CN106735909A - It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding - Google Patents
It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN106735909A CN106735909A CN201710066985.1A CN201710066985A CN106735909A CN 106735909 A CN106735909 A CN 106735909A CN 201710066985 A CN201710066985 A CN 201710066985A CN 106735909 A CN106735909 A CN 106735909A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of laser beam plasma arc composite multifunction welding torch, with the cavity that laser beam is passed through, there is constricting nozzle welding torch cavity lower end, plasma electrode constitutes a slit above the constricting nozzle of welding torch, part of laser beam is incident on the slit edges of electrode, and part of laser beam focuses on workpiece after then passing through slit.Gas ionization is caused by the electrode that bombardment with laser beams is heated, plasma arc is initially formed between electrode and constricting nozzle, the plasma arc sets up plasma arc after being compressed by constricting nozzle between workpiece, through nozzle laser beam focus and with the plasma arc interact, caused plasma arc interacts to form Plasma-Laser electric discharge with laser beam, plasma arc is further shunk, under with laser beam collective effect, the pad of high-energy-density is formd on workpiece.The device eliminates the defect of LASER BEAM WELDING and Plasma Welding, with the composite heat power supply coupling efficiency higher with electric arc combined welding than conventional laser beam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding for metal material, the torch device of coating, exactly, be related to laser and
The welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, and use laser of the invention and plasma arc complex welding method.
Background technology
Welding is processing and manufacturing technology that is most important in various metal production industries, cannot replacing completely so far.Weldering
It refers to produce energy density high to form molten bath and mobile molten bath on workpiece to connect operation.Therefore, if Welder can be improved
Energy coupling efficiency between tool and workpiece, that is, be incident on the energy density on workpiece, then can obtain significant economic benefit,
This depends on material and solder technology used.
One of them be exactly have energy coupling density higher plasma weld, plasma weld refer to by compressed etc.
Ionic arc melts the technology that workpiece is welded as energy source, in welding process, what parameter in ionized gases was formed
Plasma arc is compressed, and energy is more concentrated, and the plasma arc generation dynamic pressure of high-energy, its electric arc can penetrate fused solution
Pond, therefore also referred to as " aperture " welding ".What plasma was welded major advantage is to carry out a time, relatively quick material
Welding, joint preparation is minimum.In addition, because plasma arc is gathered in " aperture ", reducing the stress in workpiece or change
Shape.
Although plasma soldering set there are many important advantages, several serious limitation are still suffered from.Plasma arc
Energy density constrains the penetration depth of " aperture ", weldable material thickness and speed of welding.In addition, " aperture " of Plasma Welding
May under some operating conditions occur collapsing, thereby result in weldquality reduction.
In plasma weldering, the energy density being incident on workpiece is the most important parameters to form " aperture ".Plasma is welded
Connecing electric current can form " aperture " in the range of 10 to 250 amperes, but this also depends on the material and speed of welding of workpiece.Separately
Outward, the energy density in the hot spot point on the energy density of plasma arc, incoming workpiece depends on the heat-transfer machine in plasma arc
Reason.When arc temperature is improved, the radiation heat loss of plasma-arc is principal element, so limits Plasma Welding work
The maximum power density of industry, also limit welding more heavy-gauge sheeting or improves the ability of speed of welding.In conventional plasma arc
During weldering, for the electric current of about 200A-250A and the plasma power density of about 3-3.5KW, radiation heat transfer is main
Inducement element, therefore, cannot actually utilize prior art to obtain Plasma Welding power density higher, it is any by increasing weldering
Trial of the torch power consumption to improve power density can all reduce welding efficiency；If the attempt to improving speed of welding, plasma arc can become
Obtain unstable, the hot spot on workpiece can fall after torch axis, and this is to cause a cause of poor welding quality.
Laser beam weldering is another kind using high-energy-density -- laser beam is processed as the high-efficiency and precision that thermal source is welded
Method.The LASER BEAM WELDING of " aperture " pattern can provide relatively large fusion penetration, compared with other fusion welding methods, LASER BEAM WELDING
It is high with energy densityHeat input is few, connector area residual stress and deformation small, fusion zone and heat
The zone of influence is narrow, and fusion penetration it is big, the advantages of seam organization is tiny, joint performance is good.Additionally, with（It is similarly close using high-energy
Degree welding）Electron beam technology is compared, and LASER BEAM WELDING does not need vacuum condition, and protective gas species and pressure limit can be conveniently
Selection, can be directed to inaccessible position and be welded by deviation prism or optical fiber by laser beam, and operation is flexible, can
Welding etc. is focused on through transparent material, laser beam can be controlled flexibly, it is easy to accomplish the three-dimensional automatic welding of workpiece.
Laser beam weldering also has several great restriction conditions.Because weldable material thickness and penetration depth are limited by by coupling
The power and thermal of the laser beam of workpiece is bonded to, therefore is typically only possible by improving laser power the welding effect to improve.
Laser beam weldering generally requires large-scale high power gas laser, solid-state laser or diode laser to generate and maintain
The pattern of " aperture " welding.
It is well known that metallic plasma is welded to the pressure produced by " aperture " inwall to maintenance " aperture " in welding process
The pattern of connecing is very important.But, laser beam can be caused to reflect if plasma density is too high；In fact, plasma
Density become too low or too high, can all cause reduce weld job efficiency.In addition, starting on the material as metal
Laser beam is welded, it is necessary to be formed " aperture " using laser beam power higher, but the power conversion efficiency of laser beam is all very low
's.
