CN112663048A - Laser cladding device and method for multilayer composite nano coating - Google Patents
Laser cladding device and method for multilayer composite nano coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding device and method of a multilayer composite nano coating, belongs to the technical field of surface engineering, and solves the problems that nano powder is not easy to attach, a cladding layer is not compact enough, and a preset coating is easy to fall off in the preparation process of the nano cladding coating; provides an effective solution for the preparation of the nano coating and the processing of the nano coating. The ultrasonic ranging device structurally comprises an ultrasonic gun, an infrared ranging module, a mechanical vibration platform and the like, and has the following beneficial effects: a powder layer is prefabricated on a substrate before laser cladding begins, the powder is uniformly paved on the substrate by using an ultrasonic gun and a mechanical vibration platform, the thickness of the powder layer is detected by using an infrared distance measurement module, then a heating roller is used for compacting the powder layer, a magnetic field and the ultrasonic gun are used for refining a cladding layer crystal and cladding layer stress in the laser cladding process, and an effective solution is provided for laser cladding presetting of a composite nano coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser cladding molten pool temperature monitoring, and particularly relates to a laser cladding device and method for a multilayer composite nano coating.
Background
The laser cladding technology is an advanced surface modification technology, cladding materials on the surface of a matrix, melting the materials and a thin layer on the surface of the matrix simultaneously through laser irradiation, and forming a surface coating which has extremely low dilution and is metallurgically combined with the matrix material after rapid solidification, thereby obviously improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, electrical appliance characteristics and the like of the surface of the matrix material. The preparation method is applied to preparation of the nano-structure coating, is beneficial to preparation of the existing nano-structure coating, and the dispersion strengthening mechanism of the nano-particles can also enable the cladding layer to have excellent toughness so as to solve the problem that the laser cladding layer is easy to crack. After the nano powder is added, the performance of the coating is obviously improved, but the nano powder is easy to agglomerate and is often a hard agglomerate, so that the excellent characteristics of the nano powder are not existed, and the practical and practical effect is poor. And the nano powder material is loose, and holes are easily generated in the laser cladding process. The problems of easy gasification, splashing and the like of the nanometer powder exist in the laser cladding process. The combined action of these factors makes the nanostructure coating prepared by laser cladding pure nanopowder not reach the expected effect.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method for a multilayer composite nano coating, which solve the problems that nano powder is not easy to attach, a cladding layer is not compact enough, and a preset coating is easy to fall off in the preparation process of the nano cladding coating; provides an effective solution for the preparation of the nano coating and the processing of the nano coating. The ultrasonic ranging device structurally comprises an ultrasonic gun, an infrared ranging module, a mechanical vibration platform and the like, and has the following beneficial effects: the device comprises a base body, a powder layer is prefabricated on the base body before laser cladding begins, the powder is uniformly paved on the base body through an ultrasonic gun and a mechanical vibration platform, the thickness of the powder layer is detected through an infrared distance measurement module, a heating roller is used for compacting the powder layer, a magnetic field and the ultrasonic gun are used for refining a cladding layer crystal and reducing the stress of the cladding layer in the laser cladding process, the roller is used for following a laser cladding track in the cladding process, the cladding layer is compacted when the cladding layer is not completely cooled, the compactness of the cladding layer is improved, a heating rod is further included, real-time temperature control is carried out on the base body, and the overhigh residual stress caused by rapid cooling and rapid heating is effectively reduced. Provides an effective solution for laser cladding preset composite nano coating.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a laser cladding method for a multilayer composite nano coating, which solve the problems that nano powder is not easy to attach, a cladding layer is not compact enough, and a preset coating is easy to fall off in the preparation process of the nano cladding coating; provides an effective solution for the preparation of the nano coating and the processing of the nano coating. The ultrasonic ranging device structurally comprises an ultrasonic gun, an infrared ranging module, a mechanical vibration platform and the like, and has the following beneficial effects: the device comprises a base body, a powder layer is prefabricated on the base body before laser cladding begins, the powder is uniformly paved on the base body through an ultrasonic gun and a mechanical vibration platform, the thickness of the powder layer is detected through an infrared distance measurement module, a heating roller is used for compacting the powder layer, a magnetic field and the ultrasonic gun are used for refining a cladding layer crystal and reducing the stress of the cladding layer in the laser cladding process, the roller is used for following a laser cladding track in the cladding process, the cladding layer is compacted when the cladding layer is not completely cooled, the compactness of the cladding layer is improved, a heating rod is further included, real-time temperature control is carried out on the base body, and the overhigh residual stress caused by rapid cooling and rapid heating is effectively reduced. Provides an effective solution for laser cladding preset composite nano coating.
