CN109226720B - Semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device based on combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration - Google Patents
Semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device based on combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration Download PDFInfo
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- CN109226720B CN109226720B CN201810947802.1A CN201810947802A CN109226720B CN 109226720 B CN109226720 B CN 109226720B CN 201810947802 A CN201810947802 A CN 201810947802A CN 109226720 B CN109226720 B CN 109226720B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
Abstract
The invention provides a semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration, and relates to the field of ultrasonic vibration and laser. The laser shock is carried out on the metal material in the semi-solid state, and meanwhile, the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the semi-solid metal, so that the gas in the material is favorably removed, oxide inclusions are reduced, crystal grains are refined, the structure is compact, a microstructure is generated, the residual stress distribution in the material is changed, the defects of the traditional process are overcome, and the material performance is improved. The ultrasonic vibration is applied to ensure that the laser impact action depth is deeper and the action effect is more obvious. The method can be popularized to various fields of material processing, such as welding, surface cladding and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of semi-solid plastic processing of metal, and relates to a semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device based on laser shock and ultrasonic vibration compounding.
Background
The semi-solid state is a state between a liquid state and a solid state, and contains both the liquid state and the solid state, and is kept viscous at a temperature between a liquid phase and a solid phase. The semi-solid metal plastic working refers to metal plastic working which is performed by utilizing the good rheological property of metal in a semi-solid region. The semi-solid metal can be used in different plastic working methods to obtain plastic work pieces with excellent properties.
The semi-solid plastic processing technology of metal parts is a processing technology which is rapidly developed abroad since the nineties of the twentieth century, is a new technology which is formed by fusing advanced technologies such as casting, forging and pressing and the like, and is considered to be one of near net plastic processing technologies with the development prospect in the century.
The ultrasonic vibration method is one of important methods for semi-solid plastic processing. And disturbing the metal solidification process by ultrasonic vibration to refine metal grains and obtain spherical primary crystal metal slurry. The ultrasonic semi-solid plastic processing mainly comprises two types according to the action modes: one is indirectly acted on semi-solid metal by acting on the bottom or the side part of a metal container, and mainly has the problems that ultrasonic waves are attenuated seriously in materials, the depth and the width which can be achieved are limited, the farther away from a vibration source, the weaker the ultrasonic treatment refining effect is, and the farther away, dendrites even appear; the other is directly acting on the semi-solid metal, the method has high sound energy efficiency, low requirement on load condition and easy control, but has the defects that the transmission of the ultrasound in the melt is related to viscosity, and the viscosity is increased along with the increase of the solid phase rate, so that the attenuation of the ultrasonic transmission becomes serious.
Patent CN101181736A describes a semi-solid rheoplastic processing method of metal parts and its device. The molten metal is introduced into a slurry container, then the ultrasonic radiation head is lowered, and ultrasonic radiation is started at a certain distance from the liquid surface. And after radiation is stopped, pouring the slurry into plastic processing equipment for plastic processing to obtain parts. The part structure is compact, and the crystal grains are fine and uniformly distributed. Only by radiating ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are not in direct contact with materials, the ultrasonic wave action depth is shallow, the grain refining effect is not obvious, and the efficiency is low.
Patent CN103909267A describes an apparatus and method for forming semi-solid metal powder based on ultrasonic vibration. One end of an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is in close contact with the upper surface of the crucible, semi-solid metal powder is placed into the crucible, the crucible is heated by an electromagnetic induction coil, and ultrasonic vibration is applied to the crucible in the induction heating process. And (3) performing plastic forming processing on the semi-solid metal powder when the semi-solid metal powder reaches a solid-liquid coexisting state. Inhibit the growth of crystal grains and improve the uniformity and compactness of the microstructure of the blank. But the method indirectly acts on the semi-solid metal by acting ultrasonic waves on the bottom of the metal container, the ultrasonic waves are greatly attenuated in the material, and the farther away from a vibration source, the weaker the refining effect of ultrasonic treatment is.
