CN105252135B - A kind of device and method with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal - Google Patents

A kind of device and method with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105252135B
CN105252135B CN201510738112.1A CN201510738112A CN105252135B CN 105252135 B CN105252135 B CN 105252135B CN 201510738112 A CN201510738112 A CN 201510738112A CN 105252135 B CN105252135 B CN 105252135B
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metal
high rigidity
soft metal
welding
rigidity metal
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CN105252135A (en
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周琦
王春桂
朱军
彭勇
黄�俊
杨立
夏浩
周红云
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/1215Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18Sheet panels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12Copper or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of device and method with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which includes a power device, and high rigidity metal can be made to rotate and give pressure;The welding ends away from high rigidity metal is arranged in one load coil, and is connected in power device;And one be covered with layers of copper cooling device, soft metal is placed in the layers of copper;The present invention is preheated by high rigidity metal, the dual measure of soft metal cooling, realizes that the metal rigidity and soft state in high rigidity metal and soft metal friction weld deposit process control;Continuity and controllability are good in the welding process for the device, and work efficiency is high, long service life.

Description

A kind of device and method with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal
Technical field:
The invention belongs to Solid-phase welding field, especially a kind of device with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal And method
Background technique
Friction surfacing is a kind of to make metal connection partial zones be in hot plastic state using frictional heat to realize that welding/weldering is deposited Advanced metalworking technology, friction surfacing have many advantages, such as low energy consumption, pollution-free high-efficient rate, the good surface abrasion resistance of processing quality, resist The metal of corrosion can apply technology with friction welding (FW) to obtain without dilution, in conjunction with the high weldering coating of integrality, friction surfacing skill Art has a extensive future in terms of the manufacture of wearing piece and reparation, and friction surfacing technology is not limited to welding technology field, can also be wide It is general to widen its application range, have in terms of the rolling part that rubs quickly manufactures, prepared by composition metal and metal recycles Huge potentiality to be exploited.
The method of the soft metal of high rigidity replating at present also rarely has research, there is foreign scholar M.CHANDRASEKARAN is in the experiment of mild steel friction surfacing aluminium alloy, using before steel and aluminium friction surfacing, first It allows mild steel to soften mild steel with mild steel friction, allows mild steel and aluminium friction again then to realize rubbing for mild steel and aluminium Wipe built-up welding.This method can be realized preheats high rigidity metal for the first time, can make high rigidity metal softening in advance, realizes different Welding between hard metal, but the high-temperature duration of this method is shorter, subsequent cannot continue through frictionally heats, and It cannot achieve continuous built-up welding, and inadequate in preparatory friction softening, being easy, which makes steel become milling cutter, mills out a groove aluminium, this Kind method cannot achieve the accurate control of temperature and waste material, low efficiency.
M.J.R.Stegmueller scholar uses load coil heating rod iron in the experiment of steel friction surfacing aluminium to be made Steel softening carries out friction surfacing again, and the welding of aluminum steel may be implemented in this method, but it is unable to accurately control the temperature of rod iron, And without the temperature device of cooling aluminium sheet, so that it uses thick aluminium sheet to prevent rod iron aluminium sheet mill off.
Harbin Institute of Technology's Zhang Hongtao differs biggish aluminium-steel to hardness using CMT welding-braze method and is ground Study carefully, aluminium/galvanized steel plain sheet CMT welding-braze lap joint Interface Microstructure analysis shows, joint interface is mainly by two class difference chemical combination Object phase composition is proximate to steel side Fe in homogeneous thickness respectively2Al5The FeAl of phase and close aluminum side gill shape3Phase illustrates this biography The fusion welding method of system can not prevent the generation of aluminum steel intermetallic compound and will form brittlement phase.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of device and methods of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal.