Generally speaking, there is following typical restrictive condition in LASER BEAM WELDING technology：
（1）Need point-device weldment position（In the focusing range of laser beam）, weldment need to be controlled using relative complex folder
Tool, to ensure that laser beam hot spot is aligned with the final position of weldment；Workpiece for thickness more than 19mm, is not suitable on production line
Use laser welding.
（2）For high reflectivity and high conductivity material such as aluminium, copper and its alloy etc., the application of LASER BEAM WELDING is limited
System.When high heat input weld is carried out, the performance of LASER BEAM WELDING can be influenceed by plasma.
（3）Energy conversion efficiency is usually less than 10%；Welding bead solidification is fast, may produce stomata and embrittlement.
（4）Apparatus expensive.
In order to eliminate or reducing the defect of LASER BEAM WELDING, on carrying out composite welding using other thermals source and laser beam
Research is just had begun in the eighties, and has had begun to some commercial Applications now, and such as laser beam and electric arc is answered
Welding etc. is closed, is classified according to arrangement, mainly there is laser beam to be arranged with electric arc paraxonic（Typical such as laser and consumable electrode gas
Protection weldering GMAW or pulse laser and gas metal-arc welding GMAW-P composite weldings）, laser beam and electric arc it is coaxially arranged
（Typical such as laser and the electric arc combined welding of TIG）Two major classes.
The characteristics of these technologies is to directly act on workpiece surface with the energy of laser beam, and with GMAW or TIG electric arcs
It is compound, wherein, the high-energy-density of laser beam rises in composite effect, especially in terms of increasing fusion penetration, improving welding efficiency
Decisive role is arrived.But, because the diameter of GMAW or TIG electric arcs is significantly wider than laser beam, the weldering of composite welding operation
Seam surface quality is then decided by GMAW or TIG electric arcs.
Generally speaking, laser beam and electric arc combined it is welded with following significant advantage：
L () in the presence of electric arc, composite welding reduces the requirement of the assembly precision of play movement, therefore can be larger
Welding is realized under play movement.
Increased the fusion penetration of weld seam.Electric arc can reach the depths of weld seam under " aperture " pattern of laser beam, secondly, electricity
Arc can increase absorptivity of the metal works to laser beam energy, and this is also beneficial to increase welding penetration.
The high density energy that laser beam has shortens the workpiece heated time, reduces heat affected area；Meanwhile, electric arc
The setting time in molten bath can be slowed down so that the phase transformation in molten bath can be completed more sufficiently.
" aperture " pattern that laser beam is formed has sucking action to electric arc, compresses the root of electric arc, improves arc energy
The density of amount.
(5) compared with electric arc is welded, laser beam can improve speed of welding with the composite heat power supply of electric arc, certainly, in such case
Under, it is possible to using the laser of smaller power, equipment cost can be reduced.
Although the electric arc combined welding of laser beam has many important advantages, several serious limitation are still suffered from, this makes
Many laser beam electric arc hybrid welding technology technologies are obtained so far still in conceptual phase, in the laser beam of industrial circle application
Electric arc combined solder technology is also limited only to little quantity.
The electric arc combined welding torch simple structure of laser beam of paraxonic arrangement, but larger arrangement space is generally required, weld
Welding system is also relative complex.There is an angle between laser beam and electric arc, this causes workspace of the composite heat power supply on workpiece
Domain is asymmetrical, and the change of arc current is understood momentarily and easily causes two Coupling points of thermal source to deviate, and this is caused
The difficulty increase of the double thermal source coupling stabilizations of control；In the mode of paraxonic arrangement, laser beam will reach workpiece surface through electric arc,
When arc current is larger, the energy of laser beam can be weakened, this also have impact on the performance of the welding efficiency of this mode, generally adopt
Solution can only be using more powerful laser.In addition, in practical application, using the laser of paraxonic arrangement
The electric arc combined solder technology of beam still needs the accurate weld groove precision of comparing and just can guarantee that welding quality high.
Included using the achievement in research of coaxially arranged mode with close, some laser beams of the invention and electric arc：
A kind of method of coaxial-symmetrical composite heat power supply, the symmetrical laser beam of 2 beams is divided into using spectroscope by incident laser, is melted
Change pole gas shielded arc welding（MIG is welded）Electrode is sent into by the middle of dual-beam.Because dual-beam is non-close, the introducing of MIG electrodes
Beam Propagation path can be avoided.Dual-beam is symmetrically focused on welding wire feeding direction front end by focusing system from electrode both sides
Same position, realizes that laser is coaxial with electric arc in the case where welding wire does not influence beam Propagation.The deficiency that the method is present is sharp
There is certain angle, symmetry axis and the arc axis weight difficult to realize of double laser beam with electric arc in itself after light light splitting per beam laser beam
Close, giving for welding wire has a significant impact to the transmission that laser beam reaches workpiece.
