stirring head respectively
1 penetrates the inside circumference of workpiece to be welded, and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 penetrates the periphery of workpiece to be welded；First Horizontal stirring head 1
Rotation in a counterclockwise direction, the second rotation in a counterclockwise direction of Horizontal stirring head 2, while the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and second is sleeping
Formula stirring-head 2 along weld seam 2-1 around ring circumference counterclockwise movement, identical tangential linear speed when feed appliance 3 is with stirring-head rotation
It spends at past weld seam 2-1 and persistently conveys welding wire 4, welding wire 4 is simultaneously by the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head
2 ceaselessly stir into weld seam 2-1, and the first Horizontal stirring head 1 is identical with the autorotation speed of the second Horizontal stirring head 2, and autorotation speed is big
It is small to need that workpiece weld seam 2-1 surrounding metal and welding wire 4 to be welded is made to be heated to mecystasis, and control temperature and be lower than metal
Fusing point, the metal of plasticizing constantly fills out under the stirring and squeezing action of the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2
It is formed by cavity after filling mixing needle movement, and gradually cooled and solidified forms weld seam 2-1；In addition, the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and
While the stirring welding of two Horizontal stirring heads 2, ultrasonic excitation device 6 is opened, and is carried out at micro- forging to the metal being plasticized at weld seam 2-1
Reason makes the approximate nugget of formation completely of metal structure form at weld seam 2-1；2 edge of first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head
Weld seam 2-1 travels forward stirring welding after a week, and the stirring rate of the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 is constant,
The first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 are slowly extracted out from the weld seam 2-1 of workpiece to be welded simultaneously, and feed appliance 3 continues
Welding wire 4 is conveyed into keyhole, at this point, feed appliance 3 continues to convey the rate of welding wire 4 and the time needs and first is horizontal
The extraction rate and time of stirring-head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 match, and the welding wire 4 until continuing conveying is moulded
Until filling up keyhole after change, completing the first lamellar thin-walled ring monomer, axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increasing material shaped
Journey；
3) the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of thin-walled ring increases material forming：According to the sheet thin-walled ring monomer of step 2)
Axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding increases material forming technology, and axial successively superposition welding sheet thin-walled ring monomer completes second
Layer, third layer, axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to n-th layer sheet thin-walled ring monomer, directly
The workpiece formed to final processing meets product requirement, then completes the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring and increase
Material forming.
The first Horizontal stirring head 1 includes the first shaft shoulder A1 and the first mixing needle B1, and the first shaft shoulder A1 is convex-surface type
's；Second Horizontal stirring head 2 includes the second shaft shoulder A2 and the second mixing needle B2, and the second shaft shoulder A2 is concave.
The welding wire 4 is identical as the material properties of workpiece to be welded.
The laser heater 5 be used for welding wire 4 preheating, guarantee welding wire 4 in the welding process with it is to be welded
Metal at workpiece weld seam 2-1 reaches plastifying state simultaneously.
The present invention has the following advantages that：
1. the present invention utilizes axially stacked formula agitating friction compared with tradition prepares large thin-wall ring by looping mill rolling technique
Welding increases the large thin-wall ring of material forming technology preparation, since workpiece weld seam 2-1 surrounding metal to be welded and welding wire 4 are stirring
Mix under the stirring of head, squeezing action, constantly occur plastic deformation be filled into mixing needle it is mobile after is formed by cavity, and gradually
Cooled and solidified forms weld seam 2-1, and the weld seam 2-1 of formation is not in overlap and pit, and weld seam 2-1 appearance uniform is smooth, intact
It falls into, the mechanical property of welding point is better than melting welding.And Friction Stir Welding increasing material forming process is easy to operate, only needs to use before weldering
Organic solvent removes joint surface grease, removes oxide film dissolving without bevel, postwelding improves stock utilization without removing reinforcement
And production efficiency, reduce energy consumption.