Patent CN101708543A describes a method and apparatus for preparing semi-solid metal slurry by mixing and vibrating. The superheated metal liquid is poured into a slurry container fastened on a mechanical vibration table, so that an ultrasonic vibration head is lowered to be below the metal liquid level, and low-frequency mechanical vibration and ultrasonic vibration are started to obtain the semi-solid metal slurry. The method can be used for preparing semi-solid slurry of various alloy parts such as aluminum, magnesium, tin, copper, zinc and the like and plastic forming processing of the parts. However, it has a disadvantage that the transmission of the ultrasound in the semi-solid metal is related to the viscosity, and as the solid fraction increases, the viscosity increases, so that the attenuation of the transmission of the ultrasound becomes severe.
Patent CN1931467A describes a method and apparatus for forming sheet material. The method uses carbon dioxide laser as material preheating, and uses laser impact device to impact and form metal material. However, when the steel plate is preheated, the temperature range is difficult to control, the energy absorption layer is easy to damage due to overhigh temperature, the material is damaged, the material cannot be uniformly heated, the stress distribution is difficult to control, residual tensile stress exists, and the plastic forming and strengthening of the plate cannot be realized at the same time. In addition, the production process is difficult to control.
Patent CN103834769A describes a laser shock peening method under heating condition and a thermostat, in which a metal workpiece is placed on the thermostat to be heated, and laser shock peening is performed by using a laser spot tangent lap joint method. However, the depth of action of the residual stress layer formed by the method is shallow, and in addition, the method is used for carrying out laser shock plastic forming processing on the plate in the air, so that the plate is easy to crack and wrinkle.
Patent CN1928127A describes a method and apparatus for continuous laser shock peening, which combines a confining medium and a coating together to make laser shock peening continuously performed, and the invention provides a method for continuous peening of planar or near-planar metal material or part by using high energy laser beam to generate plasma explosion shock wave, but the residual compressive stress generated by the method is unstable, and the improvement of fatigue life of the processed material is very limited.
Patent CN107322159A discloses a metal double-laser-beam impact forging low-stress welding device and method, wherein a laser welding system heats the surface of a metal workpiece by high-energy laser beams through thermal effect radiation to weld, and meanwhile, a second short-pulse laser beam performs impact forging on a welding zone within a forging temperature range by utilizing an impact wave mechanical effect, but the method only can eliminate residual stress inside the material and cannot improve the material performance by improving the internal organization structure of semi-solid metal; and is limited to the optimum temperature for laser shock peening and does not involve semi-solid metal plastic working.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration aiming at the defects in the technology. The defects of the traditional process are overcome, the defects of semi-solid metal plastic processing and laser shock strengthening and forming under the action of single ultrasonic are overcome, the internal organization structure of the semi-solid metal can be improved through the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing process, and the material performance is improved. The problem of the ultrasonic wave attenuate seriously in the material in the plastic processing course of the semi-solid metal is solved, the defects of unstable residual compressive stress and limited depth in laser shock strengthening and plastic processing are solved, and the problem of unobvious strengthening effect of the material with large laser shock strengthening thickness is solved. And the method can reduce the internal friction of the material and improve the plastic processing efficiency of the material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a semi-solid metal plastic processing device combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration comprises a laser component, an ultrasonic vibration component, a die component and a heating component; the laser shock and the ultrasonic vibration simultaneously act on a workpiece to be processed; the workpiece to be processed is placed in the die assembly; an ultrasonic vibration component is arranged below the workpiece to be processed; a laser component is arranged above the laser module; and a heating rod in the heating assembly is arranged in the die assembly.
Further, the laser assembly includes a confinement layer, a laser beam, and a laser; the constraint layer is arranged above the workpiece to be processed; the laser beam emitted by the laser is irradiated on the constraint layer; the restraint layer comprises high-temperature-resistant glass and high-temperature transparent liquid arranged between the high-temperature-resistant glass and the workpiece to be processed.
Further, the ultrasonic vibration assembly comprises an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator; the ultrasonic generator is connected with the transducer, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected above the transducer, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer acts on a workpiece to be processed.