Several laser beams close with the present invention are included with electric arc using the achievement in research of coaxially arranged mode：
United States Patent (USP) US4,689,466 describes the laser beam and the coaxial cloth of electric arc of a kind of entitled " laser beam operation process equipment "
Put technology.That patent describes a kind of laser and electric arc combined welder, wherein laser beam collects by not contracted nozzle
To workpiece surface, the non-melt electrode of annular is placed in nozzle end, arc discharge is formed between electrode and workpiece surface, auxiliary
Gas is helped to be changed into plasma by the nozzle and when by electric arc ionization, plasma can absorb part reflection
Laser energy and this portion of energy is passed into workpiece surface.In this case, some for generally being lost by reflection swash
The energy of light beam is applied to welding process after being intercepted and captured by plasma, therefore improves processing efficiency.That is, the system institute
The coupling efficiency of raising because plasma has reclaimed the laser reflection energy that a part would generally lose, coupling efficiency because
This is improved.
In the above-described techniques, because laser beam is interacted with not contracted electric arc, and plasma temperature less than etc.
Ion arc temperature, thus the not contracted electric arc of laser beam absorption absorbability be than relatively low, if reducing the power of laser,
Coupling efficiency between the energy and workpiece of laser beam generation is not notable.In addition, as it was previously stated, material surface to be welded reaches it
Metal vapors plumage can be produced during boiling temperature, the steam plumage still can occur occlusion effect to laser beam；When relatively low using power
During laser, electric arc dynamic pressure may be not enough to start " aperture " mode of operation.
Compare similar therewith, be that one kind uses hollow tungsten electrode（Non-melt electrode）The electric arc of formation is with laser beam as multiple
Close the technology of welding heat source, i.e., so-called laser beam and TIG composite welding apparatus.Produced between the tip of hollow tungsten electrode and workpiece
Raw plasma-arc is not compressed, and laser beam reaches workpiece surface from tungsten electrode center through cyclic arc, and it is combined
Principle is as shown in drawings.During composite welding, because laser beam is passed through from arc center, hence without welding direction
Problem, this is particularly suitable for the welding of 3 d part.Although the coaxial compound welding torch of regulation does not have the compound welding torch of paraxonic
It is so complicated, but distance all welding qualities of the size in tungsten electrode aperture, tungsten electrode tip and workpiece have large effect, and
The scaling loss at tungsten electrode tip can have a strong impact on the shape of cyclic arc, influence the stability and weld shape of welding process.
It is close with the present invention, using laser beam and compression plasma-arc be compound, technology that is having announced also includes the U.S.
Described in patent US5,705,785 and US6,388,227.The spy of these technological incorporation laser beam welding torch and plasma welding torch
Point, i.e., be all the laser beam solder technology compound with the plasma-arc for being compressed.
For example, United States Patent (USP) US5,705,785 describe a kind of non-melt electrode of conical form, and welding torch remainder is just
As standard plasma arc torch.Wherein, the spot diameter when diameter of conical electrode is passed through less than laser beam from center,
Laser beam is set partly to be radiated on the electrode of cone.When conical electrode is heated by bombardment with laser beams, protective gas
It is ionized and is formed plasma arc.Laser beam by being focused on workpiece after nozzle, and grade between electrode and workpiece from
Subarc interacts, and plasma-laser discharge is formd, so as to improve the energy density in workpiece solder joint.
The laser beam electric arc combined solder technology coaxially arranged compared to foregoing items, the technology are because used what is compressed
Plasma-arc, part of laser beam carries out radiant heating to electrode, and electric current is caused with electrode by the resultant effect of laser beam heats
Electron emission, forms plasma gas, and plasma gas is compressed, ionized and then forms plasma arc, laser beam edge
It axially interacts with plasma arc, forms the compound electric discharge of laser plasma, therefore improve laser beam and plasma-arc
Coupling efficiency.But it is significantly limited in that, the reliability of conical electrode is relatively low, and this electrode is more complicated, production
The high cost of manufacture, the motlten metal splash that electrode is possible to during being soldered pollutes；Simultaneously as electrode structure
Complexity, the manufacture of coaxially arranged laser beam with electric arc combined welding torch is complicated, it is difficult to form standardization.
On the basis of above-mentioned technology, United States Patent (USP) US6,388,227 propose a kind of improvement project：By overall circular cone
The electrode of form is changed to be combined by pole tungsten electrode of 2 radicles with spherical regenerator, the center line and laser beam of pole tungsten electrode
Center line formed Ge Rui circle, and apart from laser beam center line distance less than laser beam radius.This technical scheme
Improvements, be that overall annular electrode is demarcated as compound electrode.Meanwhile, the technical scheme proposes a kind of by end
The positive and negative electrode of portion's spherical heat storage realizes the concept of pulse plasma electric arc and pulse laser beam matching, it is therefore an objective to reduce gold
Absorption of the category steam plumage to laser beam energy.
This technical scheme attempts generally solving as far as possible many defects of conventional technical scheme, but is limited at that time
Technology status, improved effect is difficult ideally to realize, hybrid welding torch mechanism is still very complicated and costliness, or even almost cannot be again
Duplication is made.Its limitation is also resided in, and it is light that the program is only applicable to some for the improvement that the plasma power supply of alternating polarity is done
Metal is welded；The manufacture of the round bar shape compound electrode with spherical regenerator, installation accuracy requirement are very high, and electrode is changed difficult.
It is clear that working as, it is necessary to further overcome on the basis of above-mentioned all electric arc combined technical schemes of multi-laser beam
The above-mentioned restriction condition and limitation of preceding laser beam plasma welding torch, while adapting to the welding needs of current various new material.
