CN102581473B - Ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding method applicable to connection of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite - Google Patents
Ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding method applicable to connection of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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- CN102581473B CN102581473B CN201210060013.9A CN201210060013A CN102581473B CN 102581473 B CN102581473 B CN 102581473B CN 201210060013 A CN201210060013 A CN 201210060013A CN 102581473 B CN102581473 B CN 102581473B
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Abstract
An ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding process method applicable to connection of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on rotation and vibration of a stirring tool solves the problems that a stirring tool is seriously abraded and is high in manufacturing cost and the like when existing conventional friction stir welding technology is used for connecting particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. A weldment A and a weldment B are clamped on a worktable in a butting manner, a stirring pin of a stirring tool is inserted into a portion to be welded at the rotation speed of 1000-5000rpm, a fixed shaft shoulder of the stirring tool does not rotate and is not inserted into a workpiece, the lower end face of the fixed shaft shoulder is kept in close fit with the upper surface of the workpiece, ultrasonic waves of an ultrasonic transducer are directly transferred into an area to be welded through the stirring pin connected with an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the stirring tool moves along the direction of a welding line at the speed of 50-1000mm/min when reaching a set insertion depth. The ultrasonic waves are effectively transferred to the portion to be welded, crystal particles in a stirring area are thinned, and abrasion of the stirring pin can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field: the present invention relates to a kind of welding method, particularly a kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that is applicable to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connection, belongs to Material Joining Technology field.
Background technology: due to the advantage such as have high specific strength, high-wearing feature, heat-treatability is good, preparation technology is flexible, particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has a wide range of applications in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, military affairs, automobile, electronics.As advanced engineering material of new generation, the Welding Problems of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is the study hotspot of current Chinese scholars.From current present Research, all welding methods that are applicable to aluminium alloy are all applicable to the welding of aluminum matrix composite, but due to difference and the thermodynamic (al) unstability of the physical property between basic aluminium alloy and wild phase, utilize conventional fusion welding method to be difficult to obtain high-quality welding point.Friction stir welding is a kind of solid phase interconnection technique of Britain's institute of welding invention in 1991, there is low distortion, high strength, without advantages such as conventional melting welding defect and green non-pollutions, its connection that appears at particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material provides a new thinking.In aluminum matrix composite, the hardness of the wild phase such as SiC is very high, adopt common material to make stirring tool if utilized, wearing and tearing meeting at welding later stage agitating friction head is very serious, even have the danger fractureing, therefore, someone proposes to utilize GT35 steel bonded carbide to manufacture mixing needle, but the price of GT35 steel bonded carbide is very expensive, is unfavorable for agitating friction welding technology propagation and employment in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Summary of the invention: the present invention is in order to solve existing conventional agitating friction welding technology connecting the shortcoming such as manufacturing cost height that has stirring tool serious wear and stirring tool when particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, propose a kind of based on the shaft shoulder fix, the ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method of mixing needle High Rotation Speed and vibration.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that is applicable to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connection, specifically adopts following steps:
Step 1, weldment A and weldment B docking is placed and is positioned in same level, and with fixture clamping on workbench.
The mixing needle indentation of step 2, composition stirring tool, its maximum gauge is greater than 1.5 times of thickness of workpiece and cone angle is less than 5 °, and mixing needle penetrates position to be welded with the rotating speed of 1000～5000rpm; The shaft shoulder of composition stirring tool is fixed, and the shaft shoulder diameter thickness of workpiece that is greater than 2 times; The ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic transducer is directly delivered to inside, district to be welded by the mixing needle being connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and hyperacoustic parameter is as follows: frequency is that 16～60K and amplitude are 20～50 μ m; It is 1～4mm/min that stirring tool penetrates speed, mixing needle penetrates the little 0.1～0.3mm of workpiece depth ratio thickness of workpiece, the shaft shoulder does not penetrate workpiece, and retainer shaft shoulder end face and workpiece surface fit tightly, so that improve the quality of face of weld and reduce the loss of strength of joint.
Step 3, in the time that stirring tool reaches the lower bundle degree of depth of setting, mixing needle stop lower bundle and continue rotation 1～5 minute; Then, stirring tool moves along the interface horizontal direction of weldment A and weldment B with the speed of 50～1000mm/min, until welded.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, mixing needle High Rotation Speed and vibration and the mutual friction of weldment phase provide a large amount of heat for part to be welded, cause material temperature (being semi-solid temperature) between solidus and liquidus temperature, near the softening degree of the material of mixing needle is strengthened, rotation is reversed with advance resistance and is reduced accordingly, can effectively prevent the generation of the defect such as tunnel, S shape line and reduce the requirement to clamping tool and stirring tool, being applicable to the welding of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Two, surface of the work is fixed and do not penetrated to the shaft shoulder of stirring tool, welding material under soft state is rolled, can prevent that stirring area material from flowing out weldment, avoids the generation of overlap defect, make the surface quality of weldment better, greatly improved the mechanical property of plumb joint.
