CN103088336B - Laser cladding method for roller - Google Patents
Laser cladding method for roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN103088336B CN103088336B CN201310033449.3A CN201310033449A CN103088336B CN 103088336 B CN103088336 B CN 103088336B CN 201310033449 A CN201310033449 A CN 201310033449A CN 103088336 B CN103088336 B CN 103088336B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cladding method for a roller, which comprises the following steps of: providing a roller; preheating the roller so as to keep the surface of the roller at a first predetermined temperature; performing laser cladding on a coating material on the surface of the preheated roller to form a cladding layer; keeping the surface of the roller at a second predetermined temperature in the laser cladding process, wherein the second predetermined temperature is lower than the first predetermined temperature, and the temperature difference does not exceed 50 DEG C; and performing thermal insulation and slow cooling treatment on the roller after laser cladding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser cladding method, particularly relate to a kind of laser cladding method being applied to roll.
Background technology
Laser melting coating starts from 20 century 70s, and be a kind of novel material surface processing technology, it utilizes laser as the energy, cladding material is preset at substrate material surface and forms wear-resistant coating.
High speed wire rod roller is the important tool of wire production, and traditional high speed wire rod roller adopts cemented carbide powder to sinter collars into, forms roll with roller bearing by mechanical bond.China is output of steel the first in the world for years, and wherein output wire accounts for 17.9% of iron and steel ultimate production.Annual production wire rod requirement consumes hundreds of ton carbide roll ring.When breaking when collars or exceed standard because of abrasion size, collars will be scrapped, and causes the waste of a large amount of noble metal.
Utilize laser melting and coating technique to carry out Roller Machining, compare with traditional process for treating surface (as: plasma spraying, built-up welding etc.), have thinning ratio little, heat input little, workpiece deformation is little, interface cohesion is the advantages such as metallurgical binding.
In prior art, when larger-size roller surface carries out laser melting coating, because the rapid heating in laser cladding process and quick cooled and solidified, thermal stresses are large, cladding layer very easily cracks.And prior art also more difficultly forms high rigidity at large-sized roller surface, compared with heavy thickness and the laser cladding layer of densification.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of and can form high rigidity, heavy thickness and the laser cladding method of fine and close cladding layer at roller surface.
Be applied to a laser cladding method for roll, comprise the following steps: a roll is provided; Roll described in pre-treatment is to remove the defect of roller surface; Pretreated roll described in preheating, makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature; The roller surface of coated material laser melting coating after described preheating is formed a cladding layer, in this laser cladding process, keep described roller surface at one second preset temperature, and the temperature difference is no more than 50 degrees Celsius; And the roll after laser melting coating described in insulation slow cooling process.
Compared to prior art, what the embodiment of the present invention provided is applied to the laser cladding method of roll owing to adopting above-mentioned heat treatment process, thus (1) can obtain the high-quality fine and close refinement microstructure of surface cladding layer without shortcoming, and cladding layer alloying constituent and stable and reliable for performance; (2) can realize the cladding processing of the big area of high hardness material, multilayer, cladding layer thickness reaches 35 millimeters, and cladding area is more than 4 square meters, and layer hardness can reach HRC60-65 standard; (3) production efficiency is high, and power consumption is few.Described coated material clinkering efficiency reaches 17.5 Qian Ke ∕ hour, and the more traditional overlaying method of energy consumption can reduce 50%; (4) process controllability is good, and labour intensity is low, easily is automated production; (5), after the roll that the present invention repairs uses on the machine, steel transportation amount improves more than 2.2 times, and the reduction more than 30% of roller consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The schema of what Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention provided the be applied to laser cladding method of roll.
The structure function block diagram being applied to the temperature control unit used in the laser cladding method of roll that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The structure schematic side view being applied to casing in the temperature control unit used in the laser cladding method of roll that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 for the embodiment of the present invention provide be applied to temperature control box in the temperature control unit used in the laser cladding method of roll face structural representation.
The structural representation being applied to well heater in the temperature control unit used in the laser cladding method of roll that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The structural representation of the laser cladding apparatus that the laser cladding method that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention adopts.
