CN206455302U - It is a kind of to be used for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a kind of to be used for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, the cavity passed through with laser beam, there is constricting nozzle welding torch cavity lower end, plasma electrode constitutes a slit above the constricting nozzle of welding torch, part of laser beam is incident on the slit edges of electrode, and part of laser beam focuses on workpiece after then passing through slit.The electrode heated by bombardment with laser beams causes gas ionization, plasma arc is initially formed between electrode and constricting nozzle, the plasma arc sets up plasma arc after being compressed by constricting nozzle between workpiece, through nozzle laser beam focus and with the plasma arc interact, caused plasma arc interacts to form Plasma-Laser electric discharge with laser beam, plasma arc is set further to shrink, with laser beam collective effect, the pad of high-energy-density is formd on workpiece.The device eliminates LASER BEAM WELDING and the defect of Plasma Welding, with the composite heat power supply coupling efficiency higher with electric arc combined welding than conventional laser beam.

Description

It is a kind of to be used for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of welding for metal material, the torch device of coating, exactly, be related to it is sharp The welding torch of light and plasma arc composite welding, and use laser of the present utility model and plasma arc complex welding method.

Background technology

Welding is the processing and manufacturing technology that is most important, can not replacing completely so far in various metal production industries.Weldering Operation is connect to refer to produce high energy density formation molten bath and mobile molten bath on workpiece.Therefore, if Welder can be improved Energy coupling efficiency between tool and workpiece, that is, be incident on the energy density on workpiece, then can obtain significant economic benefit, This depends on material and welding technique used.

One of them be exactly with higher energy coupling density plasma weld, plasma weld refer to by compressed etc. Ionic arc is used as energy source to melt the technology that workpiece is welded, in welding process, parameter in ionized gases formation Plasma arc is compressed, and energy is more concentrated, and the plasma arc of high-energy produces dynamic pressure, and its electric arc can penetrate fused solution Pond, therefore also referred to as " aperture " welding ".What plasma was welded major advantage is to carry out a time, relatively quick material Welding, joint preparation is minimum.In addition, because plasma arc is gathered in " aperture ", reducing the stress in workpiece or change Shape.

Although plasma soldering set there are many important advantages, several serious limitations are still suffered from.Plasma arc Energy density constrains the penetration depth of " aperture ", weldable material thickness and speed of welding.In addition, " aperture " of Plasma Welding It may under some operating conditions collapse, thereby result in weldquality reduction.

In plasma weldering, the energy density being incident on workpiece is the most important parameters to form " aperture ".Plasma is welded " aperture " can be formed in the range of 10 to 250 amperes by connecing electric current, but this also depends on the material and speed of welding of workpiece.Separately Outside, the energy density in the energy density of plasma arc, the hot spot point on incoming workpiece is dependent on the heat-transfer machine in plasma arc Reason.When arc temperature is improved, the radiation heat loss of plasma-arc is principal element, so limits Plasma Welding work The maximum power density of industry, also limit welding more heavy-gauge sheeting or improves the ability of speed of welding.In conventional plasma arc During weldering, for about 200A-250A electric current and about 3-3.5KW plasma power density, radiation heat transfer is main Inducement element, therefore, can not actually obtain higher Plasma Welding power density using prior art, any to be welded by increasing Trial of the torch power consumption to improve power density can all reduce welding efficiency；If the attempt to improving speed of welding, plasma arc can become Obtain unstable, the hot spot on workpiece can fall after torch axis, and this is to cause a cause of poor welding quality.

Laser beam weldering is another to utilize high-energy-density -- the high-efficiency and precision processing that laser beam is welded as thermal source Method.The LASER BEAM WELDING of " aperture " pattern can provide relatively large fusion penetration, compared with other fusion welding methods, LASER BEAM WELDING It is high with energy densityHeat input is few, connector area residual stress and deform small, fusion zone and The advantages of heat affected area is narrow, and fusion penetration is big, seam organization is tiny, joint performance is good.In addition, with（Similarly utilize high-energy Density welding）Electron beam technology is compared, and LASER BEAM WELDING does not need vacuum condition, and protective gas species and pressure limit can be square Just select, laser beam can be directed to inaccessible position by deviation prism or optical fiber and be welded, operation is flexible, It may pass through transparent material and focus on welding etc., laser beam can be controlled flexibly, it is easy to accomplish the three-dimensional automatic welding of workpiece.