2. Friction Stir Welding increases in material forming process, the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 are along weld seam 2-
1 travels forward stirring welding after a week, and the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 are from the weld seam 2-1 of workpiece to be welded
Slowly during extraction, feed appliance 3 continues to convey welding wire 4 into keyhole, and the welding wire 4 until continuing conveying occurs
Until filling up keyhole after plasticizing, therefore, being formed by weld seam 2-1 tail end not will form keyhole defect.
3. using ultrasonic wave excitation device 6 respectively from two sides above and below workpiece to be welded weldering joint surface to the gold being plasticized in welding process
Belong to and carry out micro- forging processing, forges the fibr tissue of broken material internal being mingled with when rolling/squeeze with mental section, make tissue more refinement
It is small and be evenly distributed, reduce as far as possible so that the formation of the commissure heat engine zone of influence and heat affected area is avoided, to make to be formed
The defects of metal structure form of weld seam 2-1 reaches the approximate degree for forming nugget completely, avoids the occurrence of coarse grains and crackle,
The mechanical property of welding point obtained is better than the welding point of existing agitating friction weldering.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of forming technology of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is forming technology operation principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged view in Fig. 2 at A.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of Horizontal stirring head 1 of the present invention, and figure (a) is main view, and figure (b) is left view.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of Horizontal stirring head 2 of the present invention, and figure (a) is main view, and figure (b) is left view.
Fig. 6 is the half sectional view for the thin-walled ring that the present invention shapes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology, including
Following steps：
1) sheet thin-walled ring monomer roll forming：Sheet thin-walled ring base is carried out using diameter-axial direction hot rolling technique, it will
Ready ingot prepares sheet thin-walled ring monomer by blanking, base, looping mill rolling, heat treatment and process for machining；
2) axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to sheet thin-walled ring monomer：Firstly, by the first sheet thin-walled
The form clamping that ring monomer 1-1 and the second sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-2 are connect with coaxial layer overlay is made on welding bench
For workpiece to be welded；Then, welding wire 4 is preheated by laser heater 5, with feed appliance 3 by the sealing wire after preheating
Material 4 is sent at the weld seam 2-1 of workpiece to be welded；Then, high-speed rotating first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 divide
The two sides of workpiece to be welded are not penetrated, and the first rotation in a counterclockwise direction of Horizontal stirring head 1, the second Horizontal stirring head 2 is with counterclockwise
Direction rotation, at the same the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 along weld seam 2-1 around ring circumference counterclockwise movement, send
For identical tangential linear velocity toward welding wire 4 is persistently conveyed at weld seam 2-1, welding wire 4 is same when glassware is with stirring-head rotation
When weld seam 2-1 ceaselessly stirred by the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2, the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and second is sleeping
The autorotation speed of formula stirring-head 2 is identical, due between the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 and workpiece to be welded
Frictional heat generation, metal and welding wire 4 around workpiece joint to be welded are heated, so, autorotation speed size is necessary to ensure that production
Workpiece weld seam 2-1 surrounding metal to be welded and welding wire 4 can be heated to mecystasis by raw heat, and need to control temperature low
In the fusing point of metal, the metal of plasticizing under the stirring and squeezing action of the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2,
It constantly is formed by cavity after the movement of filling mixing needle, and gradually cooled and solidified forms weld seam 2-1；In addition, the first Horizontal stirring
First 1 and second Horizontal stirring head 2 stirring welding while, ultrasonic excitation device 6 open, to weld seam 2-1 at be plasticized metal progress
Micro- forging processing, reduces the formation of the commissure heat engine zone of influence and heat affected area, makes the approximate complete shape of commissure metal structure form
At nugget, the mechanical property of welding point is improved；First Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 are transported forward along weld seam 2-1
After a week, the stirring rate of the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 is constant, while first is horizontal for dynamic stirring welding
Stirring-head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 are slowly extracted out from the weld seam 2-1 of workpiece to be welded, and feed appliance 3 continues to convey into keyhole
Welding wire 4, at this point, feed appliance 3 continues to convey the rate of welding wire 4 and the time needs and the first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the
The extraction rate of two Horizontal stirring heads 2 and time match, and the welding wire 4 until continuing conveying fills up keyhole after being plasticized
Until, it prevents from remaining withdrawing hole at weld seam 2-1, guarantees that welding joint structure is continuous at withdrawing and material property is stablized；Arrive this,
Completing the first lamellar thin-walled ring monomer, axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming process；
3) the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of thin-walled ring increases material forming：According to the sheet thin-walled ring monomer of step 2)
Axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding increases material forming technology, and axial successively superposition welding sheet thin-walled ring monomer completes second
Layer, third layer, axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to n-th layer sheet thin-walled ring monomer, directly
The workpiece formed to final processing meets product requirement, then completes the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring and increase
Material forming.