Fig. 7 carries out the enlarged diagram of laser melting coating for employing Fig. 7 laser cladding apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Fig. 8 is the metallographic microstructure photo of the cladding layer that the embodiment of the present invention 1 laser melting coating is made.
Fig. 9 is the metallographic microstructure photo of the cladding layer that the embodiment of the present invention 2 laser melting coating is made
Main element nomenclature
| Laser cladding apparatus | 20 |
| Laser apparatus | 1 |
| Slide rail | 2 |
| Robot | 3 |
| Optical fiber | 4 |
| Roll | 5 |
| Roller frame | 6 |
| Worktable | 7 |
| Cladding processing head | 8 |
| Gravity powder feed system | 9 |
| Cladding layer | 10 |
| Powder-feeding nozzle | 11 |
| Laser molten pool | 12 |
| Temperature control unit | 100 |
| Temperature control box | 110 |
| Casing | 120 |
| Sub-box unit | 120’ |
| Concatenation unit wall | 121 |
| Side cover | 122 |
| Lower end cap | 1221 |
| Top end cap | 1222 |
| Upper cover | 123 |
| Opening | 1231 |
| Infrared providing holes | 1232 |
| Thermal resistance providing holes | 1233 |
| Bracket | 1234 |
| Unit cover | 124 |
| Cylinder | 125 |
| Well heater | 130 |
| Temperature controller | 210 |
| Temperature collect module | 220 |
| Infrared thermometer | 222 |
| Thermal rsistance sensors | 224 |
| Multi-way switch | 230 |
| Controller | 240 |
| Communication module | 250 |
| Display load module | 260 |
Following embodiment will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Below with reference to the laser cladding method being applied to roll that the accompanying drawing detailed description embodiment of the present invention provides.
Refer to Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of laser cladding method being applied to roll, comprises the following steps:
S1, provides a roll;
S2, roll described in pre-treatment is to remove the defect of roller surface;
S3, pretreated roll described in preheating, makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature;
S4, the roller surface of coated material laser melting coating after described preheating is formed a cladding layer, in this laser cladding process, keeps described roller surface at one second preset temperature, wherein, described second preset temperature is lower than described first preset temperature, and the temperature difference is no more than 50 degrees Celsius; And
S5, the roll after laser melting coating described in insulation slow cooling process.
In above-mentioned steps S2, described pre-treatment comprise described roller surface is existed corrosion, sand holes, the removal such as crackle and fatigue layer.The mode of described removal can be mechanical cutting, as turning.In addition, be appreciated that described step S2 is optional step when described roll itself has preferable quality or has been pretreated roll.
In above-mentioned steps S3, described thermal pretreatment can improve the efficiency of post laser cladding, and can reduce the generation forming re-melt deposit welding.Described first preset temperature can be 320 degrees Celsius to 580 degrees Celsius.Preferably, described first preset temperature is 520 degrees Celsius to 580 degrees Celsius.More preferably, described first preset temperature is 550 degrees Celsius to 580 degrees Celsius.Heating rate during described thermal pretreatment can be 150 degrees Celsius/little of 250 degrees Celsius/hour.
Described thermal pretreatment can for making the whole surface of roll remain on described first preset temperature to the overall preheating of this roll, or carry out subregion preheating to described roll and remain on described first preset temperature to make the whole surface of roll.The embodiment of the present invention have employed the temperature-controlled process described roll being carried out to subregion preheating, and the method comprises the following steps:
S31, is divided into multiple section by described roll;
S32, the temperature of roll in each section of Real-time Collection; And
S33, according to the temperature in each section of the roll collected, roll in each region of dynamic adjustments, makes the temperature of roll in each region all remain on described first preset temperature.
Refer to Fig. 2, this temperature-controlled process can be realized by a temperature control unit 100.This temperature control unit 100 comprises temperature control box 110 and a temperature controller 210.
Described temperature control box 110 comprises a casing 120 and multiple well heater 130.Described casing 120 is for placing roll.This casing 120 comprises multiple sub-box unit 120 ' that can mutually splice.The quantity of the plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' can increase according to the size of described roll or reduce.