(II) technical scheme
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a laser cladding device of multilayer composite nano coating is characterized in that:
including ultrasonic gun controlling means: the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
an ultrasonic gun: the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover: the device is used for closing the device body and preventing splashing;
a powder feeding pipe: for conveying nanopowders;
the infrared distance measurement module: used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot pressing and rolling: for compacting the pre-set powder;
and (3) melting coating layer rolling: after cladding, further compacting a cladding layer, refining crystals and reducing cracks and holes;
a lifting device: the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet: generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating a rod: preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
a mechanical vibration platform: used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
the device main part: the device is used for installing each part and preventing powder from splashing.
Furthermore, the powder feeding pipe is arranged on two sides of the device main body, the hot pressing roller and the cladding layer roller are arranged below the powder feeding pipe, and iron sheets are arranged at outlets of the two rollers to prevent powder sputtering.
Further, the magnets are arranged below the two rollers and on two sides of the device main body; the heating rod is arranged at the bottom of the device main body.
Furthermore, the lifting device is arranged below the inner part of the device main body, the base body is prevented from being arranged above the lifting device, and the thickness of the powder layer is controlled by the lifting device.
Further, the ultrasonic gun is embedded in the top cover of the device, and the infrared ranging module is installed below the top cover of the device.
Further, the device body is mounted on a mechanical vibration platform.
Further, a laser cladding method of the multilayer composite nano coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
including ultrasonic gun controlling means: the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
an ultrasonic gun: the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover: the device is used for closing the device body and preventing splashing;
a powder feeding pipe: for conveying nanopowders;
the infrared distance measurement module: used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot pressing and rolling: for compacting the pre-set powder;
and (3) melting coating layer rolling: after cladding, further compacting a cladding layer, refining crystals and reducing cracks and holes;
a lifting device: the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet: generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating a rod: preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
a mechanical vibration platform: used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
the device main part: the device is used for mounting each part and preventing powder from splashing;
also comprises the following steps:
step 10: opening an upper cover of the device, placing the substrate on a lifting device, controlling the lifting device to adjust the powder spreading thickness, and starting a heating rod to preheat the substrate;
step 20: starting a powder feeding device to start powder paving, detecting the height of the powder through an infrared distance measuring device, stopping the powder feeding after the powder reaches the required height, starting a mechanical vibration platform, a hot pressing roller and an ultrasonic gun, paving and compacting the powder, detecting whether the compacted powder layer reaches the preset height through the infrared distance measuring device, entering step 30 if the compacted powder layer reaches the preset height, and otherwise, repeating step 20;
step 30: closing the mechanical vibration platform, opening a top cover of the device, starting laser cladding, starting a cladding layer roller in the cladding process, compacting the cladding layer, and generating a magnetic field by a magnet to assist laser cladding;
step 40: after the first cladding layer is cladded, closing the upper cover of the device and opening the ultrasonic gun to reduce the residual stress of the cladding layer; after the operation of the ultrasonic gun is finished, adjusting the lifting device, controlling the thickness of the second cladding layer, and repeating the step 20 and the step 30 until the cladding of the multiple layers of nano coatings is finished;
step 50: and after the cladding work is finished, closing the upper cover of the device, controlling the heating rod to gradually cool at the speed of 20 ℃ every 5 minutes until the room temperature is reached, and finishing the processing.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a laser cladding device and a method of a multilayer composite nano coating, and discloses a laser cladding device and a method of a multilayer composite nano coating, belonging to the field of laser cladding molten pool temperature monitoring and realizing high-precision temperature detection in the laser cladding process so as to better control the molten pool temperature and research on a thermal mechanism in the industry; provides an advanced and effective solution for the heat mechanism research and the temperature field condition in the laser cladding process. The structure of the device comprises an adjustable bracket, a multispectral temperature measurement module, a laser temperature measurement module and the like, and the device has the following beneficial effects: the multispectral camera and the laser temperature measurement module are used for measuring the temperature of the molten pool in real time in the laser cladding process, and the multispectral temperature measurement technology and the laser-induced fluorescence temperature measurement technology have the characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution, quick response time and better robustness. In the cladding process, an upper and lateral temperature time domain change curve of a cladding molten pool is established according to the multispectral temperature measurement module and the laser temperature measurement module, the molten pool temperature in the cladding process is accurately detected, and an effective solution is provided for temperature field change control in the laser cladding process.