Ultrasonic wave excitation device 6 respectively carries out the metal being plasticized in welding process from two sides above and below workpiece to be welded weldering joint surface
Micro- forging processing, forges the fibr tissue of broken material internal being mingled with when rolling/squeeze with mental section, keeps tissue more tiny and divides
Cloth is uniform, reduces as far as possible so that the formation of the commissure heat engine zone of influence and heat affected area is avoided, to make formed weld seam 2-1
Metal structure form the defects of reaching the approximate degree for forming nugget completely, avoiding the occurrence of coarse grains and crackle, improve weldering
The mechanical property of connector.
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the first Horizontal stirring head 1 includes the first shaft shoulder A1 and the first mixing needle B1, first axle
Shoulder A1 is convex-surface type；Second Horizontal stirring head 2 includes the second shaft shoulder A2 and the second mixing needle B2, and the second shaft shoulder A2 is concave
's.The specific type of the shaft shoulder of first Horizontal stirring head 1 and the second Horizontal stirring head 2 may be implemented Friction Stir Welding and increase material
The shaft shoulder is tangent with the joint surface of workpiece to be welded always in the process, to guarantee weld seam wire rod 4 under Friction Stir Welding effect not
It is disconnected to be filled into weld seam 2-1, it prevents occurring pit in welding process at weld seam 2-1, improves the welding quality of weld seam 2-1, thus
Realize that Friction Stir Welding increases material forming.
Referring to Fig. 6, increase the two of the large thin-wall ring of material forming technology processing using axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding
/ mono- sectional view, for axially stacked five layers, wherein the internal diameter of large thin-wall ring is R1, outer diameter R2, five lamellars
Thin-walled ring monomer is respectively that the first sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-1, the second sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-2, third sheet are thin
Wall ring monomer 1-3, the 4th sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-4 and the 5th sheet thin-walled ring monomer 1-5, Friction Stir Welding increase
Material forming obtains four weld seams, respectively weld seam 2-1, weld seam 2-2, weld seam 2-3 and weld seam 2-4.
Claims (4)
1. the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring increases material forming technology, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) sheet thin-walled ring monomer roll forming：Sheet thin-walled ring base is carried out using diameter-axial direction hot rolling technique, will be prepared
Good ingot prepares sheet thin-walled ring monomer by blanking, base, looping mill rolling, heat treatment and process for machining；
2) axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to sheet thin-walled ring monomer：Firstly, by the first sheet thin-walled ring
The form clamping that monomer (1-1) and the second sheet thin-walled ring monomer (1-2) are connect with coaxial layer overlay is made on welding bench
For workpiece to be welded；Then, welding wire (4) is preheated by laser heater (5), preheating temperature is lower than welding wire
(4) reach temperature when mecystasis, the welding wire (4) after preheating is sent to the weld seam (2- of workpiece to be welded with feed appliance (3)
1) place；Then, high-speed rotating first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) penetrate the two of workpiece to be welded respectively
Side, the first Horizontal stirring head (1) penetrate the inside circumference of workpiece to be welded, and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) penetrates the circle of workpiece to be welded
All outsides；First Horizontal stirring head (1) rotation in a counterclockwise direction, second Horizontal stirring head (2) rotation in a counterclockwise direction, together
When the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) along weld seam (2-1) around ring circumference counterclockwise movement, feed appliance
(3) with stirring-head rotation identical tangential linear velocity is toward persistently conveying welding wire (4), welding wire at weld seam (2-1) when
(4) weld seam (2-1), the first Horizontal stirring are ceaselessly stirred by the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) simultaneously
Head (1) is identical with the autorotation speed of the second Horizontal stirring head (2), and autorotation speed size needs to make workpiece weld seam (2-1) week to be welded
It encloses metal and welding wire (4) is heated to mecystasis, and control the fusing point that temperature is lower than metal, the metal of plasticizing is first
Under the stirring and squeezing action of Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2), formed after constantly filling mixing needle movement
Cavity, and gradually cooled and solidified formed weld seam (2-1)；In addition, the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2)
