CN108788471A - Big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method and its welder - Google Patents
Big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method and its welder Download PDFInfo
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- CN108788471A CN108788471A CN201810577074.XA CN201810577074A CN108788471A CN 108788471 A CN108788471 A CN 108788471A CN 201810577074 A CN201810577074 A CN 201810577074A CN 108788471 A CN108788471 A CN 108788471A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method and its welders; the complex welding method is included under protective gas protection; the electric arc collective effect that laser beam and arc-welding equipment that laser welding apparatus generates generate is welded in a welding pool; the laser beam that the laser welding apparatus generates is vibratory laser beam, and the welding gun of the arc-welding equipment is narrow gap arc welding rifle；During laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, vibratory laser beam and electric arc are compound inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot, using laser to the sucking action of electric arc, it is swung inside Narrow sloping-glot by vibratory laser beam pilot arc so that two heat sources of vibratory laser beam and electric arc act on a welding pool simultaneously and welded.This method realizes the electric arc combined welding of vibratory laser-in big slab Narrow sloping-glot in such a way that vibratory laser beam is coupled with electric arc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method and its welders, belong to
Laser processing, welding technology field.
Background technology
Big slab is usually used in the welding manufacture of the large thick-walls structure such as naval vessel, nuclear power, pressure vessel, if plate thickness is 60mm
The big thick plate structure of the huge vacuum chambers of stainless steel ITER, thickness be more than 70mm the military phased-array radar substrate of aluminium alloy, nuclear power
316LN stainless steel major loop pipeline of the field wall thickness more than 30mm and wall thickness are more than the petroleum and natural gas transport pipeline of 15mm
Deng.Currently, the use of relatively broad welding method is electro-gas (enclosed) welding, submerged-arc welding etc., but there are the heat inputs excessive, weldering of these methods
The deficiencies of seam crystal particle is coarse, welding position is poor for applicability.
Narrow gap arc welding is a kind of efficient welding technique, and groove gap is generally less than base material plate thickness (according to Japan
Definition of the pressure vessel committee to narrow gap welding：When plate thickness is less than 200mm, groove gap should be not more than 20mm；Plate thickness is super
When crossing 200mm, groove gap is not more than 30mm), the general U-shaped or I type grooves for using small―gap suture compare traditional welding method
It has the advantages such as welding efficiency is high, thermal weld stress is small, saving wlding when welding slab.But electric arc is in Narrow sloping-glot
In stability and the side wall incomplete fusion of weld seam be that narrow gap arc welding needs the problem that overcomes, generally use rotating the arc,
The mode of swing arc and Double Wire Welding solves, these methods propose the Machine Design and control of arc welding system higher
Requirement.
Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding makes two kinds of heat sources give full play to respectively by the way that high energy laser beam to be added in electric arc welding
The characteristics of, obtain better than single Laser Welding and arc welding welding effect, as bridging capability is strong, residual stresses and deformations are small,
Quality of weld joint height etc..In addition in the electric arc combined weldering of conventional laser-, the relative position of laser beam and electric arc remains unchanged,
The attraction to electric arc and compression using laser, to obtain more stable welding process.Existing research uses narrow gap laser
The multi-layer multi-pass welding of optical-electronic arc Combined Welding completion heavy-plate joint, but the sidewall fusion of Narrow sloping-glot and welding point
Quality still need to further increase, especially for this material for being susceptible to the weld defects such as stomata, crackle of aluminium alloy.Cause
It is compound to solve narrow gap laser-electric arc there is an urgent need for proposing a kind of new big slab narrow gap laser-electric arc complex welding method for this
It is welded in the above problem occurred in big thick plates.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is the shortcomings that overcoming existing narrow gap Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding, using vibratory laser beam
The mode coupled with electric arc realizes the electric arc combined welding of vibratory laser-in big slab Narrow sloping-glot.Pass through the vibration of laser
The relative position of laser and electric arc during change composite welding, and pilot arc is swung in Narrow sloping-glot, to solve to weld
The sidewall fusion problem of seam, and improve the welding quality of connector.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention provides firstly a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc combined welding side
Method is included under protective gas protection, and the electric arc that laser beam and arc-welding equipment that laser welding apparatus generates generate is total to
Same-action is welded in a welding pool, the laser welding apparatus include laser, laser head and connecting laser with
The optical fiber of laser head；The arc-welding equipment includes arc welder, wire feeder, protection gas cylinder, arc welding gun；Its feature
It is：The laser beam that the laser welding apparatus generates is vibratory laser beam, and the welding gun of the arc-welding equipment is narrow gap electricity
Arc welding torch；During laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, vibratory laser beam and electric arc are compound inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot,
Using laser to the sucking action of electric arc, is swung, made inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot by vibratory laser beam pilot arc
It obtains two heat sources of vibratory laser beam and electric arc while acting on a welding pool and welded.