Laser beam weldering also has several great restriction conditions.Because weldable material thickness and penetration depth are limited by by coupling It is bonded to the power and thermal of the laser beam of workpiece, therefore the welding effect for being typically only possible by improving laser power improving. Laser beam weldering generally requires large-scale high power gas laser, solid-state laser or diode laser to generate and maintain The pattern of " aperture " welding.

It is well known that metallic plasma is welded to the pressure produced by " aperture " inwall to maintenance " aperture " in welding process The pattern of connecing is very important.But, laser beam can be caused to reflect if plasma density is too high；In fact, plasma Density become too low or too high, can all cause reduce weld job efficiency.In addition, starting as metal on material Laser beam is welded, it is necessary to using higher laser beam power to be formed " aperture ", but the power conversion efficiency of laser beam is all very low 's.

Generally speaking, there is following typical restrictive condition in LASER BEAM WELDING technology：

（1）Need point-device weldment position（In the focusing range of laser beam）, weldment need to use relative complex Clamp tool, to ensure that laser beam hot spot is aligned with the final position of weldment；It is more than for thickness on 19mm workpiece, production line not It is adapted to use laser welding.

（2）For high reflectivity and high conductivity material such as aluminium, copper and its alloy etc., the application of LASER BEAM WELDING is limited System.When carrying out high heat input weld, the performance of LASER BEAM WELDING can be influenceed by plasma.

（3）Energy conversion efficiency is usually less than 10%；Welding bead solidification is fast, may produce stomata and embrittlement.

（4）Equipment is expensive.

In order to eliminate or reduce the defect of LASER BEAM WELDING, on carrying out composite welding using other thermals source and laser beam Research is just had begun in the eighties, and had begun to some commercial Applications now, and such as laser beam and electric arc are answered Welding etc. is closed, is classified according to arrangement, mainly has laser beam to be arranged with electric arc paraxonic（Typical such as laser and consumable electrode gas Protection weldering GMAW or pulse laser and gas metal-arc welding GMAW-P composite weldings）, laser beam and electric arc it is coaxially arranged （Typical such as laser and the electric arc combined welding of TIG）Two major classes.

The characteristics of these technologies is that workpiece surface is directly acted on the energy of laser beam, and with GMAW or TIG electric arcs It is compound, wherein, the high-energy-density of laser beam rises in composite effect, especially in terms of increase fusion penetration, raising welding efficiency Decisive role is arrived.But, because the diameter of GMAW or TIG electric arcs is significantly wider than laser beam, the weldering of composite welding operation Seam surface quality is then decided by GMAW or TIG electric arcs.

Generally speaking, laser beam and electric arc combined it is welded with following significant advantage：

(l) in the presence of electric arc, composite welding reduces the requirement of the assembly precision of play movement, thus can compared with Welding is realized under big play movement.

Add the fusion penetration of weld seam.Electric arc can reach the depths of weld seam under " aperture " pattern of laser beam, secondly, electricity Arc can increase absorptivity of the metal works to laser beam energy, and this is also beneficial to increase welding penetration.

The high density energy that laser beam has shortens the workpiece heated time, reduces heat affected area；Meanwhile, electric arc The setting time in molten bath can be slowed down so that the phase transformation in molten bath can be completed more sufficiently.

" aperture " pattern of laser beam formation has sucking action to electric arc, compresses the root of electric arc, improves arc energy The density of amount.

(5) compared with electric arc is welded, the composite heat power supply of laser beam and electric arc can improve speed of welding, certainly, this In the case of, it is possible to using the laser of smaller power, equipment cost can be reduced.

Although the electric arc combined welding of laser beam has many important advantages, several serious limitations are still suffered from, this makes Many laser beam electric arc hybrid welding technology technologies are obtained so far still in conceptual phase, the laser beam applied in industrial circle Electric arc combined welding technique is also limited only to seldom quantity.

