CN105714284A - Method and device for assisting laser cladding through ultrasonic vibration-magnetic stirring composite energy field - Google Patents
Method and device for assisting laser cladding through ultrasonic vibration-magnetic stirring composite energy field Download PDFInfo
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for assisting laser cladding through an ultrasonic vibration-magnetic stirring composite energy field. The device is characterized by mainly comprising a laser, ultrasonic vibration equipment, an AC excitation device and the like. According to the device disclosed by the invention, an ultrasonic field and an electromagnetic field are applied at the same time in the laser cladding process, so that laser melting regions are subjected to the synergistic effects of the ultrasonic vibration and the magnetic stirring, the organization form in a molten pool is adjusted and controlled, the grain size is controlled, and the macroscopic surface appearance is improved; therefore, excellent cladding layer properties are further obtained. According to the device, the defect that the ultrasonic processing range is small when only the ultrasonic field is applied is overcome, and the shortcoming that the structure refinement effect is unapparent when only the electromagnetic field is applied is overcome. According to the method and device disclosed by the invention, adjusting and controlling of the structure properties of laser cladding layers through the ultrasonic vibration-magnetic stirring composite energy field are realized, cladding layers which are free from cracks and holes, have structure refinement and excellent properties can be obtained. The method and device have the characteristics of being simple in structure, convenient to operate, low in cost, broad in application scope and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser melting and coating technique, a kind of method and apparatus utilizing laser melting and coating technique that material surface is carried out Laser Cladding Treatment, a kind of method and apparatus utilizing supersonic vibration and the auxiliary laser cladding of electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique, so that its thermal source is controlled and rapid solidification and have that bond strength is high and the feature such as structure refinement, is widely used in industries such as Aero-Space, chemical industry, mould, machinery, iron and steel.But laser melting and coating process still suffers from some problems, the defect such as pore in wherein subject matter includes cladding layer, crackle, thick columnar grain and the bigger residual stress produced due to heat quenching anxious in laser cladding process.Solution for these defects at present mainly includes by adding some specific alloy element or rare earth oxide, or alleviate these problems by optimizing laser melting and coating process and the measure such as preheating and after heat, but above measure does not has breakthrough to eliminating laser cladding layer crackle, hole and residual stress.
For above-mentioned problem, having scholar the most both at home and abroad and improve metal solidification texture by additional physical field, reduce internal flaw, reduce residual stress and improve cladding layer mechanical property, wherein main method has the means such as supersonic vibration and electromagnetic agitation.Wang Wei (see Wang Wei, Guo Pengfei, Zhang Jianzhong etc. Chinese laser, 2013,40(8): 0803004) it is the supersonic vibration of 19.56kHz by adding frequency on titanium alloy substrate, carry out laser melting coating experiment.Result shows, the supersonic vibration of power makes the profile pattern of cladding layer well, and the interior tissue porosity drops to 0.75%, and cladding layer crystallite dimension reduces about 42%, and lamella length reduces 23.9%, but the stacking efficiency in deposition growing direction reduces 36.7%.Wu Dongjiang (Dongjiang Wu, Minhai Guo, Guangyi
Ma etal. Materials Letters, 2015 (141): 207 209) use ultrasonic wave added laser melting coating YSZ thermal barrier coating and its microscopic structure and dilution rate are studied, find that applying supersonic vibration in laser melting coating can change coating cross sections pattern, thinning microstructure, simultaneously because the impact of ultrasound non-linear makes matrix be thoroughly mixed with powder thus can be controlled dilution rate.But owing to ultrasonic sound pressure amplitudes is concentrated mainly near ultrasonic probe, and along with the increase of distance, ultrasound intensity also can the most substantially reduce；On the other hand, the acoustic streaming effect of ultrasonic generation can produce convection current in the melt, but effect is more weak, it is impossible to is sufficiently stirred for melt.Therefore in laser cladding process, apply single ultrasonic field can not obtain ideal tissue modulation effect.Electromagnetic agitation be made by electromagnetic force promote metal bath motion thus change the flowing of melt, conduction of heat in molten bath, smash dendrite, and then crystal grain thinning, improve microstructure.Yu little Bin (Yu little Bin, Liu Fencheng, Lin Xin, Deng. application laser, 2014,34 (6): 513-517.) have studied rotation magnetic field assistant laser solid forming nickel base superalloy under different magnetic field intensity, find that electromagnetic agitation laser solid forming nickel base superalloy still has extension and grows thick column crystal feature continuously, but dense structure, without metallurgical imperfection.Owing in laser cladding process, liquid state molten pool is only stirred by electromagnetic agitation, and the time that in cladding process, liquid state molten pool exists is the ofest short duration, i.e. the shortest to the mixing time in molten bath, so the tissue thinning effect to cladding layer is not highly significant.Therefore while carrying out supersonic vibration, apply electromagnetic agitation can be effectively improved the deficiency that the sphere of action of supersound process is little, promote that the enhancing granule added is evenly distributed in cladding layer, improve the phenomenon of microstructure of surface cladding layer component segregation, during electromagnetic agitation, introduce supersonic vibration simultaneously can make up the unconspicuous shortcoming of electromagnetic agitation thinning effect.