The vibratory laser beam can be linear oscillator laser beam, and specific mode of vibration is：Using weld seam as symmetrical centre,
Laser carries out linear oscillator by the frequency of setting along perpendicular to the direction of welding.Such mode of vibration is suitable for having sidewall fusion
It is required that material and connector.
The vibratory laser beam may be circular vibration laser beam, and specific mode of vibration is：Laser is by the frequency set
Rate edge is vibrated by the circular trace of symmetrical centre of weld seam.Such mode of vibration is suitable for requiring sidewall fusion, and
It is easy to generate the material and connector of the weld defects such as stomata, crackle.
The mode of vibration of vibratory laser beam is selected according to the specific material of weldment and welding requirements.
Further, the concrete mode of vibratory laser beam generation of the present invention is：The laser welding apparatus further includes shaking
Dynamic driver, vibratory driver drive laser head interior lens mechanical oscillation, and the mechanical oscillation of laser head interior lens, which drive, to swash
The laser vibrometer that light device generates forms vibratory laser beam.
Further, the vibration frequency of vibratory laser beam of the present invention is 50~100Hz.
Further, of the present invention during laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, monitor weldering in real time by real-time monitoring device
Situation is connect, laser welding apparatus adjusts the mode of vibration of the vibratory laser beam generated, vibration according to the welding situation monitored in real time
Amplitude and vibration frequency；Arc-welding equipment adjusts welding current, weldingvoltage according to the welding situation monitored in real time.
Further, real-time monitoring device of the present invention includes the high-speed camera of real-time observation welding situation, the weldering
Connect the form and position, the effect of electric arc and side wall, the flowing of welding pool and droplet transfer situation that situation includes welding arc.
The inventive principle and advantageous effect of the method for the present invention be：
The present invention is multiple inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot by certain types of vibratory laser beam and narrow gap arc welding rifle
It closes, two heat sources act on a welding pool and complete to weld simultaneously.Welding direction can be that laser pre-amplifier guides, can also
For the preposition guiding of electric arc.Using laser to the sucking action of electric arc, pilot arc is swung inside Narrow sloping-glot, improves weld seam
Sidewall fusion effect, while accelerating the discharge of bubble in molten bath and homogenizing molten bath Elemental redistribution, improve weld quality.
Specifically advantageous effect is：
One, by the addition of vibratory laser, change the phase of laser and electric arc during narrow gap laser-arc hybrid welding in industry
To position, and using laser to the sucking action of electric arc, pilot arc is swung in Narrow sloping-glot, to solve the side wall of weld seam
Fusion problem.
Two, by selecting the vibratory laser of different vibration forms, narrow gap Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding molten bath is stirred
It mixes, accelerate the discharge of bubble in molten bath and homogenizes molten bath Elemental redistribution, improve the welding quality of connector.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention additionally provides a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc combined welding dress
It sets, including laser welding apparatus and arc-welding equipment, is structurally characterized in that：The laser welding apparatus includes laser, shakes
Dynamic driver and the laser head being connected by optical fiber with laser, vibratory driver, by driving line to be connected, can drive with laser head
Dynamic laser head interior lens vibration；The welding gun of the arc-welding equipment is narrow gap arc welding rifle.
Further, the welder further includes real-time monitoring device and control centre；The real-time monitoring device includes
The high-speed camera of the situation of observation welding in real time；The welding situation of observation is transferred to control centre by high-speed camera, in control
The vibratory driver and arc-welding equipment of the heart and laser welding apparatus communicate to connect.
Further, the form and position, electric arc and side that situation includes welding arc are welded described in welder of the present invention
The effect of wall, the flowing of welding pool and droplet transfer situation.