See also Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, described casing 120 can comprise multiple described sub-box unit 120 ', two side covers 122, and a upper cover 123.Described sub-box unit 120 ' can be holistic trough body structure.In addition, described sub-box unit 120 ' also may further include multiple concatenation unit wall 121, and the plurality of concatenation unit wall 121 is spliced into this trough body structure mutually.
Described multiple sub-box unit 120 ' is spliced along described roll footage direction, makes the extension of this casing.Described two side covers 122 are oppositely arranged, and are connected with the sub-box unit 120 ' of described casing 120 length direction both sides respectively, and described upper cover 123 covers the opening of the plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' trough body structure.The plurality of sub-box unit 120 ', two side covers 122 and a upper cover 123 form the cabinet space of accommodating described roll jointly.Each side cover 122 can comprise lower end cap 1221 and a top end cap 1222 further.
Described upper cover 123 can have opening 1231, infrared providing holes 1232, thermal resistance providing holes 1233 and a bracket 1234 further.Described bracket 1234 near described infrared providing holes 1232, and is arranged on the outside surface of described upper cover 123.
Described opening 1231 is as the window of laser melting coating.Described opening 1231 is arranged a unit cover 124, be used for opening or cover described opening 1231.Described casing 120 comprises a cylinder 125 further and is arranged on described upper cover 123.Described cylinder 125 has a piston rod and is connected with described unit cover 124, is used for driving this unit cover 124.In addition, described cylinder 125 also can be used to open and close described upper cover.In addition, described upper cover 123 also can arrange multiple described opening 1231.And the corresponding setting identical with the quantity of described sub-box unit 120 ' of the quantity of described opening.When having multiple opening, be interconnected between described opening, thus in the process of described laser melting coating, the laser melting coating head for cladding can be next at roller surface formation cladding layer along moving axially of described roll.
Described multiple well heater 130 is disposed on the inwall of described casing 120, and is uniformly distributed in described multiple sub-box unit 120 '.One or more described well heater 130 can be provided with in every sub-box unit 120 '.Described well heater 130 is for heating described roll.Described well heater 130 and described roll shop building are every setting.By all arranging described well heater 130 in each described sub-box unit 120 ', the subregion local heating to described roll can be realized.Can work independently between the plurality of well heater 130.Also can carry out work according to predetermined rule between the plurality of well heater 130, work alone between well heater 130 as described in well heater 130 and even number as described in odd number.This well heater 130 can be electric heater.The shape of this well heater 130 is not limit, as can be the bar-shaped of linear, curved shape or fold-line-shaped or tubular structure.This well heater 130 can select the material of high heat conduction to make.When described well heater 130 is electric heater, the optional material getting electric heating conversion efficiency high of this well heater 130 is made.In the embodiment of the present invention, described well heater 130 is globars, and this globars is linear, and the arrangement in grid shape in described casing 120.Described globars is nonmetal high-temperature electric heat element, adopts high purity hexagonal carborundum to be that raw material is made through high temperature silication recrystallize sintering.This globars generates heat evenly and can be anti-oxidant and corrosion-resistant.In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, described casing 120 is divided into 5 sub-box unit 120 ', in each described sub-box unit 120 ', grid shape is placed with 48 rectilinear described globarss, the model of described globars is PH-139 type, the power of each described globars is about 1000 watts, temperature rating is 1200 degrees Celsius, and the length of each described globars is 1000 millimeters.
Described temperature controller 210 comprises temperature collect module 220, multi-way switch 230, controller 240, and communication module 250.
Described temperature collect module 220 is arranged in described casing 120, for monitoring the temperature of described roller surface.This temperature collect module 220 can be one or more.When described temperature controller 210 comprises this temperature collect module 220 multiple, preferably, each described temperature collect module 220 can be separately positioned in each described sub-box unit 120 ', thus can detect the local temperature of roll in every sub-box unit 120 ', and accuracy of detection is higher.When being provided with a temperature collect module 220 in described casing 120, described temperature collect module 220 can scan the roller surface in every sub-box unit 120 ' successively, and gathers the roller surface local temperature in every sub-box unit 120 ' simultaneously.
Temperature collect module 220 described in each can comprise infrared thermometer 222 and a thermal rsistance sensors 224.This infrared thermometer 222 and thermal rsistance sensors 224 can the local temperatures of roll described in independent detection.