The present invention is to provide the technical solution that the device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal a kind of provides to be:
A kind of device with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal includes:
Power device can make high rigidity metal rotate and give pressure;
One load coil is passed through by high rigidity metal, and the welding ends 15mm-25mm away from high rigidity metal is arranged in Place, and be connected in power device;Load coil does not rotate power device with power device when rotating at high speed;
And one be covered with layers of copper cooling device, layers of copper on place soft metal;
Wherein, in warm-up phase, high rigidity metal is contactless with soft metal and is displaced without horizontal direction;Add in friction Hot stage, power device make high rigidity metal contact with soft metal but be displaced without horizontal direction;In the friction surfacing stage, Power device contacts high rigidity metal with soft metal and linear movement occurs in the horizontal direction.
High rigidity metal can be bar, and length is 75mm~200mm, and diameter is 15mm~30mm, and soft metal can be Plate, the copper layer thickness covered thereon are 5mm.
It is 30MPa that the power device, which can provide maximum pressure, and the maximum weld speed provided is 200mm/min, maximum Revolving speed is 1500r/min.
Preferably, which can be arranged on the table, and power device is equipped with controller.
Temperature sensor is equipped on load coil.The load coil is using mid-frequency induction heating electricity Source, load coil use the heating power supply that frequency is 20KW for 20kHz, power, can be according to different high rigidity metals Plastic temperature value adjusts temperature under the conditions of outside is heated and frictionally heats dual-heated, prevents metal superheat and temperature inadequate.
Cooling device is equipped in the horizontal direction can be by the through-hole of cooling medium.The coolant temperature being passed through is at -5 DEG C ~10 DEG C, speed is adjustable between 1m/min~3m/min.By the cooling medium of flowing to which cooling soft metal makes it Keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient
Preferably, soft metal is limited by setting compact heap to be subjected to displacement.
Preferably, difference of hardness HV > 30 of high rigidity metal and soft metal (4)
Based on above-mentioned apparatus, the present invention provides a kind of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal process, including specific Steps are as follows:
Step (1), starting load coil heats high rigidity metal latter end, when being heated to preheating temperature T, induction The heating power supply of heating coil can be automatically cut off the power;The temperature range of the preheating temperature T is T1< preheating temperature T < T2;It is described T1For the 90% soft plastic deformation temperature range upper limit, T2For the plastic temperature section upper limit of high rigidity metal;
Step (2), cooling device are passed through temperature in -5 DEG C~10 DEG C of cooling medium, are passed through speed in 1m/min~3m/ Between min;
Step (3) contacts high rigidity metal with soft metal, is 500r/min~1200r/min, pressure in revolving speed To drive high rigidity metal and soft metal phase to friction of rest under conditions of 1MPa~50MPa;
Step (4), when high rigidity metal latter end reaches plastic temperature, while in the water of 10mm/min~200mm/min Under flat welded speed, driving high rigidity metal and the relative motion of soft metal make the plastic metal heap of high rigidity metal end It is welded on soft metal and forms continuous overlay cladding.
The present invention has the advantages that following significant compared with the existing technology:
1, the present invention preheated by high rigidity metal, soft metal cooling dual measure, realize high rigidity metal and Metal rigidity and soft state control in soft metal friction weld deposit process;2, by control different heating temperature to Expand the range of choice between high rigidity metal and soft metal;3, Method of Limited Dilution rate and its range-controllable can reduce difference The intermetallic compound of metal Solid-phase welding;4, the continuous controllability of welding process is good, and load coil heating efficiency is high, uses Induction heating can be evenly heated circular bar, and heating process is stablized, and controllability is good.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal device of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the friction surfacing effect picture of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the faying face surface sweeping electron microscope of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is the SEM line scan element relative amount figure of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 2;
Fig. 5 is the effect picture of the friction surfacing of the A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper in embodiment 3.