Three, mixing needle, ultrasonic amplitude transformer and ultrasonic transducer are made to an entirety, less and the engrail of the cone angle of mixing needle, can increase and treat the contact area between wlding, all be conducive to the inside that ultrasonic wave amplifies and be delivered to welding portion effectively, utilize hyperacoustic characteristic to carry out crystal grain thinning and reduce the abrasive action of wlding to mixing needle, improve joint performance, promote the application of solder technology in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of stirring tool.
Fig. 2 is applicable to the ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant stir friction welding process schematic diagram that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connects.
Fig. 3 is the position relationship schematic diagram of stir friction welding process stirring tool and two blocks of sheet materials to be welded.
Detailed description of the invention:
As shown in Figure 1: mixing needle 1, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 3 and ultrasonic transducer 4 are made into an entirety, effectively ultrasonic wave amplified and be delivered to part to be welded; Stirring tool 5 is made up of mixing needle 1, the fixing shaft shoulder 2, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 3 and ultrasonic transducer 4, the fixing shaft shoulder 2 is sleeved on mixing needle 1, the wherein less and engrail of the cone angle of mixing needle 1, can increase and wlding between contact area, and then improved and hyperacousticly affect usefulness and improve the temperature of part to be welded.
As shown in Figure 2: weldment A6 and weldment B7 docking is placed and be positioned in same level (by weldment A6 and weldment B7 group to), described weldment A6 and weldment B7 are sheet material.
As shown in Figure 3: the lower surface of the fixing shaft shoulder 2 keeps fitting tightly but not penetrating with the upper surface for the treatment of weldment, and the degree of depth that penetrates of mixing needle 1 is H, and the thickness of weldment A6 and weldment B7 is T.
Embodiment mono-
A kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant Friction stir welding method that is applicable to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connection described in present embodiment realizes according to following steps:
Step 1, weldment A6 and weldment B7 docking is placed and be positioned in same level (by weldment A6 and weldment B7 group to)), and with fixture clamping on workbench; Described weldment A6 and weldment B7 are sheet material.
Mixing needle 1 indentation of step 2, composition stirring tool 5, maximum gauge is greater than 1.5 times of thickness of workpiece, and cone angle is less than 5 °, penetrates position to be welded (being the interface of weldment A6 and weldment B7) with the rotating speed of 1000～5000rpm; The shaft shoulder 2 fixing (not rotating) of composition stirring tool 5 and the thickness of workpiece that shaft shoulder diameter is greater than 2 times; The ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic transducer 4 is directly delivered to inside, district to be welded by the mixing needle 1 being connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer 3, and hyperacoustic parameter is as follows: frequency is that 16～60K and amplitude are 20～50 μ m; It is 1～4mm/min that stirring tool 5 penetrates speed, mixing needle 1 penetrates the little 0.1～0.3mm of workpiece depth ratio thickness of workpiece, the shaft shoulder 2 does not penetrate workpiece, and retainer shaft shoulder end face and workpiece surface fit tightly, so that improve the quality of face of weld and reduce the loss of strength of joint.
Step 3, in the time that stirring tool 5 reaches the lower bundle degree of depth of setting, mixing needle 1 stop lower bundle and continue rotation 1～5 minute; Then, stirring tool 4 moves along the interface horizontal direction of weldment A6 and weldment B7 with the speed of 50～2500mm/min, until welded.
Embodiment bis-
Present embodiment is in step 2, and the rotary speed of described mixing needle is 3000～5000rpm.The rotary speed that can select according to the concrete condition of the temperature in weldment A6 and weldment B7 and welding process mixing needle, makes workpiece reach semisolid.Other step is identical with embodiment mono-scheme.
Embodiment tri-
Present embodiment is in step 2, and described ultrasonic frequency is 40K～60K.Can select hyperacoustic frequency according to the abrasion condition of the concrete condition of weldment A6 and weldment B7 and mixing needle 1, make the crystal grain of nugget and near zone thereof obtain abundant refinement, improve joint performance.Other step is identical with embodiment mono-scheme.
Embodiment tetra-
Present embodiment is in step 3, and described stirring tool 5 moves along horizontal direction with the speed of 50～200mm/min.The translational speed that can select according to the temperature concrete condition in weldment A6 and weldment B7 and welding process stirring tool, makes workpiece reach semisolid.Other step is identical with embodiment mono-scheme.