Described infrared thermometer 222 has relative two ends, and one end is provided with an infrared probe, and this infrared probe is arranged in described infrared providing holes 1232, and the other end can be fixed on described bracket 1234.Preferably, described infrared probe is rotatable, thus can scan the temperature of each position of described roll.In the embodiment of the present invention, German IMPAC infrared heat instrument chosen by described infrared thermometer 222, and model is IPE 140, and this IPE 140 infrared heat instrument measurable temperature range under MB 10 pattern is 30 degrees Celsius to 1000 degrees Celsius.This IPE 140 infrared heat instrument is when lower than 400 degrees Celsius, and measuring accuracy can reach 2.5 degrees Celsius, and higher than 400 degrees Celsius, measuring accuracy can reach 4%+1 degree Celsius.This IPE 140 infrared heat instrument is digital, high-precision non-contact temperature measuring instrument, and wavelength region is 3 microns to 5 microns.In addition, this IPE 140 infrared heat instrument fast response time, the shortest time is 1.5 milliseconds, and can produce the hot spot of reduced size, and particularly, minimum spot size is 0.3 millimeter.This IPE 140 infrared heat instrument can mate mutually with multiple focusing lens.This IPE 140 infrared heat instrument is provided with button and display screen, for inputting the parameter needing to regulate, and shows the parameter arranged and the temperature measured in real time.This IPE 140 infrared heat instrument is provided with two communication interface RS232 and RS485, and these two communication interfaces can switch.
Described thermal rsistance sensors 224 is arranged in described thermal resistance providing holes 1233.Thermal rsistance sensors 224 described in the embodiment of the present invention is the detectable temperature range of platinum thermal resistance sensor (PT100), this PT100 is-200 degrees Celsius to 660 degrees Celsius, and measuring accuracy can reach 0.1 degree Celsius.In addition, thermal rsistance sensors 224 described in the embodiment of the present invention and described sub-box unit 120 ' one_to_one corresponding are arranged.Namely be provided with a thermal rsistance sensors 224 in every sub-box unit 120 ', detect the local temperature of roll in every sub-box unit 120 ' respectively.Described temperature controller 210 can comprise a sample circuit further, and this sample circuit can realize the multi-point sampling of described thermal rsistance sensors 224 to described roller surface temperature to monitor simultaneously.Sample circuit described in the embodiment of the present invention comprises a MUX and a multi-channel conversion circuit.Described multi-channel conversion circuit is connected between described thermal rsistance sensors 224 and described MUX.MUX described in the embodiment of the present invention is MPC508AU MUX.Described multi-channel conversion circuit is No. eight change-over circuits.
Described controller 240 receives the temperature information of described temperature collect module 220 collection by described communication module 250, and is carried out local heating by the well heater 130 that described multi-way switch 230 feeds back in one or more described sub-box unit 120 ' or be incubated described roll.Described controller 240 is preferably proportional-integral derivative controller (PID controller), to realize the temperature automatic adjustment of roller surface and accurately to control.Utilize described PID controller to carry out temperature control in the embodiment of the present invention, make roller surface temperature keep preferably laser melting coating temperature.Described PID controller setting heating rate remains on 20 degrees Celsius/point to 40 degrees Celsius/point.Described controller 240 can to described infrared thermometer 222 and the independent control of thermal rsistance sensors 224.Controller 240 described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts the STC89C54 chip of macrocrystalline company.
Described multi-way switch 230 is for being switched on or switched off described well heater 130 and described controller 240.This multi-way switch 240 comprises multiple switch, each switch can control each described well heater 130 respectively, or the multiple well heaters 130 controlled in each described sub-box unit 120 ', thus the surface temperature control to local roll in every sub-box unit 120 ' can be realized.Multi-way switch 230 described in the embodiment of the present invention is a solid state relay.The G3NB-240B-UTU of Omron (OMRON) chosen by solid state relay described in the embodiment of the present invention, and adopts ULN200a chip to drive this solid state relay.