Furthermore, the die assembly comprises an upper die, a lower die, a guide pillar, a guide sleeve, a bottom plate, a cushion block, an energy converter sleeve and an end cover; the cushion block and the transducer sleeve are arranged on an external numerical control workbench, and a flange plate at the node position of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer is connected with the transducer sleeve; the bottom plate is connected with the cushion block through threads, a lower die is arranged above the bottom plate and is arranged on the bottom plate through screws, and an asbestos heat insulation layer is arranged between the lower die and the bottom plate; an upper die is arranged above the lower die, and the upper die and the lower die are connected through a guide pillar and a guide sleeve; the end cover is arranged above the upper die and is connected with the upper die through threads, and the contact part of the end cover and the upper die is sealed by a sealing ring.
Furthermore, the heating assembly comprises a heating rod and a temperature controller, holes are symmetrically formed in the die along the axis direction, the heating rod is installed in the holes, and the heating rod is connected with the temperature controller.
Further, the heating rod is a high-temperature ceramic heating rod.
Further, heating the workpiece to be processed to be in a semi-solid state, and simultaneously applying ultrasonic vibration and laser shock to the heated workpiece to be processed; when laser impact is carried out, power ultrasonic vibration with certain frequency, amplitude and mode is applied to the ultrasonic amplitude transformer, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing metal in a semi-solid state into a preheating device or introducing the preheated metal into a die assembly, and heating the metal to the semi-solid state through a heating assembly;
s2, setting a laser shock restraint layer;
s3, adjusting parameters such as the wavelength, the pulse width, the spot diameter and the laser energy of the laser according to requirements;
s4, setting vibration modes, parameters and the like of the ultrasonic device;
and S5, turning on the ultrasonic generator to enable the ultrasonic amplitude transformer to generate ultrasonic vibration in a certain mode. Simultaneously starting a laser, carrying out laser shock plastic processing on the material, and simultaneously applying ultrasound;
s6, after laser shock is finished, closing the ultrasonic generator, and introducing cooling water into the die to rapidly cool the semi-solid metal;
and S7, separating the upper die and the lower die after cooling, taking out the metal material, and finishing the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing of the semi-solid metal.
Further, the laser in the step S3 impacts, and the laser pulse width is 10ns to 50ns and the laser energy is 2J to 100J.
Further, in the step S4, the ultrasonic vibration mode is longitudinal vibration or longitudinal-torsional vibration; the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 15-200 kHz, and the amplitude is 5-100 mu m; the ultrasonic vibration power is 200-.
The laser component is mainly used for carrying out laser shock, the ultrasonic vibration component is mainly used for applying ultrasonic vibration inside a semi-solid metal material, the connecting component is mainly used for connecting and fixing the whole device and containing the semi-solid metal material, and the heating component is mainly used for heating the device and controlling the temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention applies ultrasonic vibration and laser impact to semi-solid metal material simultaneously, so as to refine crystal grains, remove gas in the material and reduce oxide inclusions, improve the internal organization structure of the material and improve the material performance.
2. The invention overcomes the defect of plastic processing of semi-solid metal under the action of single ultrasonic wave, improves the problem of severe attenuation of ultrasonic wave in materials, achieves deeper depth, and solves the problems that the farther from a vibration source, the weaker ultrasonic treatment refining effect, and the farther place even dendritic crystal appears.
3. The method solves the problems that the generated residual compressive stress is unstable in the conventional laser shock technology, and the fatigue life of the material is very limited by the laser shock strengthening treatment, and increases the depth of the residual compressive stress layer and refines the grain structure.
4. The invention applies ultrasonic vibration and laser impact to semi-solid metal material simultaneously, which can reduce the internal friction of the material, improve the internal organization structure of the material and improve the plastic processing efficiency of the material.