The advantageous effect of apparatus of the present invention is：
One, apparatus of the present invention are compound in Narrow sloping-glot by vibratory laser and electric arc, utilize laser aiming, control electric arc
Swing in Narrow sloping-glot, and by monitoring, feeding back welding situation in real time, be precisely controlled big slab narrow gap vibration and swash
Optical-electronic arc composite welding process, is conducive to the welding quality for improving big heavy-plate joint.
Two, apparatus of the present invention are by driving vibrator and laser head synergy realization vibratory laser beam, and by with it is narrow
Gap welding gun cooperation, realizes the composite welding of vibratory laser beam and electric arc, the at low cost and welding effect of equipment is good, is conducive to industry
Upper large-scale application.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the whole three-dimensional structure of the big slab narrow gap vibratory laser of the embodiment of the present invention-electric arc combined welder
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the perspective of the big slab narrow gap vibratory laser of the embodiment of the present invention-electric arc combined welder welding portion
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the theory structure schematic diagram of arc-welding equipment.
Fig. 4 is the linear oscillator laser of the big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method of the embodiment of the present invention
Beam schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the circular vibration laser of the big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method of the embodiment of the present invention
Beam schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is to solve weld seam sidewall fusion existing in the prior art and quality of weld joint not good enough (such as stomata is split
Line defect etc.) the problem of, provide a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method and its welder.
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment one
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shows a kind of specific implementation mode of composite welding apparatus of the present invention is：A kind of big slab narrow gap
The electric arc combined welder of vibratory laser-, including laser welding apparatus and arc-welding equipment, are structurally characterized in that：It is described to swash
Photocoagulation equipment includes laser 10, the laser head 11 being connected by optical fiber 13 with laser 10 and vibratory driver 14, vibration
Driver 14, by driving line 15 to be connected, can drive 11 interior lens of laser head to vibrate, vibratory driver 14 drives with laser head 11
The drive signal of dynamic laser head 11 interior lens vibration is transmitted via driving line 15；The welding gun 21 of the arc-welding equipment is narrow
Gap arc welding gun, welding wire are sent into Narrow sloping-glot bottom and the electric arc that ignites by narrow gap arc welding rifle 21 and ignition tip 23
22。
The welder further includes real-time monitoring device and control centre 40；The real-time monitoring device includes seeing in real time
Survey the high-speed camera of welding situation；There are two high-speed cameras, high-speed camera 31 and high-speed camera 32, high-speed camera
31 flowing and the droplet transfer situation for observing welding pool, high-speed camera 32 are used to observe form and the position of welding arc
It sets, the operative condition of droplet transfer and electric arc and side wall；The welding situation of observation is passed through 41 He of data line by high-speed camera
Data line 42 is transferred to control centre 40, and control centre 40 is logical by the vibratory driver 14 of control line 44 and laser welding apparatus
Letter connection adjusts eyeglass in laser head 12 according to the welding situation control vibratory driver 14 monitored in real time and vibrates, to adjust
Mode of vibration, Oscillation Amplitude and the vibration frequency of the vibratory laser beam 12 of generation；Control centre 40 passes through control line 43 and electric arc
The arc welder and wire feeder of welding equipment communicate to connect, and arc-welding equipment is controlled according to the welding situation monitored in real time
Arc welder adjusts welding current, weldingvoltage, and the wire feeder for controlling arc-welding equipment adjusts wire feed rate.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,50 represent narrow gap welding test specimen, and 51 represent weld seam, and 20 represent the arc welding of arc-welding equipment
The set such as machine, wire feeder, protection gas cylinder, simplify, are only used for illustrating herein, and Fig. 2 only shows welding portion arrangement schematic diagram, saves
Slightly in part, vibratory driver 14, the control such as laser 10, the arc welder of arc-welding equipment, wire feeder, protection gas cylinder
The parts such as the heart 40.
Fig. 3 is the principle assumption diagram that conventional arc welds equipment, and in figure, 29 be arc welder, and 30 be cable, and 24 be wire feed
Mechanism, 25 are rolled up for welding wire, and 26 be welding wire, and 27 be protection gas cylinder, and 28 be air duct.Welding gun 21 in Fig. 3 is ordinary arc weldering
Rifle, the present invention in arc welding gun 21 be narrow gap arc welding rifle, so in the present invention in 23 structure of arc welding gun 21 and ignition tip
It is different.