Described communication module 250 comprises RS-485 circuit and analog-to-digital conversion module (A/D modular converter).The temperature detected is transferred to described controller 240 by described RS-485 circuit in the mode of bus arbitration by described infrared thermometer 222.The MAX 485 that the chip realizing this circuit in the embodiment of the present invention adopts Maxim to produce.The interface of described RS-485 circuit adopts Shielded Twisted Pair transmission, thus can long range propagation and noise immunity is good.The temperature information detected is transferred to described controller 240 in the mode of numerary signal by described A/D modular converter by described thermal rsistance sensors 224.The modular converter of A/D described in the embodiment of the present invention chooses 12 high-precision high-speed A/D converters.
Temperature controller 210 described in the embodiment of the present invention comprises a display load module 260 further.This display load module 260 comprises a keyboard and an indicating meter.Described keyboard for inputting preset parameter, as preset temperature etc.Described indicating meter can show the preset parameter of setting and the surface temperature of described roll in real time.Indicating meter described in the embodiment of the present invention adopts 4 Digital sum pipes, and wherein front three is integer-bit, and the 4th is decimal place.The highest temperature showing 999.9 degrees Celsius of this charactron.
Described temperature controller 210 comprises a heating circuit further to realize the electrically heated process of described well heater.Adopt AC380V heating system as described heating circuit in the embodiment of the present invention.
This temperature control unit 100 in use, first splices described concatenation unit wall 121 according to the size of described roll, and then the lower end cap 1221 of described two side covers 122 being connected with described concatenation unit wall 121 respectively forms the accommodation space of described roll.Further, described roll is positioned in this accommodation space, by the top end cap 1222 of two side covers 122 respectively with described corresponding lower end cap 1221 snapping, and to be connected with described concatenation unit wall 121.Further, cover described upper cover 123, preheating insulation can be carried out to this roll.In addition, when laser melting coating will be carried out to this roll, by described cylinder 124, described unit cover 125 is opened, make to need the roller surface of laser melting coating to expose from the opening 1231 of described upper cover 123, thus can laser melting coating be realized.
The main technical details index of the temperature control unit 100 that the embodiment of the present invention provides is:
Temperature regulating range: room temperature ~ 1200 degree Celsius;
Temperature increment of adjustment: positive and negative 0.1 degree Celsius;
Consumed power: maximum 240 kilowatts;
Temperature stability: positive and negative 10 degree; And
Temperature sampling speed: >=15 hertz/sec.
In above-mentioned steps S31, described multiple section divides along described roll bearing of trend.This step one can specifically can comprise: provide described multiple sub-box unit 120 '; Along the plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' of described roll footage direction splicing, form a trough body structure; This roll is arranged in this trough body structure, by the plurality of sub-box unit 120 ', this roll is divided into multiple section; Respectively side cover 122 is set in the sub-box unit 120 ' of these length direction both sides; The opening of this trough body structure covers described upper cover 123.
In above-mentioned steps S32, detect the temperature of roller surface in each section by certain time interval, as just gathered the temperature of roller surface in each section every 5 minutes.This gatherer process realizes by various ways, as (1) can detect successively as described in temperature in roll section as described in each; (2) detect the temperature of described roll at each described section simultaneously; (3) different temperature-detecting devices is adopted to detect the temperature of described roll at each described section respectively.
This step S32 can specifically comprise: in every sub-box unit 120 ', arrange well heater 130 and temperature collect module 220.Temperature collect module 220 in described every sub-box unit 120 ' is for the local temperature of roll in this sub-box unit 120 ' of Real-time Collection independently.In the embodiment of the present invention, be provided with infrared thermometer 222 and thermal rsistance sensors 224 in every sub-box unit 120 ' to detect the temperature of roller surface in this sub-box unit 120 '.Work alone between described infrared thermometer 222 and thermal rsistance sensors 224 and separated in time to gather the temperature of roll in the sub-box unit in place 120 ', thus the follow-up temperature that can regulate roller surface more accurately.
In above-mentioned steps S33, described first preset temperature can the preheating temperature required for described roll laser cladding be determined.By the temperature that will detect in each section compared with described first preset temperature, can judge whether to need to heat the roll in this section or be incubated.If the temperature of roll is lower than described first preset temperature in a certain section, then heating is carried out to the roll in this section and make to reach described first preset temperature.If the temperature of roll is higher than described first preset temperature in a certain section, then heating is stopped to the roll in this section, carry out isothermal holding.
