CN108127249A - A kind of focal point control method for laser welding - Google Patents
A kind of focal point control method for laser welding Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108127249A CN108127249A CN201711384172.3A CN201711384172A CN108127249A CN 108127249 A CN108127249 A CN 108127249A CN 201711384172 A CN201711384172 A CN 201711384172A CN 108127249 A CN108127249 A CN 108127249A
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- Prior art keywords
- welding
- laser
- focus
- focal point
- control method
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of focal point control method for laser welding, vertical vibration is carried out while the focus of laser beam is swung laterally relative to welding workpiece in welding process, vibration frequency is 100~500Hz, and amplitude is less than 0.3 times of welding workpiece thickness, hunting frequency is 10~500Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation is 0~1.5mm.The method for laser welding of vertical vibration while the present invention is swung laterally in the welding process as a result of focus, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of vertical vibration and horizontal swing, have effectively achieved compensation workpiece size tolerance, improve butt joint gap tolerance, increase the purpose of the fusion penetration of weld seam, and reduce power needed for welding process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for laser welding of metal material workpiece, being specifically related to one kind, to can be applied to welding vertical
To the focal point control method for laser welding in the fields such as welded pipe line, passenger train, marine ships.
Background technology
Laser welding has energy density high, and speed of welding is fast, and welding seam deep width ratio is big, and joint performance is good, and welding structure becomes
Outstanding advantages of shape is small.As industrial laser develops, the particularly application of high power fiber laser so that laser welding skill
Art is also more and more widely used.But laser welding is high to the requirement of workpiece assembly precision, when assembly precision is not up to
To requirement, gap is excessive between leading to workpiece, and laser can be passed through directly from gap, leads to failure welding defect, presently mainly
This is solved the problems, such as using increase spot diameter or using dual-beam method, however is increased spot diameter and reached similary molten
It is deep, it needs to improve corresponding laser power, causes equipment cost high, and dual-beam laser welding can improve the steady of laser beam welding
Qualitative and reduction weld blowhole, but laser energy density reduces, and reduces its welding penetration.Research shows that beam wobbling can also
For improving to workpiece gap tolerance, stirring action can be played to molten bath by swinging welding, be conducive to the ease of bubble in molten bath
Go out, thus gas pore in weld metal is reduced, but similar with dual-beam laser welding, passes through Beam rotation or the laser welding side of swing
The weld penetration that method obtains also has apparent reduction.
Invention content
Above-mentioned there are problem and shortage it is an object of the invention to be directed to, the tolerance of butt joint gap can be improved by providing one kind
Property, and laser weld joint fusion penetration can be improved, and the focal point control method for laser welding of power needed for welding process can be reduced.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
Focal point control method for laser welding of the present invention, its main feature is that：The focus of laser beam is relative to weldering in welding process
It connects and vertical vibration is carried out while workpiece is swung laterally, vibration frequency is 100~500Hz, and it is thick that amplitude is less than welding workpiece
0.3 times of degree, hunting frequency are 10~500Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation is 0~1.5mm.
Wherein, the defocusing amount of the focus equilbrium position of above-mentioned laser beam is welding workpiece thickness（-0.2）~(- 0.3)
Times.
Above-mentioned laser beam is generated by the laser that power is up to 10kW.
Above-mentioned laser is continuous or pulse disk, optical fiber, CO2Or Nd:YAG laser.
The gage of wire used in welding process is 0.8~1.6mm.
The welding protection gas used in welding process is CO2Or Ar or CO2With the gaseous mixture of Ar.
Above-mentioned laser beam by focus on convex lens focus on, it is described focusing convex lens between symmetrically arranged two shells, and
Sliding block one is provided on one of shell, sliding block two is provided on another shell, sliding block one described in welding process and cunning
Block two drives under the control of electric control system focuses on the vertical vibration that convex lens was in vertical reciprocating motion and realized focus.