The electric arc combined welding torch of laser beam of paraxonic arrangement is simple in construction, but generally requires larger arrangement space, welds Welding system is also relative complex.There is an angle between laser beam and electric arc, this causes workspace of the composite heat power supply on workpiece Domain is asymmetrical, and the change of arc current is understood momentarily and easily causes the Coupling point of two thermals source to deviate, and this causes The stable difficulty increase of the double thermal source couplings of control；In the mode that paraxonic is arranged, laser beam will reach workpiece surface through electric arc, When arc current is larger, the energy of laser beam can be weakened, this also have impact on the performance of the welding efficiency of this mode, generally adopt Solution can only use more powerful laser.In addition, in practical application, using the laser of paraxonic arrangement The electric arc combined welding technique of beam still needs the accurate weld groove precision of comparison and just can guarantee that high welding quality.

With the utility model is close, some laser beams and electric arc are included using the achievement in research of coaxially arranged mode：

A kind of method of coaxial-symmetrical composite heat power supply, is divided into the symmetrical laser of 2 beams using spectroscope by incident laser Beam, gas metal-arc welding（MIG is welded）Electrode is sent into the middle of dual-beam.Because dual-beam is non-close, MIG electrodes Introducing can avoid beam Propagation path.Focusing system symmetrically focuses on dual-beam before welding wire feeding direction from electrode both sides The same position at end, realizes that laser is coaxial with electric arc in the case where welding wire does not influence beam Propagation.The deficiency that this method is present It is that there is after laser light splitting certain angle with electric arc in itself per beam laser beam, symmetry axis and the arc axis of double laser beam are difficult reality Now overlap, giving for welding wire has a significant impact to the transmission that laser beam reaches workpiece.Close several Xiang Ji with the utility model Light beam is included with electric arc using the achievement in research of coaxially arranged mode：

The laser beam and electric arc that United States Patent (USP) US4,689,466 describes a kind of entitled " laser beam operation process equipment " are same Axle placement technique.That patent describes a kind of laser and electric arc combined welder, wherein laser beam passes through not contracted nozzle Workpiece surface is pooled to, annular non-melt electrode is placed in nozzle end, electric arc is formed between electrode and workpiece surface and is put Electricity, auxiliary gas by the nozzle and is changed into plasma when by electric arc ionization, and plasma can absorb a part The laser energy of reflection and this portion of energy is passed into workpiece surface.In this case, generally lost because of reflection The energy of some laser beams is applied to welding process after being intercepted and captured by plasma, therefore improves processing efficiency.That is, should The coupling efficiency that system is improved is the coupling because plasma has reclaimed the laser reflection energy that a part would generally lose Therefore efficiency be improved.

In the above-described techniques, due to laser beam be with not contracted electric arc interaction, and plasma temperature less than etc. Ion arc temperature, thus the not contracted electric arc of laser beam absorption absorbability be than relatively low, if reducing the power of laser, Coupling efficiency between energy and workpiece that laser beam is produced is not notable.In addition, as it was previously stated, material surface to be welded reaches it Metal vapors plumage can be produced during boiling temperature, still to laser beam occlusion effect can occur for the steam plumage；When relatively low using power During laser, electric arc dynamic pressure may be not enough to start " aperture " mode of operation.

Compare similar therewith, be that one kind uses hollow tungsten electrode（Non-melt electrode）The electric arc of formation is with laser beam as multiple Close the technology of welding heat source, i.e., so-called laser beam and TIG composite welding apparatus.Produced between the tip of hollow tungsten electrode and workpiece Raw plasma-arc is not compressed, and laser beam reaches workpiece surface from tungsten electrode center through cyclic arc, and it is combined Principle is as shown in drawings.During composite welding, because laser beam is passed through from arc center, thus without welding direction Problem, this is particularly suitable for the welding of 3 d part.Although the welding torch that regulation is coaxially combined does not have the compound welding torch of paraxonic It is so complicated, but distance all welding qualities of the size in tungsten electrode aperture, tungsten electrode tip and workpiece have large effect, and The scaling loss at tungsten electrode tip can have a strong impact on the shape of cyclic arc, influence the stability and weld shape of welding process.