Therefore, the method and apparatus that the present invention proposes a kind of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding.Supersonic vibration and electromagnetic agitation is applied in laser cladding process, the cooperative effect utilizing recombination energy field refines and uniform laser microstructure of surface cladding layer, improve composition segregation and lax residual stress, improve the defects such as the crackle of cladding layer, pore, improve laser cladding layer performance purpose.
By domestic and foreign literature is retrieved, current more researcher focuses primarily upon single electromagnetic agitation or the supersonic vibration impact on microstructure of surface cladding layer performance, and the application that both is combined in laser melting coating is the fewest, the present invention is to propose the method and device first.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for existing laser melting coating ancillary technique function singleness, the problem that effect is undesirable, invent and a kind of combine supersonic vibration and method that auxiliary laser cladding is carried out in electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field, a kind of corresponding device is provided simultaneously, it carries out Effective Regulation by the synergism of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation to the microscopic structure of cladding layer, and then improve the defect of cladding layer, improve the combination property of cladding layer.
One of technical scheme is:
The method of a kind of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, it is characterised in that it comprises the steps:
(1) use preset method to be layered in advance on cladding matrix by required powder, and be placed in vacuum drying oven drying；
(2) the dried cladding matrix with fore-put powder is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation by threaded rod, and is placed horizontally at the center of two magnet exciting coil coaxial lines；
(3) regulate frequency and the power of ultrasonic power, make to produce dither with the cladding matrix of fore-put powder, electronic pressure controller is carried out automatic Regulation simultaneously and makes the alternating current in loop adjustable, in order in cladding area, produce alternating magnetic field；
(4) open laser instrument, complete cladding by the control of industrial computer and process, the course of processing is opened argon gas cylinder simultaneously, by feed nozzle, molten bath is protected；
(5) laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1000-1800W, scanning speed 400-1200mm/min, spot diameter 1-4mm, the flow velocity 10-25L/h of protective gas argon.
Described ultrasonic-frequency power supply makes produce with the cladding matrix of fore-put powder to be amplitude 50 μm to the maximum, and frequency of vibration is 20-80kHz.
The maximum current that described electronic pressure controller applies is 20A, and that produce in cladding area is big alternating magnetic field 65.7mT.
Fore-put powder method used includes adding binding agent, fore-put powder tabletting and supersonic spray coating.
For preset powder must first 100 DEG C of dry 20min in vacuum drying oven, and cladding matrix 100 DEG C of dry 2h in vacuum drying oven again of powder will be preset.
The two of technical scheme are:
A kind of device of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, it is characterized in that it mainly includes that laser instrument 1, magnet exciting coil 4, ultrasonic vibration installation 6, argon gas cylinder 14 and feed nozzle 17, described laser instrument 1 and argon gas cylinder 14 are controlled by industrial computer 2；The ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6 making cladding sample 3 produce dither in laser cladding process is connected with adjustable ultrasonic power 10, ultrasonic power 10 can regulate amplitude and the frequency of vibration of ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6 front-end vibration, described cladding sample 3 is arranged on threaded rod 18, and threaded rod 18 is arranged on ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6；Magnet exciting coil 4 is arranged on the both sides of cladding sample 3 cladding sample 3 to be produced alternating magnetic field in laser cladding process；Described argon gas cylinder 14 is connected with feed nozzle 17, and feed nozzle 17 is for carrying out protection of supplying gas in laser cladding process.