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises an ultrasonic gun control device (1), an ultrasonic gun (2), a device top cover (3), a powder feeding pipe (4), an infrared distance measuring module (5), a hot pressing roller (6), a cladding layer roller (7), a lifting device (8), a magnet (9), a heating rod (10), a mechanical vibration platform (11), a powder layer (12), a base body (13) and a device main body (14).
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a laser cladding apparatus for multilayer composite nano-coating is characterized in that:
including ultrasonic gun controlling means: the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
an ultrasonic gun: the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover: the device is used for closing the device body and preventing splashing;
a powder feeding pipe: for conveying nanopowders;
the infrared distance measurement module: used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot pressing and rolling: for compacting the pre-set powder;
and (3) melting coating layer rolling: after cladding, further compacting a cladding layer, refining crystals and reducing cracks and holes;
a lifting device: the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet: generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating a rod: preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
a mechanical vibration platform: used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
the device main part: the device is used for installing each part and preventing powder from splashing.
The powder feeding pipe is arranged on two sides of the device main body, the hot pressing roller and the cladding layer roller are arranged below the powder feeding pipe, and iron sheets are arranged at outlets of the two rollers to prevent powder sputtering.
The magnets are arranged below the two rollers and on two sides of the device main body; the heating rod is arranged at the bottom of the device main body.
The lifting device is arranged below the inner part of the device main body, the base body is prevented above the lifting device, and the thickness of the powder layer is controlled through the lifting device.
Wherein, the ultrasonic gun is inlayed in the device top cap, and infrared ranging module installs in device top cap below.
Wherein the device body is mounted on a mechanical vibration platform.
The laser cladding method of the multilayer composite nano coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
including ultrasonic gun controlling means: the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
an ultrasonic gun: the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover: the device is used for closing the device body and preventing splashing;
a powder feeding pipe: for conveying nanopowders;
the infrared distance measurement module: used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot pressing and rolling: for compacting the pre-set powder;
and (3) melting coating layer rolling: after cladding, further compacting a cladding layer, refining crystals and reducing cracks and holes;
a lifting device: the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet: generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating a rod: preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
a mechanical vibration platform: used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
the device main part: the device is used for mounting each part and preventing powder from splashing;
also comprises the following steps:
step 10: opening an upper cover of the device, placing the substrate on a lifting device, controlling the lifting device to adjust the powder spreading thickness, and starting a heating rod to preheat the substrate;
step 20: starting a powder feeding device to start powder paving, detecting the height of the powder through an infrared distance measuring device, stopping the powder feeding after the powder reaches the required height, starting a mechanical vibration platform, a hot pressing roller and an ultrasonic gun, paving and compacting the powder, detecting whether the compacted powder layer reaches the preset height through the infrared distance measuring device, entering step 30 if the compacted powder layer reaches the preset height, and otherwise, repeating step 20;
step 30: closing the mechanical vibration platform, opening a top cover of the device, starting laser cladding, starting a cladding layer roller in the cladding process, compacting the cladding layer, and generating a magnetic field by a magnet to assist laser cladding;
step 40: after the first cladding layer is cladded, closing the upper cover of the device and opening the ultrasonic gun to reduce the residual stress of the cladding layer; after the operation of the ultrasonic gun is finished, adjusting the lifting device, controlling the thickness of the second cladding layer, and repeating the step 20 and the step 30 until the cladding of the multiple layers of nano coatings is finished;
step 50: and after the cladding work is finished, closing the upper cover of the device, controlling the heating rod to gradually cool at the speed of 20 ℃ every 5 minutes until the room temperature is reached, and finishing the processing.