1: workbench;2: water cooling plant;3: copper sheet;4: soft metal;5: compact heap;6: high rigidity metal;7: induction Heating device;8: power device.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of device of high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, comprising: power device 8 can make High rigidity metal 6 rotates and gives pressure;
High rigidity metal 6 is arranged in load coil 7, and load coil 7 is connected in power device 8;To height Hard metal uses special external induction heating apparatus, and the local heating of metal may be implemented, and only heats the end of metal, Guarantee to guarantee the rigidity of metal top point to guarantee the pressure during friction surfacing while metal locally generates softening Power;
And one be covered with layers of copper cooling device 2, layers of copper on place soft metal 4;
Wherein, in the preproduction phase, high rigidity metal 6 is contactless with soft metal 4 and is displaced without horizontal direction;It is rubbing Heating period, power device 8 make high rigidity metal 6 contact with soft metal 4 but be displaced without horizontal direction;In friction surfacing Stage, power device 8 contact high rigidity metal 6 with soft metal 4 and linear movement occur in the horizontal direction.
The friction welding apparatuses are arranged on workbench 1, and power device 8 is equipped with controller.
Temperature sensor is equipped on load coil 7.The load coil 7 is using mid-frequency induction heating electricity Source, load coil 7 use the heating power supply that frequency is 20KW for 20KHZ, power, can be according to different high rigidity metals 6 Plastic temperature value adjust temperature in outside heating and frictionally heat dual-heated under the conditions of, prevent metal superheat and temperature not It is enough.Temperature in welding process is measured and controlled, can control different heating for different metal heatings Temperature is to expand the range of choice between high rigidity metal 6 and soft metal 4.
Cooling device 2 is equipped in the horizontal direction can pass through the through-hole of cooling medium.It is limited by setting compact heap 5 low hard Degree metal 4 is subjected to displacement.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is prepared using above-mentioned apparatus, with A3 steel friction surfacing LY12 Al-alloy metal, the hardness of A3 steel For HV165, the hardness of LY12 aluminium alloy is HV120, and load coil 7 heats and controls the temperature of A3 steel at 500 DEG C -800 DEG C, LY12 aluminium alloy is fixed on water cooling plant 2, and water cooling plant 2 is fixed on workbench 1, and the size of A3 rod iron is in testThe size of LY12 aluminium sheet is 300mm*150mm*6mm, and specific step is as follows for welding process:
Step (1), starting load coil 7 set its heating frequency as 20kHz, adjust size of current and set its power For 15KW, A3 rod iron latter end is heated, the temperature of A3 rod iron is heated to 500 DEG C of preheating temperature by load coil.To A3 The preheating of rod iron latter end the rigidity of rod iron upper section is also able to maintain while playing preheating rod iron temperature to guarantee two kinds of metals it Between pressure, avoid steel integrally soften surrender and pressure can not be provided.
Step (2), cooling device 2 are passed through the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is 0 DEG C, speed 1m/ min.The cooling LY12 aluminium sheet of cooling water makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient;LY12 aluminium sheet keeps rigidity can be to avoid its quilt A3 rod iron milling, formation temperature gradient are the essential conditions that friction surfacing is realized.
Step (3) contacts A3 rod iron with LY12 aluminium sheet, and it is 800r/min, pressure 2MPa that power device, which provides revolving speed, A3 rod iron and the opposing stationary friction of LY12 aluminium sheet are driven, so that rod iron latter end is reached plastic temperature section and generates ductile bed.
Step (4), power device 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, and A3 rod iron is made to generate phase with LY12 aluminium sheet To movement, the plastic metal heap of A3 rod iron end is welded on LY12 aluminium sheet and forms continuous overlay cladding.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is prepared using above-mentioned apparatus, and with A3 steel friction surfacing T2 fine copper, the hardness of A3 steel is HV165, The hardness of T2 fine copper is HV68, and load coil 7 heats and controls the temperature of A3 steel at 800 DEG C -1000 DEG C, and T2 copper is fixed on On water cooling plant 2, water cooling plant 2 is fixed on workbench 1, and the size of A3 rod iron is in testThe size of T2 copper sheet For 300*150*6mm, specific step is as follows for welding process:
Step (1), starting load coil 7 set its heating frequency as 20kHz, adjust size of current and set its power For 20KW, A3 steel latter end is heated, by the temperature of A3 steel be heated to 800 DEG C of of preheating temperature to the preheating of A3 steel latter end play it is pre- It is able to maintain the rigidity of A3 steel upper section while hot steel temperature also to guarantee the pressure between two kinds of metals, avoids high rigidity metal Whole softening is surrendered and can not provide pressure.