Above-mentioned focusing convex lens is mounted in a toroidal shell, and the toroidal shell is between sliding block one and sliding block two and leads to
The shaft set thereon is crossed to be rotatably connected with sliding block one and sliding block two, and brake and bullet are provided on the toroidal shell
Piece is provided with dynamic iron core beside the toroidal shell, there is coil in the dynamic iron core around the home, by electrical control in welding process
System controls the power on/off of astragal and dynamic iron core is made to move up and down, and the shrapnel drives under the up and down motion effect of dynamic iron core
The focusing convex lens of toroidal shell drive thereon swings and realizes the horizontal swing of focus around the shaft together.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the following advantages：
The method for laser welding of vertical vibration, passes through while the present invention is swung laterally in the welding process as a result of focus
The amplitude and frequency of vertical vibration and horizontal swing are adjusted, compensation workpiece size tolerance is had effectively achieved, between raising butt joint
Gap tolerance, increases the purpose of the fusion penetration of weld seam, and reduces power needed for welding process.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is laser welding focus vertical vibration control schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 swings laterally control schematic diagram for laser welding focus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is 6mm thickness 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 steel laser weld joint cross-sectional views, and wherein a is focus vertical vibration institute
The cross-sectional view obtained, b are cross-sectional view of the focus without vertical vibration and horizontal swing gained.
Fig. 4 is 1560 Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys connector cross-sectional view of 5mm thickness, and wherein a is focus without vertical vibration and horizontal stroke
To the cross-sectional view for swinging gained, b is the cross-sectional view of focus vertical vibration and horizontal swing gained.
Fig. 5 is 8mm thickness TC4 laser welded joint of titanium alloy cross-sectional views, and wherein a is put for focus vertical vibration and laterally
The cross-sectional view of dynamic gained, b are cross-sectional view of the focus without vertical vibration and horizontal swing gained.
Fig. 6 is 5mm thickness 12Mn low-alloy steel laser weld joint cross-sectional views, and wherein a and b are focus horizontal swing
The cross-sectional view of gained.
Fig. 7 is 5mm thickness 12Mn low-alloy steel laser weld joint cross-sectional views, and wherein a is focus horizontal swing gained
Cross-sectional view, b be focus without horizontal swing gained cross-sectional view.
Specific embodiment
Focal point control method for laser welding of the present invention is the focus of laser beam in the welding process relative to welding
Vertical vibration is carried out while workpiece is swung laterally to realize.Wherein, vibration frequency is 100~500Hz, and amplitude is less than weldering
Connect 0.3 times of thickness of workpiece, hunting frequency is 10~500Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation is 0~1.5mm, the defocusing amount of focus equilbrium position
For welding workpiece thickness（-0.2）~(- 0.3) times, gage of wire are 0.8~1.6mm, and welding protection gas is CO2Or Ar or
CO2With the gaseous mixture of Ar.Moreover, laser beam is by continuous or pulse disk, optical fiber, CO that power is up to 10kW2Or Nd:YAG
Laser generates.The vibration frequency that the relatively required welding workpiece of the focus of laser beam carries out vertical vibration is set as by the present invention
100~500Hz and horizontal swing hunting frequency be set as 10~500Hz, amplitude of fluctuation is set as 0~1.5mm, be because
To be shown experimentally that：When vertical vibration frequency and horizontal swing frequency are more than 500Hz, molten bath no longer focus point vibration and pendulum
It is dynamic to respond, so the present invention limits vertical vibration frequency and hunting frequency no more than 500Hz, and require welding workpiece gap
Less than 1.5mm.
The realization method of vertical vibration of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, laser beam 1 is focused on by focusing on convex lens 2, and focuses on convex
Mirror 2 is provided with sliding block 1 between symmetrically arranged two shells 6 on one of shell 6, is set on another shell 6
There is sliding block 24, sliding block 1 described in welding process and sliding block 24 drive under the control of electric control system 5 and focus on convex lens 2
It is in vertical reciprocating motion and realizes the vertical vibration of focus.