The working principle is as follows:
if 80% of nickel-based alloy powder and 20% of nano BN powder need to be clad, arranging an ultrasonic gun: 5-20kHz, mechanical vibration platform: 100 times/min to 3000 times/min, laser power: 1000-: 1-10mm/s, powder spreading thickness: 1-5mm, powder feeding flow: 1400-: 0-20 cm. Opening an upper cover of the device, placing the substrate on a lifting device, controlling the lifting device to adjust the powder spreading thickness, and starting a heating rod to preheat the substrate; starting a powder feeding device to start powder paving, detecting the height of the powder through an infrared distance measuring device, stopping the powder feeding after the powder reaches the required height, starting a mechanical vibration platform, a hot pressing roller and an ultrasonic gun, paving and compacting the powder, detecting whether the compacted powder layer reaches the preset height through an infrared distance measuring device, if so, carrying out the next step, otherwise, repeating the powder paving step; closing the mechanical vibration platform, opening a top cover of the device, starting laser cladding, starting a cladding layer roller in the cladding process, compacting the cladding layer, and generating a magnetic field by a magnet to assist laser cladding; after the cladding of the first cladding layer is finished, closing the upper cover of the device and opening the ultrasonic gun to reduce the residual stress of the cladding layer; after the work of the ultrasonic gun is finished, adjusting the lifting device, controlling the thickness of the second cladding layer, and repeating the steps until the cladding of the multiple layers of nano coatings is finished; and after the cladding work is finished, closing the upper cover of the device, controlling the heating rod to gradually cool at the speed of 20 ℃ every 5 minutes until the room temperature is reached, and finishing the processing.
The invention realizes high-precision temperature detection in the laser cladding process, thereby better controlling the temperature of a molten pool and researching a thermal mechanism in the industry; an advanced and effective solution is provided for the heat mechanism research and the temperature field condition in the laser cladding process. The structure of the device comprises an adjustable support, a multispectral temperature measurement module, a laser temperature measurement module and the like, wherein a multispectral camera and the laser temperature measurement module are used for measuring the temperature of a molten pool in the laser cladding process in real time, and the multispectral temperature measurement technology and the laser-induced fluorescence temperature measurement technology have the characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution, quick response time and better robustness. In the cladding process, an upper side and side temperature time domain change curve of a cladding molten pool is established according to the multispectral temperature measurement module and the laser temperature measurement module, the molten pool temperature in the cladding process is accurately detected, and an effective solution is provided for temperature field change control in the laser cladding process.
The control mode of the invention is controlled by manually starting and closing the switch, the wiring diagram of the power element and the supply of the power source belong to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting the mechanical device, so the control mode and the wiring arrangement are not explained in detail in the invention.
The control mode of the invention is automatically controlled by the controller, the control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming of the technicians in the field, the supply of the power supply also belongs to the common knowledge in the field, and the invention is mainly used for protecting mechanical devices, so the control mode and the circuit connection are not explained in detail in the invention.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles of the invention and its essential features and advantages, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments, but is capable of other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description of the embodiments is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1. A laser cladding device of multilayer composite nano coating is characterized in that:
comprises an ultrasonic gun control device (1): the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
ultrasonic gun (2): the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover (3): for closing the device body (14) against splashing;
powder feeding pipe (4): for conveying nanopowders;
infrared distance measurement module (5): used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot-pressing roll (6): for compacting the pre-set powder;
cladding layer roll (7): after cladding, the cladding layer is further compacted, crystals are refined, and cracks and holes are reduced;
lifting device (8): the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet (9): generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating rod (10): preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
mechanical vibration platform (11): used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
device main body (14): the device is used for installing each part and preventing powder from splashing.