With the utility model it is close, using laser beam and compression plasma-arc be compound, technology that is having announced also Including described in United States Patent (USP) US5,705,785 and US6,388,227.These technological incorporation laser beam welding torch and plasma arc welding (PAW) The welding technique that the plasma-arc that the characteristics of torch is all laser beam and is compressed is combined.

For example, United States Patent (USP) US5,705,785 describe a kind of non-melt electrode of conical form, and welding torch remainder is just As standard plasma arc torch.Wherein, the diameter of conical electrode is less than spot diameter when laser beam is passed through from center, Laser beam is set partly to be radiated on the electrode of cone.When conical electrode is heated by bombardment with laser beams, protective gas It is ionized and forms plasma arc.Laser beam is focused on workpiece after nozzle, and the grade between electrode and workpiece from Subarc interacts, and plasma-laser discharge is formd, so as to improve the energy density in workpiece solder joint.

The laser beam electric arc combined welding technique coaxially arranged compared to foregoing items, the technology are because used what is compressed Plasma-arc, part of laser beam carries out radiant heating to electrode, and electric current is caused with electrode by the resultant effect of laser beam heats Electron emission, forms plasma gas, and plasma gas is compressed, ionized and then forms plasma arc, laser beam edge It axially interacts with plasma arc, forms the compound electric discharge of laser plasma, therefore improve laser beam and plasma-arc Coupling efficiency.But it is significantly limited in that, the reliability of conical electrode is relatively low, and this electrode is more complicated, production The cost of manufacture is high, and electrode is possible to the molten metal splash pollution during being soldered；Simultaneously as electrode structure Complexity, the manufacture of coaxially arranged laser beam Yu electric arc combined welding torch is complicated, it is difficult to form standardization.

On the basis of above-mentioned technology, United States Patent (USP) US6,388,227 propose a kind of improvement project：By overall circular cone The electrode of form is changed to be combined by pole tungsten electrode of 2 radicles with spherical regenerator, the center line and laser beam of pole tungsten electrode Center line formation one Ge Rui circle, and apart from laser beam center line distance be less than laser beam radius.This technical scheme Improvements, be overall annular electrode being demarcated as compound electrode.Meanwhile, the technical scheme proposes a kind of by end The positive and negative electrode of portion's spherical heat storage realizes the concept of pulse plasma electric arc and pulse laser beam matching, it is therefore an objective to reduction gold Belong to absorption of the steam plumage to laser beam energy.

This technical scheme is attempted to generally solve many defects of conventional technical scheme as far as possible, but is limited at that time Technology status, improved effect is difficult ideally to realize, hybrid welding torch mechanism is still very complicated and costliness, or even can not almost weigh Duplication is made.Its limitation is also resided in, and it is light that the improvement that the program is done for the plasma power supply of alternating polarity is only applicable to some Metal is welded；The manufacture of round bar shape compound electrode with spherical regenerator, installation accuracy require very high, and electrode is changed difficult.

It is clear that working as on the basis of above-mentioned all electric arc combined technical schemes of multi-laser beam, it is necessary to further overcome The above-mentioned restriction condition and limitation of preceding laser beam plasma welding torch, while adapting to the welding needs of current various new material.

In addition, for most of users, due to the complexity of condition of work, need not must not use in many cases Different welding manners works to complete a complete welding procedure, such as when welded seam bottom and top.It is logical Welding torch in the case of often can be only done a weld job, and this causes welding operation to become complicated, and user needs to buy multiple welderings Torch and also take more time to change welding torch, have impact on welding efficiency.

Utility model content

For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of for laser beam and plasma arc The welding torch and its application method of composite welding, can be same realizing laser beam plasma on welding torch by the utility model The composite weldings such as composite welding, laser beam plasma Composite filler wire welding, laser beam plasma MIG composite weldings are operated, and also may be used To complete the welding operations such as wire filling laser welding, laser MIG composite weldings, plasma MIG composite weldings, it can also be individually done LASER BEAM WELDING, plasma（Fill silk or do not fill silk）Welding, MIG welding.