In addition, for most of users, due to the complexity of condition of work, must not use in many cases
Different welding manners completes a complete welding procedure job, such as when welded seam bottom and top.It is logical
Welding torch in the case of often can be only done a weld job, and this causes that welding operation becomes complicated, and user needs the multiple welderings of purchase
Torch and also take more time and to change welding torch, have impact on welding efficiency.
The content of the invention
It is compound for laser beam and plasma arc the invention provides one kind for above-mentioned problems of the prior art
The welding torch and its application method of welding, by the invention it is possible to it is same realized on welding torch laser beam plasma Composite welding,
The composite weldings such as laser beam plasma Composite filler wire welding, laser beam plasma MIG composite weldings are operated, it is also possible to complete laser
The welding operations such as landfilling area, laser MIG composite weldings, plasma MIG composite weldings, can also be individually done laser beam weldering
Connect, plasma（Fill silk or do not fill silk）Welding, MIG welding.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, present invention employs following technical scheme：
It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, the welding torch includes：
A) torch body, torch body has input, output end and the hollow cavity between input and output end, swashs
Light beam is projected from input is incident from output end；
B) insulating bushing of torch body output end is arranged on, is provided with insulating bushing bottom and the same central shaft of torch body
Line, the perforate passed through for laser beam；
C) the protection nozzle for being arranged on the constricting nozzle of insulating bushing output end and being enclosed in outside constricting nozzle；Constricting nozzle has
There are the through hole and cutting plane centered on torch body central axis, the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is perpendicular to torch body central shaft
Line；
d）Two plasma electrodes of insulating bushing both sides are arranged on, two plasma electrodes are square on the through hole of constricting nozzle
Into slit, slit center line is consistent with welding direction, and torch body central axis passes through slit center, and slit width is less than described
Laser beam passes through the diameter during slit.
Further, the longitudinal axis of each plasma electrode and the torch body central axis form one towards Welder
The acute angle of part, the acute angle is between 2-89 degree.
Further, the slit width is 0.1-1.5mm, the distance of the cutting plane of constricting nozzle described in the slot distances
In 1-5mm.
Input has protective gas in region between constricting nozzle and the plasma electrode, protects nozzle and constricting nozzle
Between input have protective gas.
Further, the welding torch also includes being arranged on the wire-feeding pipe of torch body bottom, and wire-feeding pipe is arranged on along welding side
To opposite side, the longitudinal axis of the wire-feeding pipe is at an acute angle with the torch body center line and intersects at the pad of workpiece
On, the acute angle is 20-80 degree.
Further, the also MIG welding including being arranged on torch body bottom, being arranged in welding direction opposite side
Consumable electrode electrode and nozzle, the consumable electrode electrode are located at the nozzle interior and have same axis with the nozzle, described
Consumable electrode electrode and the central axis of torch body arrangement at an acute angle, the acute angle are 0-45 degree.
The longitudinal axis of consumable electrode electrode is D with the distance of torch body center line with workpiece joining, and D is 3-15mm.
The application method of above-mentioned welding torch, including：Can individually be carried out in the case where the laser beam sources are closed etc. from
Sub- electric arc welding operation；In the case where plasma source is closed, the width of the plasma electrode slit is adjusted, it is possible to individually
Carry out LASER BEAM WELDING operation.
Plasma-arc welding, plasma-arc can be individually carried out in the case where the laser beam sources are closed to fill silk
Welding operation；In the case where plasma source is closed, it is only necessary to adjust the width of the plasma electrode slit, it is possible to individually
Carry out LASER BEAM WELDING, laser beam filler wire welding operation.
In the case where closing the laser beam sources, closing the plasma source, MIG electric arc welding can be individually carried out
Operation；In the case where the plasma source, the MIG power supplys is closed, it is only necessary to adjust the width of the plasma electrode slit
Degree, it is possible to individually carry out LASER BEAM WELDING, the operation of laser beam filler wire welding；If being simply turned off the plasma source, can
To carry out laser beam MIG composite weldings；If turned off laser beam sources and the MIG power supplys, then plasma arc welding can be carried out
Connect, plasma-arc filler wire welding；If being simply turned off laser beam sources, plasma MIG composite weldings can be carried out；If only closed
MIG power supplys are closed, then can carry out the welding of laser beam plasma Composite, laser beam plasma filler wire welding.
Laser beam plasma arc composite welding welding torch, is to carry out welding behaviour using the coupling energy of laser beam and plasma arc
The hybrid welding torch of work, using device of the invention, can obtain high being combined using the laser of smaller power in workpiece surface
Thermal source coupling efficiency, eliminates the defect of some LASER BEAM WELDINGs, including workpiece must possess very accurate dimension, welding bead solidification
Hurry up（May there are stomata and embrittlement）, apparatus expensive etc..Using device of the invention, while also eliminating some Plasma Weldings
Defect, including welding efficiency it is relatively low, thicker workpiece etc. can not be welded.Eliminate existing some laser beam plasma Composites welding dress
The defect put, including torch structure it is complicated, manufacture and installation difficulty are big, range of application is narrower etc..
The welding torch, is based on conventional Plasma Welding welding torch, the hybrid welding torch of access laser beam, mainly to include
Laser beam source and plasma electrode, nozzle and gas shield device, laser beam are arranged with plasma nozzle using coaxial manner.