5. The invention has the characteristics of simple process, simple structure, convenient operation and the like.
6. The upper die has good heat conduction performance, and the heating rod transfers heat to the metal material and the liquid material in the composite constraint layer through the upper die, so that the metal material is kept in a semi-solid state and the liquid material in the composite constraint layer is kept in a liquid state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a laser shock and ultrasonic vibration combined semi-solid metal plastic processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a laser shock spot distribution according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic view of the end cap back construction of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic illustration of the front view of the end cap of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an aluminum alloy sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of grain sizes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a laser, 2, a laser beam, 3, high-temperature-resistant glass, 4, high-temperature-resistant transparent liquid, 5, a high-temperature-resistant oil pipe, 6, a workpiece to be processed, 7, an upper die, 8, a guide sleeve, 9 guide pillars, 10, a lower die, 11, an asbestos heat insulation layer, 12, a cooling water hole, 13, a screw, 14, a bottom plate, 15, a temperature controller, 16, a heating rod, 17, an energy converter sleeve, 18, an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 19, an energy converter, 20, a bottom plate screw, 21, a cushion block, 22, an ultrasonic generator and 23, and an end cover;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and detailed description, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention applies laser shock and ultrasonic vibration to semi-solid metal material simultaneously, when the laser shock the workpiece 6 to be processed, namely the upper surface of the semi-solid metal material, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 inserted into the semi-solid metal generates ultrasonic vibration, the power ultrasonic with certain frequency, amplitude and mode is utilized to generate interaction with the laser shock wave, the pressure stress distribution with certain depth is formed, the crystal grains are refined, the internal organization structure of the material is improved, and the material performance is improved.
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration combined semi-solid metal plastic processing apparatus according to the present invention, which includes a laser assembly, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, a mold assembly, and a heating assembly.
According to the semi-solid metal plastic processing method combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration, even if the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is immersed by 1-2mm from the bottom of the semi-solid metal, the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 generates ultrasonic vibration with a certain mode, meanwhile, the laser is used for shocking the upper surface of the semi-solid metal material, the ultrasonic wave and the laser shock wave generate interaction, and after the semi-solid metal is cooled and taken out. Wherein the ultrasonic vibration frequency of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is preferably 15-70 kHz, the amplitude is preferably 10-50 μm, the ultrasonic vibration power is 200-2000W, the distance of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 immersed in the semi-solid metal is 1-2mm, and suitable parameters can be selected according to the actual engineering requirements. The laser impact light spot positions are distributed as shown in fig. 2, namely the laser impact light spot positions are distributed around the center of the metal material, and the circumferential light spot overlapping rate and the radial light spot overlapping rate are both larger than 50%.
After the treatment, on one hand, under the action of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 with a certain mode, the grains of the material are refined, and the internal organization structure is improved; on the other hand, the upper part of the material can also be effectively strengthened by laser shock. The two aspects act together to enhance the performance of the semi-solid metal material. Under the interaction of the ultrasonic waves and the laser shock waves, the problem that the depth of the ultrasonic waves in the material is limited can be solved, and the problem that the depth of the residual compressive stress layer of the material after laser shock treatment is shallow can be solved. In addition, the semi-solid metal material is simultaneously applied with ultrasonic vibration and laser impact, so that the internal friction of the material can be reduced, the internal organization structure of the material is improved, and the plastic processing efficiency of the material is improved.
The ultrasonic vibration component of the semi-solid metal plastic processing device combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration comprises an ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18, a transducer 19 and an ultrasonic generator 22. The ultrasonic generator 22 is connected with the transducer 19, and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is connected above the transducer 19. The ultrasonic horn 18 is a stepped horn made of titanium alloy, has good performance and can work at high temperature.
With reference to fig. 1, 3-2, the laser assembly comprises a confinement layer, a laser beam 2 and a laser 1. The restraint layer is arranged above the semi-solid metal material, the high-temperature transparent liquid 4 and the high-temperature resistant glass 3 are combined together to form the composite restraint layer with uniform thickness and can be always attached to the surface of the material, and laser impact is carried out through the laser beam 2 emitted by the laser 1. The high-temperature transparent liquid 4 is injected through a high-temperature resistant oil pipe 5, one end of the high-temperature resistant oil pipe 5 is connected with an oil inlet on the end cover 23, the other end of the high-temperature resistant oil pipe 5 is vertically arranged and is connected with the outside atmosphere, the gap between the semi-solid metal material and the high-temperature resistant glass 3 is filled with the liquefied lithium chloride 4 to obtain a composite constrained layer, and the liquid in the gap and the high-temperature resistant glass 3 form the composite constrained layer; the end cap 23 is a centrally apertured groove-shaped structure.