Described magnet exciting coil 4 is connected with electronic pressure controller 11, and electronic pressure controller 11 carries out automatic stepless pressure regulation, range of regulation 0 ~ 250v by servomotor 13；Electronic pressure controller 11 and ultrasonic power 10 are controlled by single-chip microcomputer 8, and single-chip microcomputer 8 is controlled by industrial computer 2.
Described electronic pressure controller 11 carries out pressure regulation through decelerator 12 to it by servomotor 13, and electronic pressure controller 11 and magnet exciting coil 4 form closed-loop path.
Described electronic pressure controller 11 connects the adjustable resistor 9 that can expand its range of regulation.
Described cladding sample 3 is placed horizontally at the coaxial line center position of two magnet exciting coils 4.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) little to molten bath sphere of action for single additional ultrasonic field and single applying electromagnetic field is not shortcoming clearly to molten bath action effect, two kinds of physical fields are combined, by regulating the many kinds of parameters of this recombination energy field, reach a kind of effect to microstructure of surface cladding layer coordinated regulation, play the advantage of each self energy field, make the performance of cladding layer relatively improve further in the case of single additional energy field action.
(2) installation site of ultrasonic vibration installation and electromagnetic mixing apparatus in this device, can make the molten bath of effect by left and right and upper and lower agitation so that melting bath stirring is more abundant, it is thus achieved that crystal grain more tiny, organize finer and close.
(3) this device needs bigger magnetic field intensity and single ultrasonic field to need higher amplitude compared to single magnetic field, this recombination energy field may be implemented in relatively low magnetic field intensity and less amplitude energy is issued to coordinated regulation effect, make the i.e. available bigger raising of quality of cladding layer under low-yield initial conditions, be a kind of energy-efficient environmental protecting device.
(4) during the present invention is a kind of simple in construction, regulation and control general refinement flexible, economic and the heat effect mechanism improving laser and material, the method for molten bath structure property, has the strongest engineer applied and is worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the threaded rod of the present invention is connected figure with sample.
Fig. 3 is the cladding layer section structure metallograph applying supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cladding layer section structure metallograph applying ultrasonic vibration field in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the cladding layer section structure metallograph applying electromagnetic field in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is not apply supersonic vibration in the embodiment of the present invention--the cladding layer section structure metallograph of electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field.
In figure: 1. laser instrument (Nd:YAG)；2. industrial computer；3. sample；4. magnet exciting coil；5. bracing frame；6. ultrasonic vibration apparatus；7. work platforms；8. single-chip microcomputer；9. adjustable resistor；10. ultrasonic power；11. electronic pressure controllers；12. decelerators；13. servomotors；14. argon gas cylinders；15. reflecting mirrors；16. condenser lenses；17. feed nozzle；18. threaded rods.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1-2.
A kind of device of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, mainly include Nd:YAG laser instrument 1, industrial computer 2, magnet exciting coil 4, ultrasonic vibration installation 6, adjustable resistor 9, single-chip microcomputer 8, electronic pressure controller 11, ultrasonic power 10, argon gas cylinder 14 and feed nozzle 17, as shown in Figure 1；Described Nd:YAG laser instrument 1, single-chip microcomputer 8 are all connected with described industrial computer 2 with argon gas cylinder 14；Electronic pressure controller 11 and ultrasonic power 10 are controlled by described single-chip microcomputer 8 respectively；Described electronic pressure controller 11 carries out automatic stepless pressure regulation through decelerator 12 to it by servomotor 13, electronic pressure controller 11 and magnet exciting coil 4 and adjustable resistor 9 are composed in series closed-loop path, and described adjustable resistor 9 is for expanding the range of regulation of electronic pressure controller 11；Described ultrasonic power 10 is connected with ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6, and ultrasonic power 10 is for regulating amplitude and the frequency of vibration of ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6 front-end vibration；Described cladding sample 3 is connected (Fig. 2) by threaded rod 18 with ultrasonic vibration apparatus 6；Described cladding sample 3 is placed horizontally at the coaxial line center position of two magnet exciting coils 4；Described argon gas cylinder 14 is connected with feed nozzle 17, open laser instrument start cladding process while, ultrasonic vibration installation makes cladding sample 3 produce dither, and amplitude is 0.1-50 μm, adjustable, frequency of vibration is 20-80kHz, adjustable, meanwhile, magnet exciting coil 4 is energized and cladding sample 3 is produced alternating magnetic field, electronic pressure controller 11 apply maximum current be 20A, in cladding area produce be big alternating magnetic field be 65.7mT.Feed nozzle 17 is for carrying out protection of supplying gas in laser cladding process.