Embodiment five
Present embodiment is in step 3, described in the time that stirring tool 5 reaches the lower bundle degree of depth of setting, and mixing needle 1 stops lower bundle and continues rotation 4～5 minutes.The continuation rotational time that can select according to the concrete condition of the temperature in weldment A6 and weldment B7 and welding process mixing needle, makes workpiece obtain sufficient preheating, makes workpiece more easily reach semisolid.Other step is identical with embodiment four directions case.
Claims (4)
1. be applicable to the ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connects, specifically adopt following steps:
Step 1, weldment A and weldment B docking is placed and is positioned in same level, and with fixture clamping on workbench;
The mixing needle indentation of step 2, composition stirring tool, its maximum gauge is greater than 1.5 times of thickness of workpiece and cone angle is less than 5 °, and mixing needle penetrates position to be welded with the rotating speed of 3000～5000rpm; The shaft shoulder of composition stirring tool is fixed, and the shaft shoulder diameter thickness of workpiece that is greater than 2 times; The ultrasonic wave of ultrasonic transducer is directly delivered to inside, district to be welded by the mixing needle being connected with ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and hyperacoustic parameter is as follows: frequency is that 16～60K and amplitude are 20～50 μ m; It is 1～4mm/min that stirring tool penetrates speed, and mixing needle penetrates the little 0.1～0.3mm of workpiece depth ratio thickness of workpiece, and the shaft shoulder does not penetrate workpiece, and retainer shaft shoulder end face and workpiece surface fit tightly;
Step 3, in the time that stirring tool reaches the lower bundle degree of depth of setting, mixing needle stop lower bundle and continue rotation 4～5 minutes; Then, stirring tool moves along the interface horizontal direction of weldment A and weldment B with the speed of 50～200mm/min, until welded.
2. a kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connects that is applicable to as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described weldment A and weldment B are sheet material.
3. a kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connects that is applicable to as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described stirring tool is made up of mixing needle, the fixing shaft shoulder, ultrasonic amplitude transformer and ultrasonic transducer, the fixing shaft shoulder is sleeved on mixing needle, and mixing needle, ultrasonic amplitude transformer and ultrasonic transducer are as a whole.
4. a kind of ultrasonic semi-solid state assistant friction stir welding method that particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material connects that is applicable to as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 2, described ultrasonic frequency is 40K～60K.
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| CN201210060013.9A CN102581473B (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding method applicable to connection of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
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| CN201210060013.9A CN102581473B (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2012-03-08 | Ultrasonic assisted semi-solid friction stir welding method applicable to connection of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
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| CN102581473B true CN102581473B (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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| CN103131981B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-08-26 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave added Semi-solid Stirring friction working method realizing material surface Ultra-fine Grained/nanometer |
| CN103121145B (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2015-08-26 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of method preparing Ultra-fine Grained/nanocrystalline sheet material based on ultrasonic wave added Semi-solid Stirring friction processing technology |
| CN103071917A (en) * | 2013-02-07 | 2013-05-01 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted semisolid stirring friction processing process under controlled cooling environment |
| CN103352193B (en) * | 2013-02-18 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing ultrafine grained aluminum alloy and composite material thereof |
| CN103447685B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-12-23 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of Friction stir welding method without band arc line figuratrix depression |
| CN105290604A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | Friction stir welding method for high-volume-fraction SiCp/Al composite material |
| CN104999175B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-11-21 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that adds improves the method that mixing yoghurt prepares composite uniformity |
| CN105108359A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Lithium battery electrode friction stir and ultrasonic combined welding method |
| CN105108360A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-02 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Lithium battery electrode double-head friction stir and ultrasonic combined welding method |
| CN105397277A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-03-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding device and method by applying ultrasonic vibration from bottom |
| CN106736270B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-11-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of processing method improving aluminum-based composite material plate mill product rate |
| CN106425082A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-02-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Welding method of high-volume-fraction particle reinforced aluminum base composite material |
| CN106583916B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-11-23 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A method of long volume flaw in metal component is answered with agitating friction repair welding |
| CN106624343B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2018-10-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of friction stir welding tools and the method with soldering set reparation keyhole defect |
| CN106670642B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-02-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of friction stir welding tools and the method with tool reparation keyhole defect |
| CN109465535B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2021-03-30 | 北京工业大学 | Aluminum alloy/composite material backfill type friction stir welding spot welding connection process |
| CN110216365B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2020-12-04 | 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司 | Friction stir welding method of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite |
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| US7568608B1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2009-08-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Ultrasonic stir welding process and apparatus |
| CN101890572B (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2012-07-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding method for reversely rotating stirring needle and shaft shoulder |
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