In Igniting pattern is welded, part of laser beam is incident on electrode, and plasma-arc is set up between electrode and nozzle, should
Plasma arc sets up operating arc after nozzle is compressed between workpiece.Therefore, it is suitable for using pulse
The situation of formula Plasma Welding.
Plasma electrode refers to a kind of compound electrode with slit shape, also, in the slit of plasma electrode
Heart line is consistent with welding direction.In welding process, a part for laser beam is incided on electrode, and exciting electrode forms high density
The plasma-arc of energy, the plasma-arc produced with electrode current couples superposition, forms energy density plasma higher
Electric arc；Another part of laser beam passes through the slit of electrode, and through the energy density compressed plasma-arc higher, and
It is total to and with this plasma-arc
Slit electrode is by 2（Or 1, or it is more）, end there is polygon or rectangle or rectangle or ellipse
Electrode is constituted, and 2 axis of electrode are mutually sharp boundary's arrangement with laser beam center line, and a narrow straight seam is formed in electrode tip,
The center line of the slit is consistent with welding direction, and the width of slit is less than lasing beam diameter.In the present invention, due to only needing to control
The width dimensions of slit processed, therefore be easier to realize the installation of electrode.Meanwhile, even if laser beam exist along slit center line it is micro-
The movement of amount, the laser beam of a part is also focused on easily through slit and in workpiece surface.
The welding torch of the laser beam plasma arc compound welding technology, the end of its slit electrode is towards the side of nozzle
To being plane（The flat shape can be obtained by carrying out simple processing to electrode tip）, the shape of the plane is polygon
Shape or rectangle or rectangle or ellipse.According to the present invention it is possible to ensure that electrode has larger area flow of emitted electrons, together
When, in welding process, even if electrode has part scaling loss, as long as not influenceing part of laser beam through slit, would not without prejudice to
Welding process.
The welding torch of the laser beam plasma arc compound welding technology, its slit plasma electrode can also be by 1, end
There is the polygon or rectangle of taper or the electrode of rectangle or ellipse to constitute in portion, the axis of electrode and laser beam center line into
Sharp boundary's arrangement, the end of electrode is being plane towards the direction of nozzle.Electrode tip is small apart from the distance of laser beam center line
In the radius of laser beam.
The occasion of variable polarity plasma arc welding power supply is used in welding aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy or the need for other, the present invention is same
Sample is applicable.Meanwhile, in the alloy such as end coated thorium, lanthanum, zirconium of plasma electrode, be conducive to extending the service life of electrode,
Be conducive to improving the stability of welding process.
The welding torch of the laser beam plasma arc compound welding technology, send in the opposite side arrangement along welding direction of welding torch
Silk head（It is connected with wire-feed motor）, and the axis of wire-feeding pipe is at an acute angle with laser beam center line（The adjustable angle）, then constitute sharp
The compound filler wire welding welding torch of light beam plasma arc.It is of the invention to focus on, if using gas metal-arc welding（That is MAG/
MIG welding manners）Wire feeding head, then the welding torch as a kind of laser beam plasma arc Yu MIG compound welding technologies；If wire feed
Mechanism does not introduce electric current, then as a kind of welding torch of the compound filler wire welding technology of laser beam plasma arc.
The multi-functional hybrid welding torch of the laser beam plasma MIG, refers to the incidental various welding methods of welding torch of the present invention
Can individually be run with 100% ground in the case where other welding methods are closed, and can be realized with combination of two multiple
Close welding operation.For example, in the case that other welding methods are closed, including plasma power supply is closed, can be by regulation
The width of plasma electrode slit, makes laser beam entirely through slit and constricting nozzle, and focuses on workpiece, so that real
Existing single LASER BEAM WELDING.In addition to laser beam, Plasma Welding and MIG welding can be closed in other welding methods
In the case of and without being adjusted to welding torch, you can individually run with 100% ground.If for example, using laser beam plasma
Arc hybrid welding torch, in addition to the laser beam plasma arc composite welding, in the case where other welding methods are closed, it is also possible to
Individually carry out LASER BEAM WELDING and plasma-arc welding；If being combined the welding torch that fills silk using laser beam plasma arc, except
Outside the compound filler wire welding of the laser beam plasma arc, in the case where other welding methods are closed, then laser beam can be realized
Welding, laser beam filler wire welding, and Plasma Welding and plasma filler wire welding；If using laser beam plasma arc MIG
Hybrid welding torch, in addition to the laser beam plasma arc MIG composite weldings, in the case where other welding methods are closed, then may be used
To realize LASER BEAM WELDING, laser beam filler wire welding, the welding of laser beam plasma Composite, laser beam plasma Composite landfilling area
Connect, the welding of laser beam MIG composite weldings, plasma-arc, plasma filler wire welding, plasma MIG composite weldings, MIG welding
Operation etc..