Embodiment two.
A kind of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding method, it comprises the steps:
(1) use preset method to be layered in advance on cladding matrix by the way of binding agent or pressed powder by required powder, and be placed in vacuum drying oven drying；
(2) the dried cladding matrix with fore-put powder is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation by threaded rod, and is placed horizontally at the center of two magnet exciting coil coaxial lines；
(3) frequency and the power of ultrasonic power are regulated, make to produce the amplitude of 0.1-50 μm with the cladding matrix of fore-put powder, frequency of vibration 20-80kHz, electronic pressure controller carries out automatic Regulation simultaneously makes the electric current in loop adjustable at 3-20A, then produce the alternating magnetic field of 9.7-65.7mT in cladding area；
(4) open laser instrument, complete cladding by the control of industrial computer and process, the course of processing is opened argon gas cylinder simultaneously, by feed nozzle, molten bath is protected；
(5) laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1000-1800w, scanning speed 400-1200mm/min, spot diameter 1-4mm, the flow velocity 10-25L/h of protective gas argon.
Application example one.
First by after the AZ91D magnesium alloy substrate sand papering of a size of 50mm × 50mm × 10mm and with dehydrated alcohol ultrasonic cleaning 5min, and at a temperature of 100 DEG C, it is dried 20min.Laser cladding powder is Ni60 alloy powder; granularity 75-135 μm; powder and dehydrated alcohol are mixed paste be coated on magnesium alloy substrate; and it is placed on 100 DEG C of dry 2h in vacuum drying oven; dried sample is positioned over ultrasonic vibration apparatus front end and is used for connecting the threaded rod of sample; open electronic pressure controller by industrial computer and ultrasonic power makes it produce 32.7mT and 20kHz and the vibration of 3 μm on sample; open laser instrument to be passed through argon simultaneously molten bath is protected, carry out single track laser scanning and obtain laser cladding layer.Laser cladding technological parameter is: laser power 1500w, scanning speed 400mm/min, spot diameter 2.5mm, the flow velocity 15L/h of protective gas argon.The cladding layer microscopic structure obtained in this embodiment is as shown in Figure 3.Laser melting coating working process parameter the most used only adds a kind of ultrasonic field and electromagnetic field in the case of keeping unanimously, and the coating microstructure obtained is the most as shown in Figures 4 and 5.This embodiment removes attached ultrasonic field and electromagnetic field in the case of all laser melting coating working process parameters keep unanimously, carries out the microscopic structure of AZ91D magnesium alloy laser cladding Ni60 alloy coat as shown in Figure 6.
In conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 6, it appeared that dendrite can effectively be smashed by supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, microscopic structure is carried out refinement regulation and control.Comparison diagram 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it appeared that the more single ultrasonic field in supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field and electromagnetic field have the crystal grain refinement become apparent from, uniform formation's effect.
Application example two.
The difference of this application example and application example one is electronic pressure controller and ultrasonic power makes it produce 65.7mT and 80kHz and the vibration of 50 μm on sample; open laser instrument to be passed through argon simultaneously molten bath is protected, carry out single track laser scanning and obtain laser cladding layer.Laser cladding technological parameter is: laser power 1800W, scanning speed 1000mm/min, spot diameter 1mm, the flow velocity 25L/h of protective gas argon.
Application example three.