The realization method that the present invention is swung laterally is mounted on as shown in Fig. 2, focusing on convex lens 2 in a toroidal shell 11, and should
Toroidal shell 11 between sliding block 1 and sliding block 24 and pass through the shaft 13 that sets thereon can with sliding block 1 and sliding block 24
Rotation connection, while brake 10 and shrapnel 12 are provided on toroidal shell 11, and be provided on the side of toroidal shell 11
Dynamic iron core 8 in dynamic iron core 8 has coil 7, is controlled the power on/off of astragal 7 in welding process by electric control system 5 and made around the home
Dynamic iron core 8 moves up and down, and shrapnel 12 drives toroidal shell 11 to drive focusing thereon under the up and down motion effect of dynamic iron core 8
Convex lens 2 13 swings around the shaft together and realizes the horizontal swing of focus.
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1：
Using Nd:YAG continuous wave lasers carry out 6mm thickness 00Cr17Ni14Mo2 steel laser welding, laser power 4kW, weldering
Speed is connect as 72m/h, the defocusing amount of focus equilbrium position is -1.2mm, and a is horizontal for focus vertical vibration laser weld joint in Fig. 3
Sectional view, vertical vibration frequency are 500Hz, amplitude 1.5mm, and fill silk a diameter of 1mm of welding wire；B is focus without Vertical Vibrating in Fig. 3
Dynamic and horizontal swing laser weld joint cross-sectional view.In the case of two kinds as can be seen that in focus vertical vibration laser welding
In the case of, the increase of penetration depth shows that steel increases the absorptivity of laser.
Embodiment 2：
Using Nd:YAG continuous wave lasers carry out 1560 aluminium alloy of 5mm thickness laser welding, laser power 2.5kW, welding
Speed is 60m/h, and the defocusing amount of focus equilbrium position is -2mm, and a is laser of the focus without vertical vibration and horizontal swing in Fig. 4
Welding point cross-sectional view；B is the laser weld joint cross-sectional view of focus vertical vibration and horizontal swing in Fig. 4, is laterally put
Dynamic frequency is 50Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation 1mm, vertical vibration frequency is 500Hz, amplitude 1.5mm.It can be seen in the case of two kinds
Go out, the joint penetration of a is less than the joint penetration of b in Fig. 4 in Fig. 4, illustrates for aluminium alloy, rationally adjusts focus Vertical Vibrating
Dynamic and horizontal swing frequency and amplitude are conducive to improve fusion penetration.
Embodiment 3：
Using Nd:YAG continuous wave lasers carry out 8mm thickness TC4 titanium alloys laser welding, laser power 4kW, welding speed
It spends for 30m/h, a is the laser weld joint cross-sectional view of focus vertical vibration and horizontal swing in Fig. 5, focus vertical vibration frequency
Rate is 500Hz, and amplitude 1.5mm, horizontal swing frequency is 30Hz, amplitude of fluctuation 1.5mm；B is focus without Vertical Vibrating in Fig. 5
Dynamic and horizontal swing laser weld joint cross-sectional view.In the case of two kinds as can be seen that in focus vertical vibration and lateral pendulum
In the case of dynamic laser welding, the increase of penetration depth shows that titanium alloy increases the absorptivity of laser.
Embodiment 4：
Using CO2Continuous wave laser carries out laser welding, laser power 4kW, speed of welding to 5mm thickness 12Mn low-alloy steel
For 60m/h, the defocusing amount of focus equilbrium position is -1mm, and a is the laser weld joint cross section of focus horizontal swing in Fig. 6
Figure, focus horizontal swing frequency is 500Hz, amplitude of fluctuation 1.5mm；B is the laser weld joint of focus horizontal swing in Fig. 6
Cross-sectional view, Wobbing focus spot frequency are 600Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation 1.5mm, the two fusion penetration is very nearly the same, are illustrated when focus is lateral
Hunting frequency is more than 500Hz, and molten bath will not respond swing, that is be increased by further improving hunting frequency molten
It is deep, without the meaning of reality.
Embodiment 5：
Using Nd:YAG continuous wave lasers carry out 5mm thickness 12Mn low-alloy steel laser welding, laser power 4kW, welding
Speed is 45m/h, and the defocusing amount of focus equilbrium position is -1mm, and a is that the laser weld joint of focus horizontal swing is transversal in Fig. 7
Face figure, workpiece gap 1mm；B is laser weld joint cross-sectional view of the focus without horizontal swing in Fig. 7, and workpiece gap is
0.4mm.It can be seen from the experiment that the laser welding of focus horizontal swing swashs workpiece gap tolerance more than focus without horizontal swing
Photocoagulation.