Embodiment two
A kind of specific implementation mode of complex welding method of the present invention is：A kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc
Complex welding method is included under protective gas protection, and the laser beam and arc-welding equipment that laser welding apparatus is generated produce
Raw 22 collective effect of electric arc is welded in a welding pool, its main feature is that：The laser that the laser welding apparatus generates
Beam is vibratory laser beam 12, and the welding gun 21 of the arc-welding equipment is narrow gap arc welding rifle；In laser-arc hybrid welding in industry
In the process, vibratory laser beam 12 and electric arc 22 are compound inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot, are made to the attraction of electric arc using laser
With being swung inside Narrow sloping-glot by 12 pilot arc 22 of vibratory laser beam so that 22 liang of vibratory laser beam 12 and electric arc
A heat source acts on a welding pool and is welded simultaneously.
Fig. 4 shows that a kind of mode of vibration of vibratory laser beam 12 of the present invention, i.e. linear oscillator laser beam are specific to vibrate
Mode is：Using weld seam as symmetrical centre, laser carries out linear oscillator by the frequency of setting along perpendicular to the direction of welding.Such as Fig. 4
Shown, the position of vibratory laser beam 12 is on welding piece surface, by the frequency of setting along the direction Y-direction perpendicular to welding
Carry out linear oscillator.The material and connector that such mode of vibration is suitable for requiring sidewall fusion.
Fig. 5 shows that a kind of mode of vibration of vibratory laser beam 12 of the present invention, i.e. circular vibration laser beam are specific to vibrate
Mode is：Laser is vibrated by the frequency edge set by the circular trace of symmetrical centre of weld seam.As shown in figure 5, vibration swashs
The position of light beam 12 shakes by the frequency edge set by the circular trace of symmetrical centre of weld seam on welding piece surface
It is dynamic.Such mode of vibration is suitable for requiring sidewall fusion, and is easy to generate the materials of weld defects such as stomata, crackle and connect
Head.
The method of the present invention vibratory laser beam 12 generate concrete mode be：The laser welding apparatus further includes vibratory drive
Device 14, vibratory driver 14 drive 11 interior lens mechanical oscillation of laser head, the mechanical oscillation of 11 interior lens of laser head to drive
The laser vibrometer that laser 10 generates forms vibratory laser beam 12.
The vibration frequency of the method for the present invention vibratory laser beam 12 is 50~100Hz.The power of vibratory laser beam 12 is generally 1
~10kW.
During the method for the present invention is in laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, welding is monitored in real time by real-time monitoring device
Situation, laser welding apparatus adjust the mode of vibration of the vibratory laser beam 12 generated, vibration according to the welding situation monitored in real time
Amplitude and vibration frequency；Arc-welding equipment adjusts welding current, weldingvoltage according to the welding situation monitored in real time.The reality
When monitoring device include real-time observation welding situation high-speed camera, the welding situation includes form and the position of welding arc
Set, the effect of electric arc and side wall, the flowing of welding pool and droplet transfer situation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method is included under protective gas protection, by Laser Welding
Electric arc (22) collective effect of the laser beam and arc-welding equipment generation that connect equipment generation is welded in a welding pool,
It is characterized in that：The laser beam that the laser welding apparatus generates is vibratory laser beam (12), the weldering of the arc-welding equipment
Rifle (21) is narrow gap arc welding rifle；During laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, vibrations laser beam (12) and electric arc (22) are big
It is compound inside slab Narrow sloping-glot, using laser to the sucking action of electric arc, by shaking laser beam (12) pilot arc
(22) it is swung inside big slab Narrow sloping-glot so that (22) two heat sources of vibratory laser beam (12) and electric arc act on simultaneously
One welding pool is welded.
2. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The vibratory laser beam (12) is linear oscillator laser beam, and specific mode of vibration is：Using weld seam as symmetrical centre, laser
By the frequency of setting linear oscillator is carried out along perpendicular to the direction of welding.
3. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The vibratory laser beam (12) is circular vibration laser beam, and specific mode of vibration is：Laser is by the frequency of setting along to weld
Seam is that the circular trace of symmetrical centre is vibrated.
4. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The concrete mode that the vibratory laser beam (12) generates is：The laser welding apparatus further includes vibratory driver (14), is shaken
Dynamic driver (14) drives laser head (11) interior lens mechanical oscillation, and the mechanical oscillation of laser head (11) interior lens, which drive, to swash
The laser vibrometer that light device (10) generates forms vibratory laser beam (12).
5. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, feature exist
In：The vibration frequency of the vibratory laser beam (12) is 50~100Hz.
6. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 1, feature exist
In：During laser-arc hybrid welding in industry, welding situation, laser welding apparatus root are monitored in real time by real-time monitoring device
The welding situation monitored when factually adjusts mode of vibration, Oscillation Amplitude and the vibration frequency of the vibratory laser beam (12) generated；Electricity
Arc welding equipment adjusts welding current, weldingvoltage according to the welding situation monitored in real time.
7. special according to a kind of any big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-arc hybrid welding methods of claim 1-6
Sign is：The real-time monitoring device includes the high-speed camera (31,32) of real-time observation welding situation, the welding situation packet
Include the form and position, the effect of electric arc and side wall, the flowing of welding pool and droplet transfer situation of welding arc.
8. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc combined welder, including laser welding apparatus and electric arc welding are set
It is standby, it is characterised in that：The laser welding apparatus includes laser (10), is swashed by what optical fiber (13) was connected with laser (10)
Bare headed (11) and vibratory driver (14), vibratory driver (14) by driving line (15) to be connected, can drive with laser head (11)
Laser head (11) interior lens are vibrated；The welding gun (21) of the arc-welding equipment is narrow gap arc welding rifle.
9. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc combined welder according to claim 8, feature exist
In：The welder further includes real-time monitoring device and control centre (40)；The real-time monitoring device includes observation in real time
Weld the high-speed camera (31,32) of situation；The welding situation of observation is transferred to control centre by high-speed camera (31,32)
(40), control centre (40) and the vibratory driver (14) and arc-welding equipment of laser welding apparatus communicate to connect.
10. a kind of big slab narrow gap vibratory laser-electric arc combined welder according to claim 9, feature exist
In：The welding situation includes the form and position, the effect of electric arc and side wall, the flowing of welding pool and molten drop of welding arc
Transient condition.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN109158760A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of narrow gap scanning galvanometer laser-heated filament complex welding method and device |
| CN109382586A (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2019-02-26 | 武汉大音科技有限责任公司 | A kind of laser of sealed shell of tank-arc-welding Combined Welding picks |
| CN109604934A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-12 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | A kind of method for laser welding of hot-rolled stainless steel |
| CN111203654A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 苏州德创测控技术咨询有限公司 | Laser welding track tracking and monitoring system |
| CN111545912A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Narrow-gap laser circular oscillation motion wire-filling welding method for aluminum alloy thick-wall component |
| CN113146046A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrahigh-power laser-arc/welding wire double-swing welding method and device |
| CN114845832A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-08-02 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Bonding method |
| CN114867577A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-08-05 | 日本轻金属株式会社 | Bonding method |
| CN116689974A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 烟台大学 | Arc blow preventing device and method for thick plate narrow-gap laser composite welding |
| CN117564476A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 深圳市铭镭激光设备有限公司 | Laser-arc composite welding equipment and welding method |
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| CN109158760A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-01-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | A kind of narrow gap scanning galvanometer laser-heated filament complex welding method and device |
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| CN111545912A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-18 | 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 | Narrow-gap laser circular oscillation motion wire-filling welding method for aluminum alloy thick-wall component |
| CN113146046A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrahigh-power laser-arc/welding wire double-swing welding method and device |
| CN116689974A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 烟台大学 | Arc blow preventing device and method for thick plate narrow-gap laser composite welding |
| CN116689974B (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-10-13 | 烟台大学 | Arc blow preventing device and method for thick plate narrow-gap laser composite welding |
| CN117564476A (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-02-20 | 深圳市铭镭激光设备有限公司 | Laser-arc composite welding equipment and welding method |
| CN117564476B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-04-26 | 深圳市铭镭激光设备有限公司 | Laser-arc composite welding equipment and welding method |
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