2. The laser cladding apparatus of the multilayer composite nano-coating of claim 1, characterized in that: the powder feeding pipe (4) is arranged on two sides of the device main body (14), the hot pressing roller (6) and the cladding layer roller (7) are arranged below the powder feeding pipe, and iron sheets are arranged at outlets of the two rollers to prevent powder sputtering.
3. The laser cladding apparatus of the multilayer composite nano-coating of claim 1, characterized in that: the magnets (9) are arranged below the two rollers and on two sides of the device main body (14); the heating rod (10) is arranged at the bottom of the device main body (14).
4. The laser cladding apparatus of the multilayer composite nano-coating of claim 1, characterized in that: the lifting device (8) is arranged below the inner part of the device main body (14), a base body (13) is prevented above the lifting device, and the thickness of the powder layer (12) is controlled through the lifting device (8).
5. The laser cladding apparatus of the multilayer composite nano-coating of claim 1, characterized in that: ultrasonic gun (2) are inlayed in device top cap (3), and infrared ranging module (5) are installed in device top cap (3) below.
6. The laser cladding apparatus of the multilayer composite nano-coating of claim 1, characterized in that: the device body (14) is mounted on a mechanical vibration platform (11).
7. A laser cladding method of a multilayer composite nano coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
comprises an ultrasonic gun control device (1): the ultrasonic gun is used for controlling working parameters of the ultrasonic gun;
ultrasonic gun (2): the device is used for exciting the acoustic wave to assist the nano powder to be uniformly paved on a matrix and reducing the residual stress of a cladding layer after cladding;
device top cover (3): for closing the device body (14) against splashing;
powder feeding pipe (4): for conveying nanopowders;
infrared distance measurement module (5): used for monitoring the powder spreading thickness;
hot-pressing roll (6): for compacting the pre-set powder;
cladding layer roll (7): after cladding, the cladding layer is further compacted, crystals are refined, and cracks and holes are reduced;
lifting device (8): the height and powder spreading thickness of the multilayer processing are adjusted;
magnet (9): generating a magnetic field in the cladding process to assist cladding;
heating rod (10): preheating the substrate and drying in the device;
mechanical vibration platform (11): used for assisting the nano powder layer to be uniformly distributed above the matrix;
device main body (14): the device is used for mounting each part and preventing powder from splashing;
also comprises the following steps:
step 10: opening an upper cover (3) of the device, placing a base body (13) on a lifting device (8), controlling the lifting device (8) to adjust the powder spreading thickness, and starting a heating rod (10) to preheat the base body;
step 20: starting a powder feeding device (4) to lay powder, detecting the height of the powder through an infrared distance measuring device (5), stopping feeding the powder after the powder reaches the required height, starting a mechanical vibration platform (11), a hot pressing roller (6) and an ultrasonic gun (2), laying and compacting the powder, detecting whether a compacted powder layer (12) reaches a preset height through the infrared distance measuring device (2), if so, entering a step 30, and otherwise, repeating the step 20;
step 30: closing the mechanical vibration platform (11), opening the device top cover (3), starting laser cladding, starting a cladding layer roller (7) in the cladding process, compacting the cladding layer, and generating a magnetic field by the magnet (9) to assist the laser cladding;
step 40: after the first cladding layer is cladded, closing the upper cover (3) of the device and starting the ultrasonic gun (2) to reduce the residual stress of the cladding layer; after the ultrasonic gun (2) works, adjusting the lifting device, controlling the thickness of the second cladding layer, and repeating the step 20 and the step 30 until the cladding of the multiple layers of nano coatings is finished;
step 50: and after the cladding work is finished, closing the upper cover (3) of the device, controlling the heating rod (10) to gradually cool at the speed of 20 ℃ every 5 minutes until the room temperature, and finishing the processing.
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