To reach above-mentioned purpose, the utility model employs following technical scheme：

A kind of to be used for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, the welding torch includes：

A) torch body, torch body has input, output end and hollow interior between input and output end Chamber, laser beam is projected from input is incident from output end；

B) be arranged on the insulating bushing of torch body output end, insulating bushing bottom be provided with torch body it is same in Heart axis, the perforate passed through for laser beam；

C) the protection nozzle for being arranged on the constricting nozzle of insulating bushing output end and being enclosed in outside constricting nozzle；Compression spray Mouth has the through hole and cutting plane centered on torch body central axis, and the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is in torch body Heart axis；

d）Two plasma electrodes of insulating bushing both sides are arranged on, two plasma electrodes are on the through hole of constricting nozzle Square into slit, slit center line is consistent with welding direction, and torch body central axis passes through slit center, and slit width is less than The laser beam passes through the diameter during slit.

Further, the longitudinal axis of each plasma electrode and the torch body central axis form one towards Welder The acute angle of part, the acute angle is between 2-89 degree.

Further, the slit width is 0.1-1.5mm, the distance of the cutting plane of constricting nozzle described in the slot distances In 1-5mm.

Input has protective gas, protection nozzle and constricting nozzle in region between constricting nozzle and the plasma electrode Between input have protective gas.

Further, the welding torch also includes the wire-feeding pipe for being arranged on torch body bottom, and wire-feeding pipe is arranged on along welding side To opposite side, the longitudinal axis of the wire-feeding pipe and the torch body center line are at an acute angle and intersect at the pad of workpiece On, the acute angle is 20-80 degree.

Further, in addition to it is arranged on torch body bottom, is arranged in the MIG welding of welding direction opposite side Consumable electrode electrode and nozzle, the consumable electrode electrode are located at the nozzle interior and have same axis with the nozzle, described The central axis arrangement at an acute angle of consumable electrode electrode and the torch body, the acute angle is 0-45 degree.

The longitudinal axis of consumable electrode electrode is D with workpiece joining and the distance of torch body center line, and D is 3-15mm.

The technique effect that the utility model has：

（1）, the utility model provide it is a kind of by laser beam and the method for plasma arc composite welding compressed and weldering Torch, its most important effect includes：The plasma electric of the higher energy density formed under the double action of laser beam and electric current Arc, is coupled in workpiece surface with laser beam, therefore can obtain be combined higher than conventional laser beam and electric arc combined welding Thermal source coupling efficiency.The utility model realizes that the method for above-mentioned mechanism is to use a kind of compound electrode with slit, using this Manufacture, installation, the relatively easy composite welding welding torch of operation, the utility model is there is provided a kind of cost is lower, can obtain The LASER BEAM WELDING ability and efficiency of similar higher-wattage, while eliminating the welding method of some laser welding defects, simultaneously A kind of more efficient plasma welding method is also provided, the limitations of some Plasma Weldings are not only eliminated, and The quality and efficiency close to LASER BEAM WELDING can be obtained.

（2）, using the utility model, make it possible that laser beam plasma arc is combined filler wire welding.This laser beam etc. Ion arc is combined the application that welding with filler wire method greatly extends Plasma Welding, can obtain close to laser beam weldering The ability and efficiency connect, while being conducive to improving the performance of weld seam and joint, is suitable for welding various steel and non-ferrous metal, welds The thickness range for connecing workpiece is also expanded.

（3）, the utility model additionally provide a kind of laser beam plasma arc and be combined MIG welding methods, compared with prior art, The utility model eliminates the defect of some prior arts, can complete efficient welding with the laser of smaller power and make Industry, advantageously reduces the equipment cost of the electric arc combined welding system of laser beam.Simultaneously as with than conventional plasma-arc Higher thermal source coupling efficiency, this laser beam plasma arc is combined MIG welding methods and is very suitable for cut deal high-strength steel Welding, welding quality is better than prior art.

（4）, another important effect of the present utility model, be a simplified hybrid welding torch electrode structure, be easy to manufacture, pacify Dress and operation, including change electrode.The utility model is adapted to use newest laser technique and plasma electric source technology, welding torch Size may further be reduced, this will easily facilitate welding procedure, and advantageously reduce the cost of hybrid welding torch.