The present invention is described by embodiment, but is not limited the invention, with reference to description of the invention, institute
Other variations of disclosed embodiment, are such as readily apparent that the professional person of this field, such variation should belong to
Within the scope of the claims in the present invention limit.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of focal point control method for laser welding, it is characterised in that：The focus of laser beam is relative to Welder in welding process
Vertical vibration is carried out while part is swung laterally, vibration frequency is 100~500Hz, and amplitude is less than welding workpiece thickness
0.3 times, hunting frequency is 10~500Hz, and amplitude of fluctuation is 0~1.5mm.
2. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The focus balance position of above-mentioned laser beam
The defocusing amount put is welding workpiece thickness（-0.2）~(- 0.3) times.
3. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned laser beam is up to by power
The laser of 10kW generates.
4. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned laser is continuous or pulse
Disk, optical fiber, CO2Or Nd:YAG laser.
5. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The welding wire used in welding process is straight
Diameter is 0.8~1.6mm.
6. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The welding used in welding process is protected
Shield gas is CO2Or Ar or CO2With the gaseous mixture of Ar.
7. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned laser beam is by focusing on convex lens
It focuses on, the focusing convex lens is provided with sliding block one between symmetrically arranged two shells on one of shell, another
Sliding block two is provided on a shell, sliding block one described in welding process and sliding block two drive under the control of electric control system and gather
Burnt convex lens is in vertical reciprocating motion and realizes the vertical vibration of focus.
8. focal point control method for laser welding according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Above-mentioned focusing convex lens is mounted on a ring
In shape housing, the toroidal shell is between sliding block one and sliding block two and passes through the shaft that sets thereon and sliding block one and sliding block
Two are rotatably connected, and brake and shrapnel are provided on the toroidal shell, and dynamic iron is provided with beside the toroidal shell
Core, there is coil in the dynamic iron core around the home, makes dynamic iron core by the power on/off of electric control system control astragal in welding process
It moves up and down, the shrapnel drives the focusing convex lens of toroidal shell drive thereon together under the up and down motion effect of dynamic iron core
The horizontal swing of focus is swung and realized around the shaft.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711384172.3A CN108127249A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of focal point control method for laser welding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711384172.3A CN108127249A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of focal point control method for laser welding |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108127249A true CN108127249A (en) | 2018-06-08 |
Family
ID=62390808
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201711384172.3A Pending CN108127249A (en) | 2017-12-20 | 2017-12-20 | A kind of focal point control method for laser welding |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109604814A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-12 | 东北大学 | A kind of lens axial direction low-frequency vibration auxiliary laser processing unit (plant) |
| CN110480157A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Continuous variable cross section workpiece laser welding method and system |
| CN111185666A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Scanning laser-TIG electric arc composite deep melting welding method |
| CN111843246A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Laser longitudinal drilling method based on defocusing control technology |
| CN112439996A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-05 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Laser-arc hybrid welding method |
| CN113182672A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-30 | 广东宏石激光技术股份有限公司 | Thick material cutting method and system thereof based on dynamic control of three-dimensional track of laser spot |
| CN115106655A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-27 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding method for medium plate |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109604814A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-04-12 | 东北大学 | A kind of lens axial direction low-frequency vibration auxiliary laser processing unit (plant) |
| CN110480157A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | Continuous variable cross section workpiece laser welding method and system |
| CN111185666A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Scanning laser-TIG electric arc composite deep melting welding method |
| CN111843246A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-30 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Laser longitudinal drilling method based on defocusing control technology |
| CN111843246B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-25 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Laser longitudinal drilling method based on defocusing control technology |
| CN112439996A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-03-05 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Laser-arc hybrid welding method |
| CN113182672A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-07-30 | 广东宏石激光技术股份有限公司 | Thick material cutting method and system thereof based on dynamic control of three-dimensional track of laser spot |
| CN115106655A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-09-27 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding method for medium plate |
| CN115106655B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser welding method for medium plate |
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Application publication date: 20180608 |