While stirring welding, ultrasonic excitation device (6) is opened, and is carried out micro- forging processing to the metal being plasticized at weld seam (2-1), is made weld seam
Metal structure form is approximate at (2-1) forms nugget completely；First Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) are along weldering
Seam (2-1) travels forward stirring welding after a week, the stirring rate of the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2)
It is constant, while the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) are slowly extracted out from the weld seam (2-1) of workpiece to be welded,
Feed appliance (3) continues to convey welding wire (4) into keyhole, at this point, feed appliance (3) continues to convey the rate of welding wire (4)
And the time needs and the extraction rate and time of the first Horizontal stirring head (1) and the second Horizontal stirring head (2) match, Zhi Daoji
Until the welding wire (4) of continuous conveying fills up keyhole after being plasticized, the first lamellar thin-walled ring monomer axial direction layer is completed
Stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming process；
3) the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of thin-walled ring increases material forming：It is axial according to the sheet thin-walled ring monomer of step 2)
Stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming technology, axial successively superposition welding sheet thin-walled ring monomer, completes the second layer, the
Three layers ..., axially stacked Friction Stir Welding increases material forming to n-th layer sheet thin-walled ring monomer, until finally processing shape
At workpiece meet product requirement, then complete the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring and increase material forming.
2. the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring according to claim 1 increases material forming technology, special
Sign is：The first Horizontal stirring head (1) includes first shaft shoulder (A1) and the first mixing needle (B1), and first shaft shoulder (A1) is
Convex-surface type；Second Horizontal stirring head (2) includes second shaft shoulder (A2) and the second mixing needle (B2), and second shaft shoulder (A2) is concave surface
Type.
3. the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring according to claim 1 increases material forming technology, special
Sign is：The welding wire (4) is identical as the material properties of workpiece to be welded.
4. the axially stacked formula Friction Stir Welding of large thin-wall ring according to claim 1 increases material forming technology, special
Sign is：The laser heater (5) be used for welding wire (4) preheating, guarantee welding wire (4) in the welding process with
Metal at workpiece weld seam (2-1) to be welded reaches plastifying state simultaneously.
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| CN107214410A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-09-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of rotary large thin-wall ring increasing material manufacturing device |
| CN107584122B (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-02-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | It is a kind of based on agitating friction connection-micro- molten drop compound increasing material manufacturing method and apparatus |
| CN107717341A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-02-23 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Modular metal constructs manufacturing process |
| CN110834179B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-09-01 | 西安交通大学 | Axial continuous path friction stir material increase manufacturing process for large thin-wall high-cylinder ring piece |
| CN113351984B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-07-05 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Heat source assisted stirring friction additive manufacturing device and method |
| CN114434086B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2023-06-09 | 国营四达机械制造公司 | Surface crack repairing method for titanium alloy thin-wall part |
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| JP3909616B2 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 2007-04-25 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | Sandwich panel and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2001267120A (en) * | 2000-03-22 | 2001-09-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Superconducting coil joining method and superconducting magnet |
| JP2003126972A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-08 | Hitachi Ltd | Friction agitation welding method |
| CN102601516A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Double-side symmetric friction stir welding method |
| CN102744516B (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-06-03 | 山东大学 | Ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and device |
| CN105171229A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2015-12-23 | 北京理工大学 | Friction stir additive manufacturing method for metal materials |
| CN106112254B (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2018-08-10 | 东晓 | A kind of 3D printing device and method |
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