Step (2), cooling device 2 are passed through the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is -5 DEG C, and speed is 2m/min.The cooling T2 copper of cooling water makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient;T2 copper keeps rigidity can be to avoid it by A3 steel Milling, formation temperature gradient are the essential conditions that friction surfacing is realized.
Step (3) contacts A3 rod iron with T2 copper sheet, and it is 1200r/min that power device 8, which provides revolving speed, and pressure is 3.5MPa driving A3 rod iron is opposing stationary with T2 copper sheet and rubs, rod iron latter end is made to reach plastic temperature section and generates plasticity Layer;
Step (4), power device 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, generate A3 rod iron and T2 copper sheet opposite Movement, the plastic metal heap of A3 rod iron end are welded on T2 copper sheet and form continuous overlay cladding.
As shown in Fig. 2, 800 DEG C of the welding parameter preheating temperature in the present embodiment, it is -5 DEG C that cooling water, which is passed through temperature, in advance Being passed through the time is 20min, and welding parameter when welding is revolving speed 1200r/min, pressure 3.5Mpa, speed of welding 80mm/ Min, under this welding parameter, the available good matching of the Temperature Matching of A3 rod iron and T2 copper sheet, the higher A3 steel of hardness Stick is in induction heating and frictionally heats and reaches mecystasis under combined heat, and the lower T2 copper sheet of hardness is in water cooling plant at this time Cooling under temperature reduction do not reach completely softening and by the state of A3 rod iron milling, and rod iron at this time with friction and sense It answers heating temperature to increase and constantly softens and reach mecystasis, and with the relative motion of A3 rod iron and T2 copper sheet and A3 rod iron With the temperature gradient of T2 copper sheet difference and be transitioned on T2 copper sheet, to form overlay cladding.
As shown in Figure 3,4, it by the SEM line scanning to combination interface, can be seen that at faying face from FeK line, For Fe element to steel side almost without diffusion, the content that equally can be seen that Cu elements diffusion to steel side from CuK line is also seldom.
From the scanning of this line as can be seen that the consumptive material friction welding (FW) of the present embodiment realizes that dilution rate may be implemented in the welding of dilution rate Welding.
Embodiment 3
The identical device of embodiment 2 and technique are used in the present embodiment, and the temperature of A3 steel is heated to preheating temperature replacement It is 500 DEG C.Specific step is as follows for welding process:
Step (1), starting load coil 7 heat A3 steel latter end, and the temperature of A3 steel is heated to preheating temperature 500 DEG C, the rigidity of steel upper section is able to maintain while playing preheating steel temperature also to guarantee between two kinds of metals to the preheating of steel latter end Pressure, avoid high rigidity metal integrally soften surrender and pressure can not be provided.
Step (2), cooling device 2 are passed through the cooling water of flowing by bottom through-hole, and water temperature is -5 DEG C, and speed is 2m/min.The cooling T2 copper of cooling water makes it keep rigidity and formation temperature gradient;T2 copper keeps rigidity can be to avoid it by A3 steel Milling, formation temperature gradient are the essential conditions that friction surfacing is realized.
Step (3) contacts A3 rod iron with T2 copper sheet, and it is 1200r/min that power device 8, which provides revolving speed, and pressure is 3.5MPa driving A3 rod iron is opposing stationary with T2 copper sheet and rubs, A3 rod iron latter end is made to reach plastic temperature section and generates plasticity Layer;
Step (4), power device 8 provide the horizontal speed of welding of 50mm/min, generate A3 rod iron and T2 copper sheet opposite Movement, the plastic metal heap of A3 rod iron end are welded on T2 copper sheet and form continuous overlay cladding.