The technique effect that the present invention has：
（1）, the invention provides a kind of by laser beam and the method for plasma arc composite welding and welding torch compressed, it is most heavy
The effect wanted includes：The plasma-arc of the higher energy density formed under the double action of laser beam and electric current, in workpiece
Surface couples with laser beam, therefore can obtain the composite heat power supply higher with electric arc combined welding than conventional laser beam and couple effect
Rate.The present invention realizes that the method for above-mentioned mechanism is using a kind of compound electrode with slit, using this manufacture, installation, operation
Relatively easy composite welding welding torch, the invention provides a kind of cost it is lower, the laser of similar higher-wattage can be obtained
Beam Weldability and efficiency, while eliminate the welding method of some laser welding defects, while also providing a kind of more efficient
Plasma welding method, not only eliminate the limitations of some Plasma Weldings, and can obtain close to laser
The quality and efficiency of beam welding.
（2）, using the present invention, make it possible that laser beam plasma arc is combined filler wire welding.This laser beam plasma
The compound welding with filler wire method of arc greatly extends the range of application of Plasma Welding, can obtain close to LASER BEAM WELDING
Ability and efficiency, while being conducive to improving the performance of weld seam and joint, are suitable for welding various steel and non-ferrous metal, Welder
The thickness range of part is also expanded.
（3）, present invention also offers a kind of compound MIG welding methods of laser beam plasma arc, compared to existing technology, this hair
The bright defect for eliminating some prior arts, can complete efficient weld job with the laser of smaller power, be conducive to
Reduce the equipment cost of the electric arc combined welding system of laser beam.Simultaneously as with the heat higher than conventional plasma-arc
Source coupling efficiency, the compound MIG welding methods of this laser beam plasma arc are very suitable for the welding of cut deal high-strength steel, welding
Quality is better than prior art.
（4）, another important effect of the invention, be a simplified hybrid welding torch electrode structure, be easy to manufacture, install and
Operation, including change electrode.The present invention is adapted to using newest laser technique and plasma electric source technology, and welding torch may enter one
Step reduces size, and this will easily facilitate welding procedure, and advantageously reduce the cost of hybrid welding torch.
（5）, another important effect of the invention, be that welding torch has multinomial welding function, can individually run certain
A kind of operation of welding method, it is also possible to individually run the operation of a certain complex welding method, it is right that this can be greatly simplified
The welding operation of a certain specific workpiece, it is not necessary to be adjusted to welding torch or only need little adjustment, it is possible to using not
Same welding method completes complicated welding job.This is highly significant for automatic welding production line.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the laser beam and plasma arc hybrid welding torch described in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the laser beam welding torch that fills silk compound with plasma arc described in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 3 is the laser beam plasma arc and MIG hybrid welding torch described in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with specific embodiment for explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Embodiment 1
Welding torch of the invention 100 includes torch body 110, and it has central axis 111 and cavity 113.In torch body 110
There is optical system on one end, it includes lens 112.Lens 112 are used to focus on incoming laser beam 114, so that light beam 114 and welding torch
The central axis 111 of main body 110 is conllinear and is focused in being located at a focus FP outside welding torch 100.
In Fig. 1, torch body 110 includes 2（Or 1, or 4 electrodes and positioned opposite two-by-two）The He of electrode 130
230th, there be cone and the arranged concentric of constricting nozzle 120 protection nozzle, compression in constricting nozzle 120, constricting nozzle outside
Inside and outside nozzle 120（Between constricting nozzle 120 and protection nozzle）All it is passed through protective gas.Laser beam 114 is constituted in 2 electrodes
There is certain radius r1 at slit, there is certain radius r2 in the tapping of constricting nozzle 120.
The insulating bushing 160 made by electrically insulating material is arranged on the output end of torch body 110.Insulating bushing 160 has
The promising cavity by the perforate of laser beam 114 and for laying electrode 130,230.
It is individual（Or 1, or 4 positioned opposite two-by-two）Electrode 130 and 230 constitutes one on the perforate top of constricting nozzle 120
Individual slit, the width of slit is d, 2（Or 1, or 4 positioned opposite two-by-two）The lower surface Range compress of electrode 130 and 230
The distance of the perforate upper surface of nozzle 120 is h.
Perpendicular to central axis 111, its through hole has radius R to the lower cutting plane of the far-end of constricting nozzle 120, the radius
R is located at the radius r2 of the tapping of constricting nozzle 120 more than laser beam.The scope of radius R is preferably between 0.5mm to 5mm, no
Should stop that laser beam 114 passes through constricting nozzle.
According to the experimental test of inventor, electrode 130 and 230 is wide in the slit that the perforate top of constricting nozzle 120 constitutes
Degree d scopes can be between 0.1mm to 1.5mm；The perforate upper surface distance of Range compress nozzle 120 can be in 1mm extremely for h scopes
Between 5mm；Radius r1 scope of the laser beam 114 at the slit that 2 electrodes are constituted can be between 0.1mm to 1.5mm, radius r1
Numerical value should be greater than electrode narrow slit width d half, therefore part of laser beam can incide the edge of electrode narrow slit, preferably imitate
Fruit be ensure grade between the laser beam enough ignitors of heat and the constricting nozzle that are incided on this section on electrode from
Subarc, while being easy to electrode to install.At least one electrode line can be moved back and forth along its longitudinal axis, so be conveniently adjusted 2 electrode tips
Slit width.
Two longitudinal axis of electrode 130,230 131,231 near the cutting plane of constricting nozzle 120 with central axis 111
It is intersecting.The longitudinal axis 132,232 of electrode 130,230 forms an acute angle A towards main body 110 with central axis 111.Acute angle A
Scope be most preferably between 2 ° to 89 °, best effects are that guarantee section laser beam is incident on electrode tip and draws enough
Plasma arc between combustion electrode and constricting nozzle, while being easy to electrode to install, welding torch size will not be made excessively heavy.