（5）, another important effect of the present utility model, be that welding torch has multinomial welding function, can individually transport The operation of row a certain kind welding method, can also individually run the operation of a certain complex welding method, and this can be significantly simple Change the welding operation to a certain specific workpiece, it is not necessary to welding torch is adjusted or seldom adjustment is only needed, it is possible to adopted Complicated welding job is completed with different welding methods.This is highly significant for automatic welding production line.

Brief description of the drawings

The utility model is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：

Fig. 1 is the laser beam and plasma arc hybrid welding torch described in the utility model embodiment 1.

Fig. 2 is the laser beam and the compound welding torch that fills silk of plasma arc described in the utility model embodiment 2.

Fig. 3 is the laser beam plasma arc and MIG hybrid welding torch described in the utility model embodiment 3.

Embodiment

Explanation and embodiment are further described to the utility model below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：

Embodiment 1

Welding torch 100 of the present utility model includes torch body 110, and it has central axis 111 and cavity 113.In welding torch There is optical system on one end of main body 110, it includes lens 112.Lens 112 are used to focus on incoming laser beam 114, so that light beam 114 is conllinear with the central axis 111 of torch body 110 and be focused in being located at a focus FP outside welding torch 100.

In Fig. 1, torch body 110 includes 2（Or 1, or 4 electrodes and positioned opposite two-by-two）The He of electrode 130 230th, there are cone and the arranged concentric of constricting nozzle 120 protection nozzle, compression outside constricting nozzle 120, constricting nozzle Inside and outside nozzle 120（Between constricting nozzle 120 and protection nozzle）All it is passed through protective gas.Laser beam 114 is constituted in 2 electrodes There is certain radius r1 at slit, there is certain radius r2 in the tapping of constricting nozzle 120.

The insulating bushing 160 made by electrically insulating material is arranged on the output end of torch body 110.Insulating bushing 160 has It is promising by the perforate of laser beam 114 and the cavity for laying electrode 130,230.

It is individual（Or 1, or 4 positioned opposite two-by-two）Electrode 130 and 230 constitutes one on the perforate top of constricting nozzle 120 Individual slit, the width of slit is d, 2（Or 1, or 4 positioned opposite two-by-two）The lower surface Range compress of electrode 130 and 230 The distance of the perforate upper surface of nozzle 120 is h.

The lower cutting plane of the far-end of constricting nozzle 120 has radius R perpendicular to central axis 111, its through hole, the radius R is more than the radius r2 that laser beam is located at the tapping of constricting nozzle 120.Radius R scope preferably in 0.5mm between 5mm, no Laser beam 114 should be stopped by constricting nozzle.

According to the experimental test of utility model people, it is narrow that electrode 130 and 230 is constituted on the perforate top of constricting nozzle 120 Slit width degree d scopes can be in 0.1mm between 1.5mm；The perforate upper surface distance of Range compress nozzle 120 can be in 1mm for h scopes To between 5mm；Radius r1 scope of the laser beam 114 at the slit that 2 electrodes are constituted can be in 0.1mm between 1.5mm, radius R1 numerical value should be greater than the width d of electrode narrow slit half, therefore part of laser beam can incide the edge of electrode narrow slit, best Effect be ensure laser beam incided on this section between the enough ignitors of heat and constricting nozzle on electrode etc. Ion arc, while being easy to electrode to install.At least one electrode line can be moved back and forth along its longitudinal axis, so be conveniently adjusted 2 electrode tips The slit width in portion.

The longitudinal axis 131,231 of two electrodes 130,230 near the cutting plane of constricting nozzle 120 with central axis 111 It is intersecting.One acute angle A towards main body 110 of the longitudinal axis 132,232 of electrode 130,230 and the formation of central axis 111.Acute angle A Scope be most preferably 2^。To 89^。Between, best effects are that guarantee section laser beam is incident on electrode tip and ignited enough Plasma arc between electrode and constricting nozzle, while being easy to electrode to install, welding torch size will not be made excessively heavy.