Under this welding parameter, there are problems for the Temperature Matching of A3 steel and T2 copper, can be divided into two kinds of situations: (1) incude It heating and frictionally heats under combined heat, A3 rod iron temperature achieved can not be such that A3 rod iron softens and reach mecystasis, from And the T2 copper sheet milling of soft.(2) A3 rod iron has reached mecystasis, but T2 copper sheet is also up to plasticity at the same time State, and the mecystasis of T2 copper sheet at this time will be more than the mecystasis of A3 rod iron, T2 copper sheet still can be by A3 in this case Rod iron milling and be unable to complete welding.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of device with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that including
Power device (8) can make high rigidity metal (6) rotate and give pressure;
One load coil (7) is passed through by high rigidity metal (6), and is connected on power device (8);
And one be covered with layers of copper (3) cooling device (2), place soft metal (4) in the layers of copper (3);
Load coil (7) is equipped with temperature sensor;
Wherein, in warm-up phase, the high rigidity metal (6) is contactless with the soft metal (4) and without horizontal direction position It moves;In the stage that frictionally heats, the power device (8) connects the high rigidity metal (6) with the soft metal (4) It touches but is displaced without horizontal direction;In the friction surfacing stage, the power device (8) makes the high rigidity metal (6) and institute It states soft metal (4) contact and linear movement occurs in the horizontal direction.
2. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that induction At welding ends 15mm-25mm of the heating coil (7) away from high rigidity metal (6).
3. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that described Cooling device (2) in the horizontal direction be equipped with can pass through the through-hole of cooling medium.
4. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that described Load coil (7) use intermediate frequency induction heating power supply, load coil (7) uses the frequency to be for 20kHz, power The heating power supply of 20KW.
5. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that pass through Compact heap (5) limitation soft metal (4) is arranged to be subjected to displacement.
6. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that the dress Setting can be arranged on workbench (1).
7. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that described High rigidity metal (6) be bar, length is 75~200mm, and diameter is 15mm~30mm, and the soft metal (4) is Plate, the layers of copper (3) is with a thickness of 5mm.
8. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that described Power device (8) be equipped with controller.
9. the device according to claim 1 with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal, which is characterized in that described High rigidity metal and soft metal (4) difference of hardness HV > 30.
10. a kind of based on the described in any item devices with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal of claim 1-9 Method, which is characterized in that including specific step is as follows:
Step (1), high rigidity metal (6) latter end is heated in starting load coil (7), when being heated to preheating temperature T, sense Answering the heating power supply of heating coil (7) can automatically cut off the power;The temperature range of the preheating temperature T is T1< preheating temperature T < T2;The T1For 90% soft metal (4) plastic temperature section upper limit, T2For the plastic temperature section of high rigidity metal (6) The upper limit;
Step (2), cooling device (2) are passed through temperature in -5 DEG C~10 DEG C of cooling medium, are passed through speed in 1m/min~3m/ Between min;
Step (3) contacts high rigidity metal (6) with soft metal, is 500r/min~1200r/min, pressure in revolving speed To drive high rigidity metal (6) and soft metal (4) opposing stationary friction under conditions of 1MPa~50MPa;
Step (4), when high rigidity metal (6) latter end reaches plastic temperature, while in the level of 10mm/min~200mm/min Under speed of welding, driving high rigidity metal (6) and soft metal (4) relative motion make the plasticity of high rigidity metal (6) end Replating is on soft metal (4) and forms continuous overlay cladding.
CN201510738112.1A 2015-11-03 2015-11-03 A kind of device and method with high rigidity metal friction built-up welding soft metal Active CN105252135B (en)

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CN110508975A (en) * 2019-08-26 2019-11-29 中国矿业大学 The selective overlaying method and device of rich chromium cast iron wear-resistant coating

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DE102017221646A1 (en) 2017-12-01 2019-06-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for rotary friction welding of parts to be joined
CN109317815A (en) * 2018-11-09 2019-02-12 南京航空航天大学 A kind of method agitating friction weldering welder and welded using the device

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