In order to run welding torch of the invention 100, usually electric current is set up between electrode 230 and workpiece 180.By outer laser
The laser beam 114 that source (not shown) is provided collinearly is propagated through lens 112 along the central axis 111 of main body 110.Constricting nozzle
120 directing plasma flows, it is conllinear with central axis 111 and laser beam 114, therefore is formed on the surface of workpiece 180 high
Energy density spot, i.e., the energy in the region of very small range with the high aggregation from welding torch 100.The edge of laser beam 114
The central axis 111 of torch body 110 is propagated, and electrode 130,230 is heated and between constricting nozzle by part of laser beam 114
Plasma arc is formed in cavity, the plasma arc for being compressed then is set up between constricting nozzle 120 and workpiece 180；Laser
Beam 114 is focused at the focus FP outside torch body 110, is formed in the region between welding main body 110 and workpiece 180
The plasma arcs for being compressed interacted with the laser beam 114 through constricting nozzle 120 and produce more high shrinkage
Plasma arcs, it has energy density very high and is passed to workpiece 180.
The diameters of the width d less than laser beam 114 of the electrode narrow slit of the composition of electrode 130,230（2 x r1）.Using so
Geometric configuration, slit edges region that a part of laser beam 114 is constituted by electrode 130,230 absorbs, which results in electricity
The end-heating of pole 130,230, thus strengthens electron emission, and the chamber between electrode 130 and 230 and constricting nozzle 120
Plasma arc is set up, so as to complete laser striking.
Between electrode and constricting nozzle 120 formed plasma-arc by nozzle 120 compression after, with laser beam 114
Interaction forms the compound electric discharge of laser plasma, and the plasma arc of high-energy, and direct effect are set up between workpiece 180
On workpiece 180.For compared to single laser beam or plasma-arc, welding torch of the present invention improves the surface of workpiece 180
Energy density, and then improve coupling efficiency.
When laser beam 114 injects workpiece 180, the surface of workpiece 180 gasifies to form surface plasma jet.Due to surface
The ionization potential of jet enhances the plasma at LASER SPECKLE top less than the ionization potential of general nozzle and protective gas
Body electric conductivity, makes plasma arc further shrink, therefore improves energy density and coupling efficiency at workpiece 180.
Composite laser and plasma arc interact also has the additional effect of contraction and stabilized plasma arc.With routine
Plasma-arc compare, in the case of by the additional heating of part of laser beam, there is bigger volume to be near eletrode tip
High temperature, therefore improve the current density in plasma.In addition, when laser beam 114 is inhaled with Plasma Interaction and by it
In the time receiving, also it is enhanced along the plasma temperature and current density of laser beam axis.
The Main physical effect occurred in enhanced interaction between laser beam 114 and plasma arc include 1. etc. from
Subarc shrinks and produces energy density higher；2. the heat-affected zone for reducing on workpiece 180 or hot spot point；3. plasma is improved
Temperature；4. plasma arc stability is improved；5. energy consumption is reduced.Total net effect is to produce energy higher close on workpiece 180
Degree spot, laser beam is more efficiently coupled and is transferred on workpiece 180 with electric arc combined energy.
It is well known that forming black flour spoke of the open-work as laser beam 114 by plasma arc or plasma jet
Beam, thereby enhances absorption of the workpiece 180 to the energy of laser beam 114.
In addition, the present invention also adopts some ripe technical schemes, such as cathode surface in the manufacture of tungsten metal coats example
Such as the metal oxide of thorium, lanthanum and zirconium, the service life of tungsten electrode can be improved.According to the present invention, because electrode is added by laser beam
Heat so that electrode hot spot size increases, and this just alleviates the peak temperature of electrode spot, therefore can significantly extend electrode and use the longevity
Life.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Fig. 2 on the basis of embodiment 1, welding torch 100 further comprises the wire-feeding pipe for laser beam plasma landfilling area
330, the arrangement at an acute angle of central axis 111 of the wire-feeding pipe 330 and torch body 100, and it is arranged in the edge welding side of welding torch 100
To opposition side, the scope of acute angle is most preferably at 20 ° extremely between wire-feeding pipe 330 and the central axis 111 of torch body 100
Between 80 °, best effects are to ensure that welding wire intersects with plasma arc in the upper surface of workpiece 180, while welding torch size mistake will not be made
In heaviness.The longitudinal axis 332 of wire-feeding pipe 330 intersects at the upper surface of workpiece 180 with the center line 111 of torch body.
Embodiment 3
As shown in figure 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, welding torch 100 further comprises for melting that laser beam plasma MIG welding connects
Change pole electrodes conduct mouth 430, wire-feeding pipe 431 and protection air-casing 432, ignition tip 430 is located at protection air-casing 432 inside and with 432
With one heart；The arrangement at an acute angle of central axis 111 of the ignition tip 430 and torch body 100, the acute angle in the range of 0 to 60 degree, and
The opposite side along welding direction of welding torch 100 is arranged in, its longitudinal axis 432 is intersected at the center line 111 of torch body 110
Under the upper surface of workpiece 180, and with welding torch center line 111 the intersection point of the upper surface of workpiece 180 distance be D；D is defined as melting
Change electric arc impact point and non-melt electrode of the pole electrical arc on the surface of workpiece 180（130,230）Plasma-arc shock point it
Between distance, the scope apart from D is in 3 to 15mm, and this can be adjusted apart from D according to different welding parameters.