It is usually to set up electric current between electrode 230 and workpiece 180 to run welding torch 100 of the present utility model.By outer The laser beam 114 that lasing light emitter (not shown) is provided collinearly is propagated through central axis 111 of the lens 112 along main body 110.Compression spray The directing plasma flow of mouth 120, it is conllinear with central axis 111 and laser beam 114, therefore is formed on the surface of workpiece 180 High-energy-density spot, i.e., the energy in the region of very small range with the high aggregation from welding torch 100.Laser beam 114 Propagated along the central axis 111 of torch body 110, electrode 130,230 is heated by part of laser beam 114 and between constricting nozzle Cavity in form plasma arc, the plasma arc compressed is then set up between constricting nozzle 120 and workpiece 180；Swash Light beam 114 is focused at the focus FP outside torch body 110, shape in the region between welding main body 110 and workpiece 180 Into the plasma arcs compressed interacted with the laser beam 114 through constricting nozzle 120 and produce more high shrinkage Plasma arcs, it has very high energy density and is passed to workpiece 180.

The width d for the electrode narrow slit that electrode 130,230 is constituted is less than the diameter of laser beam 114（2 x r1）.Using so Geometric configuration, the slit edges region that a part of laser beam 114 is constituted by electrode 130,230 absorbs, and which results in electricity The end-heating of pole 130,230, thus strengthens electron emission, and the chamber between electrode 130 and 230 and constricting nozzle 120 Plasma arc is set up, so as to complete laser striking.

The plasma-arc formed between electrode and constricting nozzle 120 is after the compression of nozzle 120, with laser beam 114 Interaction forms the compound electric discharge of laser plasma, the plasma arc of high-energy is set up between workpiece 180, and directly act on On workpiece 180.For single laser beam or plasma-arc, the utility model welding torch improves the table of workpiece 180 The energy density in face, and then improve coupling efficiency.

When laser beam 114 injects workpiece 180, the surface of workpiece 180 gasifies to form surface plasma jet.Due to surface The ionization potential of jet is less than the ionization potential of general nozzle and protective gas, enhances the plasma above LASER SPECKLE Body electric conductivity, makes plasma arc further shrink, therefore improves energy density and coupling efficiency at workpiece 180.

Composite laser and plasma arc interaction also have the additional effect for shrinking simultaneously stabilized plasma arc.With routine Plasma-arc compare, in the case of by the additional heating of part of laser beam, there is bigger volume to be near eletrode tip High temperature, therefore improve the current density in plasma.In addition, when laser beam 114 is inhaled with Plasma Interaction and by it In the time receiving, also it is enhanced along the plasma temperature and current density of laser beam axis.

The Main physical effect occurred between laser beam 114 and plasma arc in enhanced interaction include 1. etc. from Subarc, which shrinks, produces higher energy density；2. the heat-affected zone reduced on workpiece 180 or hot spot point；3. plasma is improved Temperature；4. plasma arc stability is improved；5. energy consumption is reduced.Total net effect is that higher energy is produced on workpiece 180 is close Spot is spent, laser beam is more efficiently coupled and is transferred on workpiece 180 with electric arc combined energy.

It is well known that forming open-work as the black flour spoke of laser beam 114 by plasma arc or plasma jet Beam, thereby enhances absorption of the workpiece 180 to the energy of laser beam 114.

In addition, the utility model also adopts some ripe technical schemes, for example, applied in the cathode surface that tungsten metal is manufactured The metal oxide of such as thorium, lanthanum and zirconium is covered, the service life of tungsten electrode can be improved.According to the utility model, due to electrode quilt Laser beam heats so that electrode hot spot size increases, and this just alleviates the peak temperature of electrode spot, therefore can significantly extend electricity Pole service life.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Fig. 2 on the basis of embodiment 1, welding torch 100 further comprises sending for laser beam plasma landfilling area Fiber tube 330, the arrangement at an acute angle of central axis 111 of the wire-feeding pipe 330 and torch body 100, and it is arranged in the edge weldering of welding torch 100 The opposite side in direction is connect, the scope of acute angle is most preferably 20 between wire-feeding pipe 330 and the central axis 111 of torch body 100 Spend between 80 degree, best effects are to ensure that welding wire intersects with plasma arc in the upper surface of workpiece 180, while will not make welding torch chi It is very little excessively heavy.The longitudinal axis 332 of wire-feeding pipe 330 intersects at the upper surface of workpiece 180 with the center line 111 of torch body.