The heating assembly comprises a heating rod 16 and a temperature controller 15, which are uniformly perforated around the axis of the mold at the bottom thereof and in which the heating rod 16 is installed. The heating rod 16 is made of high-temperature ceramic, has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, long service life, uniform temperature, good heat conductivity and the like, and meets the requirements of the device.
The die assembly comprises an upper die 7, a lower die 10, a guide pillar 9, a guide sleeve 8, a bottom plate 14, a cushion block 21, a bottom plate screw 20, a transducer sleeve 17, an end cover 23 and a screw 13. The cushion block 21 and the transducer sleeve 17 are arranged on an external numerical control workbench, a flange plate at the node position of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 is connected with the transducer sleeve 17, and the transducer sleeve 17 is used for supporting and fixing the ultrasonic vibration component. The base plate 14 is screwed to the spacer 21 to provide a space for mounting the lead wires of the heating rod 16 and the ultrasonic vibration module. The lower die 10 is arranged above the bottom plate 14, the lower die 10 is arranged on the bottom plate 14 through bottom plate screws 20, and an asbestos heat insulation layer 11 is arranged between the lower die 10 and the bottom plate 14. An upper die 7 is arranged above the lower die 10, and the upper die 7 is connected with the lower die 10 through a guide pillar 9 and a guide sleeve 8. The specific structure of the end cover 23 is as shown in fig. 3, the end cover 23 is arranged above the upper die 7 and connected with the upper die 7 through threads, and the contact parts of the end cover 23 and the upper die 7 are sealed by sealing rings, so that the sealing performance is good.
The ultrasonic vibration component is mainly used for applying ultrasonic vibration inside the semi-solid metal material, the connecting component is mainly used for connecting and fixing the whole device and containing the semi-solid metal material, and the heating component is mainly used for heating a mold and controlling the temperature.
The invention provides a semi-solid metal plastic processing method combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration, which comprises the following concrete implementation processes:
s1, introducing metal in a semi-solid state into a preheating device; or the preheated metal is introduced into the die and heated to a semi-solid state by the device. The heating is carried out through a high-temperature ceramic heating rod 16, an external heating control circuit is switched on, the whole device is uniformly heated through the high-temperature ceramic heating rod 16, and the required temperature is set through a temperature controller 15.
And S2, setting a laser shock restraint layer. Installing an end cover 23, placing the high-temperature-resistant glass 3 in the end cover 23, filling the gap between the semi-solid metal material and the high-temperature-resistant glass 3 with high-temperature transparent liquid 4 through a high-temperature-resistant oil pipe 5, and forming a composite constrained layer by the liquid in the gap and the high-temperature-resistant glass 3.
And S3, adjusting parameters such as the wavelength, the pulse width, the spot diameter and the laser energy of the laser according to the plastic processing requirement. The main laser parameters are selected according to the performance and the thickness of the semi-solid metal material, the laser impact position is performed around the center of the metal material, the circumferential light spot overlapping rate and the radial light spot overlapping rate are both larger than 50%, the circumferential impact and the radial impact are completed for one time, and the process can be repeated for 2-3 times.
And S4, setting the vibration mode, parameters and the like of the ultrasonic device. The ultrasonic vibration adopts longitudinal-torsional vibration, and the vibration mode can be changed according to the requirement; the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 15-70 kHz, and the amplitude is 10-50 mu m; the ultrasonic vibration power is 200-2000W.
S5, turning on the ultrasonic generator 22 to enable the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 18 to generate ultrasonic vibration with a certain mode; and simultaneously, starting the laser 1 to perform laser shock plastic processing on the material, so that the material is subjected to ultrasonic semi-solid plastic processing while being subjected to laser shock.