For person of ordinary skill in the field, with the development of technology, present inventive concept can be by different way
Realize.Embodiments of the present invention are not limited in embodiments described above, and can carry out within the scope of the claims
Change.And should be understood that wording used herein and term are, for illustrating, and to be not considered as restricted
's.Therefore, the group of laser of the invention and plasma arc hybrid welding torch is more fully understood with appended explanation referring to the drawings
Into part, operation and implementation.It should be noted that schematic diagram of the present invention shown here is served only for exemplary purpose, and not
It is restricted to want.
Claims (10)
1. it is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that the welding torch includes：
A) torch body, torch body has input, output end and the hollow cavity between input and output end, swashs
Light beam is projected from input is incident from output end；
B) insulating bushing of torch body output end is arranged on, is provided with insulating bushing bottom and the same central shaft of torch body
Line, the perforate passed through for laser beam；
C) the protection nozzle for being arranged on the constricting nozzle of insulating bushing output end and being enclosed in outside constricting nozzle；Constricting nozzle has
There are the through hole and cutting plane centered on torch body central axis, the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is perpendicular to torch body central shaft
Line；
d）Two plasma electrodes of insulating bushing both sides are arranged on, two plasma electrodes are square on the through hole of constricting nozzle
Into slit, slit center line is consistent with welding direction, and torch body central axis passes through slit center, and slit width is less than described
Laser beam passes through the diameter during slit.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that each
The longitudinal axis of plasma electrode and the torch body central axis form an acute angle towards welding workpiece, and the acute angle is in 2-
Between 89 degree.
3. it is as claimed in claim 2 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that described
Slit width is 0.1-1.5mm, and the distance of the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is in 1-5mm described in the slot distances.
4. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that compression
Input has protective gas in region between nozzle and the plasma electrode, and input has guarantor between protection nozzle and constricting nozzle
Shield gas.
5. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that also to wrap
Include the wire-feeding pipe for being arranged on torch body bottom, wire-feeding pipe is arranged on along the opposite side of welding direction, the wire-feeding pipe it is vertical
Axis is at an acute angle with the torch body center line and intersects on the pad of workpiece, and the acute angle is 20-80 degree.
6. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that also to wrap
Include be arranged on torch body bottom, be arranged in welding direction opposite side MIG welding consumable electrode electrode and nozzle, it is described
Consumable electrode electrode is located at the nozzle interior and has same axis, the consumable electrode electrode and the welding torch master with the nozzle
The central axis arrangement at an acute angle of body, the acute angle is 0-45 degree.
7. it is as claimed in claim 6 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that fusing
The longitudinal axis of pole electrode is D with the distance of torch body center line with workpiece joining, and D is 3-15mm.
8. the application method of welding torch described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that can in the case where the laser beam sources are closed
Individually to carry out plasma-arc welding operation；In the case where plasma source is closed, the plasma electrode slit is adjusted
Width, it is possible to individually carry out LASER BEAM WELDING operation.
9. the application method of welding torch described in a kind of claim 5, it is characterised in that can in the case where the laser beam sources are closed
Operated with individually carrying out plasma-arc welding, plasma-arc filler wire welding；In the case where plasma source is closed, only need
Adjust the width of the plasma electrode slit, it is possible to individually carry out LASER BEAM WELDING, the operation of laser beam filler wire welding.
10. the application method of welding torch described in a kind of claim 6, it is characterised in that close the laser beam sources, close it is described
In the case of plasma source, MIG electric arc welding operations can be individually carried out；Closing the plasma source, the MIG power supplys
In the case of, it is only necessary to adjust the width of the plasma electrode slit, it is possible to individually carry out LASER BEAM WELDING, laser beam
Filler wire welding is operated；If being simply turned off the plasma source, laser beam MIG composite weldings can be carried out；If turned off laser
Electron gun and the MIG power supplys, then can carry out plasma-arc welding, plasma-arc filler wire welding；If being simply turned off laser
Electron gun, then can carry out plasma MIG composite weldings；If being simply turned off MIG power supplys, laser beam plasma Composite can be carried out
Welding, laser beam plasma filler wire welding.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710066985.1A CN106735909A (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2017-02-07 | It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding |
| PCT/CN2018/000064 WO2018145544A1 (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2018-02-05 | Welding torch used for laser beam-plasma arc hybrid welding |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710066985.1A CN106735909A (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2017-02-07 | It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106735909A true CN106735909A (en) | 2017-05-31 |
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| CN201710066985.1A Pending CN106735909A (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2017-02-07 | It is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding |
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| WO (1) | WO2018145544A1 (en) |
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| WO2018145544A1 (en) * | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-16 | 王长春 | Welding torch used for laser beam-plasma arc hybrid welding |
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| CN115781025A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 成都智见复合科技有限公司 | Method and device for three-heat-source composite welding |
| CN116460441A (en) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-07-21 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Additive manufacturing method of aluminum-titanium alloy composite heat source |
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| WO2018145544A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
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Application publication date: 20170531 |