The difference of this application example and application example one is electronic pressure controller and ultrasonic power makes it produce 9.7mT and 20kHz and the vibration of 10 μm on sample; open laser instrument to be passed through argon simultaneously molten bath is protected, carry out single track laser scanning and obtain laser cladding layer.Laser cladding technological parameter is: laser power 1000W, scanning speed 1200mm/min, spot diameter 4mm, the flow velocity 10L/h of protective gas argon.
The metallographic structure of actual cladding layer is close with Fig. 3-6.
Below being only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention not makees any pro forma restriction, relevant improvement done under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Part that the present invention does not relate to maybe can use prior art to be realized with now technology is identical.
Claims (10)
1. a method for supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, is characterized in that it comprises the steps:
(1) use preset method to be layered in advance on cladding matrix by required powder, and be placed in vacuum drying oven drying；
(2) the dried cladding matrix with fore-put powder is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation by threaded rod, and is placed horizontally at the center of two magnet exciting coil coaxial lines；
(3) regulate frequency and the power of ultrasonic power, make to produce dither with the cladding matrix of fore-put powder, electronic pressure controller is carried out automatic Regulation simultaneously and makes the alternating current in loop adjustable, in order in cladding area, produce alternating magnetic field；
(4) open laser instrument, complete cladding by the control of industrial computer and process, the course of processing is opened argon gas cylinder simultaneously, by feed nozzle, molten bath is protected；
(5) laser melting coating parameter is: laser power 1000-1800W, scanning speed 400-1200mm/min, spot diameter 1-4mm, the flow velocity 10-25L/h of protective gas argon.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described ultrasonic-frequency power supply makes the peak swing of the cladding matrix generation with fore-put powder be 50 μm, and frequency of vibration is 20-80kHz.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that the maximum current that described electronic pressure controller applies is 20A, and that produce in cladding area is big alternating magnetic field 65.7mT.
Method the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fore-put powder method includes adding binding agent, fore-put powder tabletting and supersonic spray coating.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fore-put powder must first 100 DEG C of dry 20min in vacuum drying oven, and cladding matrix 100 DEG C of dry 2h in vacuum drying oven again of powder will be preset.
6. the device of supersonic vibration-electromagnetic agitation recombination energy field auxiliary laser cladding, it is characterized in that it mainly includes that laser instrument (1), magnet exciting coil (4), ultrasonic vibration installation (6), argon gas cylinder (14) and feed nozzle (17), described laser instrument (1) and argon gas cylinder (14) are controlled by industrial computer (2)；The ultrasonic vibration apparatus (6) making cladding sample (3) produce dither in laser cladding process is connected with adjustable ultrasonic power (10), ultrasonic power (10) can regulate amplitude and the frequency of vibration of ultrasonic vibration apparatus (6) front-end vibration, described cladding sample (3) is arranged on threaded rod (18), and threaded rod (18) is arranged on ultrasonic vibration apparatus (6)；Magnet exciting coil (4) is arranged on the both sides of cladding sample (3) cladding sample (3) to be produced alternating magnetic field in laser cladding process；Described argon gas cylinder (14) is connected with feed nozzle (17), and feed nozzle (17) is for carrying out protection of supplying gas in laser cladding process.
Device the most according to claim 6, is characterized in that described electronic pressure controller (11) carries out automatic stepless pressure regulation, range of regulation 0 ~ 250V by servomotor (13)；Electronic pressure controller (11) and ultrasonic power (10) are controlled by single-chip microcomputer (8), and single-chip microcomputer (8) is controlled by industrial computer (2).
Device the most according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described magnet exciting coil (4) is connected with electronic pressure controller (11), electronic pressure controller (11) carries out pressure regulation through decelerator (12) to it by servomotor (13), and electronic pressure controller (11) forms closed-loop path with magnet exciting coil (4).
Device the most according to claim 8, is characterized in that described electronic pressure controller (11) connection has the adjustable resistor (9) that can expand its range of regulation.
Device the most according to claim 6, is characterized in that described cladding sample (3) is placed horizontally at the coaxial line center position of two magnet exciting coils (4).
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| CN106637200A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing metallic-matrix ceramic coating by using laser cladding assisted by heat, sound and magnetic complex energy field |
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| CN106637200A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏大学 | Method for preparing metallic-matrix ceramic coating by using laser cladding assisted by heat, sound and magnetic complex energy field |
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