S6, after laser impact is finished, the ultrasonic generator 22 is closed, the heating circuit is disconnected, and the high-temperature transparent liquid 4 is discharged through the high-temperature-resistant oil pipe 5; cooling water is introduced into the die through the cooling water holes 12 of the lower die 10, and heat is taken away through circulation of the cooling water to rapidly cool the semi-solid metal.
S7, after cooling, unscrewing the end cover 23, separating the upper die 7 and the lower die 10, taking out the metal material, and finishing the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing of the semi-solid metal.
Example (b):
in this example, an aluminum alloy having a diameter of 30mm and a thickness of 10mm was subjected to composite plastic working. The preheated workpiece 6 to be processed, namely the aluminum alloy sample is introduced into the die, an external heating control circuit is switched on, the whole device is uniformly heated by a high-temperature ceramic heating rod 16, the aluminum alloy sample is heated and melted, and the temperature of the aluminum alloy sample is kept at 635 ℃ by a temperature controller 15. Installing an end cover 23, placing the high-temperature-resistant glass 3 in the end cover 23, filling the gap between the semi-solid aluminum alloy and the high-temperature-resistant glass 3 with high-temperature transparent liquid 4 through a high-temperature-resistant oil pipe 5, and forming a composite constrained layer by the liquid in the gap and the high-temperature-resistant glass 3. The laser parameters were adjusted to a spot diameter of 3mm, an energy of 2G, a pulse width of 20.1ns and a wavelength of 1.054 μm. The laser impact position is performed around the center of the aluminum alloy sample 6, the circumferential light spot overlapping rate and the radial light spot overlapping rate are both 60%, and the circumferential impact and the radial impact are completed once and repeated for 2 times. The vibration mode, parameters and the like of the ultrasonic device are set, the ultrasonic vibration adopts longitudinal-torsional vibration, the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 20kHz, and the amplitude is 10 mu m. The ultrasonic generator 22 is turned on to generate a longitudinal torsional vibration of the ultrasonic horn 18. And simultaneously, starting the laser 1 to perform laser shock on the semi-solid aluminum alloy, so that the semi-solid aluminum alloy is subjected to ultrasonic semi-solid plastic processing while being subjected to laser shock. After laser impact is finished, the ultrasonic generator 22 is closed, the heating circuit is disconnected, the high-temperature transparent liquid 4 is discharged through the high-temperature-resistant oil pipe 5, cooling water is introduced into the die through the cooling water holes 12 of the lower die 10, and heat is taken away through circulation of the cooling water to rapidly cool the semi-solid metal. And after cooling, unscrewing the end cover 23, separating the upper die 7 and the lower die 10, taking out the aluminum alloy sample, and finishing the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing of the semi-solid metal.
After the semi-solid metal is subjected to laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing, the material performance is improved. As shown in FIG. 5, which is a comparison of the grain diameters of the metallic materials, the abscissa represents the distance in the thickness direction from the surface A to the surface B, and the ordinate represents the grain diameter, as shown in FIG. 4, the surface A of the aluminum alloy sample and the surface B of the aluminum alloy sample. Curve 501 is the grain diameter of a single ultrasonic treatment and curve 502 is the grain size after the composite plastic working of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration.