Embodiment 3

As shown in figure 3, on the basis of embodiment 1, welding torch 100 further comprises connects use for laser beam plasma MIG welding Consumable electrode electrodes conduct mouth 430, wire-feeding pipe 431 and protection air-casing 432, ignition tip 430 be located at protection air-casing 432 inside and with 432 is concentric；The arrangement at an acute angle of central axis 111 of the ignition tip 430 and torch body 100, the acute angle spends scope 0 to 60 It is interior, and it is arranged in the opposite side along welding direction of welding torch 100, the center line 111 of its longitudinal axis 432 and torch body 110 Intersect under the upper surface of workpiece 180, and be D in the distance of the intersection point of the upper surface of workpiece 180 with welding torch center line 111；D is determined Justice is electric arc impact point and non-melt electrode of the melt pole electrical arc on the surface of workpiece 180（130,230）Plasma-arc punching Hit the distance between a little, the scope apart from D is in 3 to 15mm, and this can be adjusted apart from D according to different welding parameters.

For person of ordinary skill in the field, with the development of technology, the utility model design can be different Mode is realized.Embodiment of the present utility model is not limited in embodiments described above, and can claim model It is changed in enclosing.And should be understood that wording used herein and term are, for explanation, and to be not considered as Restricted.Therefore, answered referring to the drawings with appended explanation to more fully understand according to laser of the present utility model and plasma arc Close building block, operation and the implementation of welding torch.It should be noted that the utility model schematic diagram shown here is served only for demonstration Property purpose, and it is restricted to be not intended to.

Claims (7)

1. it is a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that the welding torch includes：

A) torch body, torch body has input, output end and the hollow cavity between input and output end, swashs Light beam is projected from input is incident from output end；

B) it is arranged on the insulating bushing of torch body output end, insulating bushing bottom and is provided with and the same central shaft of torch body Line, the perforate passed through for laser beam；

C) the protection nozzle for being arranged on the constricting nozzle of insulating bushing output end and being enclosed in outside constricting nozzle；Constricting nozzle has There are the through hole and cutting plane centered on torch body central axis, the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is perpendicular to torch body central shaft Line；

d）Two plasma electrodes of insulating bushing both sides are arranged on, two plasma electrodes are square on the through hole of constricting nozzle Into slit, slit center line is consistent with welding direction, and torch body central axis passes through slit center, and slit width is less than described Laser beam passes through the diameter during slit.

2. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that each The longitudinal axis of plasma electrode and the torch body central axis one acute angle towards welding workpiece of formation, the acute angle is in 2- Between 89 degree.

3. it is as claimed in claim 2 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that described Slit width is 0.1-1.5mm, and the distance of the cutting plane of constricting nozzle is in 1-5mm described in the slot distances.

4. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that compression Input has protective gas in region between nozzle and the plasma electrode, and input has guarantor between protection nozzle and constricting nozzle Protect gas.

5. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that also to wrap Include the wire-feeding pipe for being arranged on torch body bottom, wire-feeding pipe is arranged on the opposite side along welding direction, the wire-feeding pipe it is vertical Axis and the torch body center line are at an acute angle and intersect on the pad of workpiece, and the acute angle is 20-80 degree.

6. it is as claimed in claim 1 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that also to wrap Include be arranged on torch body bottom, be arranged in welding direction opposite side MIG welding consumable electrode electrode and nozzle, it is described Consumable electrode electrode is located at the nozzle interior and has same axis, the consumable electrode electrode and the welding torch master with the nozzle The central axis of body arrangement at an acute angle, the acute angle is 0-45 degree.

7. it is as claimed in claim 6 a kind of for laser beam and the welding torch of plasma arc composite welding, it is characterised in that fusing The longitudinal axis of pole electrode is D with workpiece joining and the distance of torch body center line, and D is 3-15mm.