It should be understood that although the present description has been described in terms of various embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity purposes only, and those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein may be combined as suitable to form other embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of a semi-solid metal plastic processing device combining laser shock and ultrasonic vibration is characterized by comprising a laser component, an ultrasonic vibration component, a die component and a heating component; the laser shock and the ultrasonic vibration act on a workpiece (6) to be processed simultaneously; the workpiece (6) to be processed is arranged in the die assembly; an ultrasonic vibration component is arranged below the workpiece (6) to be processed; a laser component is arranged above the laser module; a heating rod (16) in the heating assembly is arranged in the mould assembly;
the laser assembly comprises a confinement layer, a laser beam (2) and a laser (1); the restraint layer is arranged above a workpiece (6) to be processed; a laser beam (2) emitted by the laser (1) is irradiated on the constraint layer; the restraint layer comprises high-temperature-resistant glass (3) and high-temperature transparent liquid (4) arranged between the high-temperature glass (3) and a workpiece (6) to be processed;
heating the workpiece (6) to be processed to be in a semi-solid state, and simultaneously applying ultrasonic vibration and laser shock to the heated workpiece (6) to be processed; when the laser shock is used, the ultrasonic horn (18) is applied with power ultrasonic vibration with certain frequency, amplitude and mode, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, introducing the metal in the semi-solid state into a preheating device or introducing the preheated metal into a die assembly, and heating the metal to the semi-solid state through a heating assembly;
s2, arranging a laser impact restraint layer;
s3, adjusting the wavelength, pulse width, spot diameter and laser energy parameters of the laser according to the requirements;
s4, setting the vibration mode and parameters of the ultrasonic device;
s5, turning on the ultrasonic generator (22), enabling the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) to generate ultrasonic vibration with a certain mode, simultaneously turning on the laser (1), carrying out laser shock plastic processing on the material, and simultaneously applying ultrasonic;
s6, after laser shock is finished, the ultrasonic generator (22) is closed, and cooling water is introduced into the die to rapidly cool the semi-solid metal;
and S7, separating the upper die (7) and the lower die (10) after cooling, taking out the metal material, and finishing the laser shock and ultrasonic vibration composite plastic processing of the semi-solid metal.
2. A method of a combined laser shock and ultrasonic vibration semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes an ultrasonic horn (18), a transducer (19) and an ultrasonic generator (22); the ultrasonic generator (22) is connected with the transducer (19), an ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) is connected above the transducer (19), and the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) acts on a workpiece (6) to be processed.
3. The method of a combined laser shock and ultrasonic vibration semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein the die assembly includes an upper die (7), a lower die (10), a guide post (9), a guide bush (8), a bottom plate (14), a spacer (21), a transducer sleeve (17), and an end cap (23); the cushion block (21) and the transducer sleeve (17) are arranged on an external numerical control workbench, and a flange plate at the node position of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer (18) is connected with the transducer sleeve (17); the bottom plate (14) is connected with the cushion block (21) through threads, a lower die (10) is arranged above the bottom plate (14), the lower die (10) is arranged on the bottom plate (14) through a screw (13), and an asbestos heat insulation layer is arranged between the lower die (10) and the bottom plate (14); an upper die (7) is arranged above the lower die (10), and the upper die (7) is connected with the lower die (10) through a guide post (9) and a guide sleeve (8); the end cover (23) is arranged above the upper die (7) and is connected with the upper die (7) through threads, and the contact parts of the end cover (23) and the upper die (7) are sealed by sealing rings.
4. The method of a combined laser shock and ultrasonic vibration semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heating assembly includes a heating rod (16) and a temperature controller (15), the mold is symmetrically perforated with holes along an axial direction, the heating rod (16) is installed in the holes, and the heating rod (16) is connected to the temperature controller (15).
5. The method of a combined laser shock and ultrasonic vibration semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said heating rod (16) is a high temperature ceramic heating rod.
6. The method of a semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus with combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration as set forth in claim 1, wherein the laser shock in the step S3, laser pulse width 10 ns-50 ns, laser energy 2J-100J.
7. The method of a semi-solid metal plastic working apparatus with combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibration mode is longitudinal vibration or longitudinal-torsional vibration in the step S4; the ultrasonic vibration frequency is 15-200 kHz, and the amplitude is 5-100 mu m; the ultrasonic vibration power is 200-.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810947802.1A CN109226720B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device based on combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration |
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| CN201810947802.1A CN109226720B (en) | 2018-08-20 | 2018-08-20 | Semi-solid metal plastic processing method and device based on combination of laser shock and ultrasonic vibration |
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| CN109226720A CN109226720A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109226720B true CN109226720B (en) | 2021-02-12 |
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