This step S33 can specifically comprise: the temperature that temperature collect module 220 in each sub-box unit 120 ' gathers is transferred to controller 240, and compared with described first preset temperature set in controller 240, if the temperature that a certain temperature collect module 220 collects is lower than described first preset temperature, the well heater 130 that described controller 240 starts in the sub-box unit 120 ' at this temperature collect module 220 place heats the roll in this sub-box unit 120 '.If the temperature that a certain temperature collect module 220 collects is higher than described first preset temperature, then described controller 240 does not start the well heater 130 in corresponding sub-box unit 120 ', thus carries out isothermal holding to the roll in this sub-box unit 120 '.
Further, the step of described temperature acquisition and dynamic adjustments is carried out in circulation, with the temperature field providing a stable and uniform to described roll.
Because described temperature control unit has multiple sub-box unit, every sub-box unit is provided with well heater, can independently control, independent heating between the well heater in this every sub-box unit, thus makes the temperature in this temperature control unit can local modulation.Therefore, when being applied to the preheat temperature insulation device of laser melting coating processing roll, provide the temperature field of a stable and uniform can to described roll.Thus in the process of laser melting coating processing roll, can form that density is high at described roller surface, interior tissue performance evenly and the laser cladding layer good with described roll bonding force.In addition, utilize this temperature control unit and Temp. control method can carry out zone temperature control to described roll, thus when laser melting coating, the generation of described laser cladding layer pore can be efficiently avoid.In addition, due to the sliceable dismounting of described temperature control unit, the roll of various size is applicable to.
In above-mentioned steps S4, described laser melting coating has been come by a laser apparatus.Described laser apparatus can be optical fiber laser, carbon dioxide laser, YAG laser, or semiconductor laser.In the embodiment of the present invention, adopt described optical fiber laser to carry out described laser melting coating.
Described second preset temperature is preferably 300 degrees Celsius to 540 degrees Celsius.Preferably, described second preset temperature is 500 degrees Celsius to 540 degrees Celsius.In the process of this laser melting coating, preferably, said temperature control method and temperature control unit 100 is adopted to make described roll integral surface in the process of laser melting coating can remain on described second preset temperature uniformly and stably.Particularly, after described roll preheating terminates, regulate the preset temperature of described temperature control unit 100 to be the second preset temperature, then, repeat above-mentioned steps S31-S33 and keep described roll at described second preset temperature.
Above-mentioned steps S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
S41, regulates the temperature of described roller surface to described second preset temperature, and described second preset temperature is lower than described first preset temperature, and the temperature difference of described second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is less than 50 degrees Celsius;
S42, is delivered to described roller surface by described coated material;
S43, after the laser beam focus that described laser apparatus produces irradiation to described in be provided with the roller surface of coated material, make described coated material and roller surface fusing formation one laser molten pool; And
S44, the roll zones forming laser molten pool leaves described laser beam irradiation, makes described laser molten pool be condensed into described cladding layer.
In above-mentioned steps S41, regulate the whole surface of described roll to described second preset temperature.Preferably, the temperature difference of described second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is no more than 20 degrees Celsius.Preferably, the described temperature difference is greater than 10 degrees Celsius and is less than 50 degrees Celsius.
In above-mentioned steps S42, described coated material can be powdered alloy, as iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder.The granularity of described coated material can be 100 order to 400 orders.The embodiment of the present invention chooses the iron-based powder of high rigidity as described coated material, and the granularity of this iron-based powder is 140 order to 320 orders, and the fusing point of this iron-based powder is 1250 degrees Celsius.Chemical composition and the mass percentage of this iron-based powder are as shown in the table:
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | V | Cr | W | Mo | Ni | Fe |
| Content | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.25% | 1.80% | 4.5% | 6.2% | 5.1% | ≤0.2% | Surplus |
In above-mentioned steps S42, carry powder by suction type gas or described coated material is transported to described roller surface by gravity type boat davit powder feeding.Described mode of movement comprises side direction synchronous powder feeding system, coaxial powder-feeding or preset powder feeding.Powder feeding width can be 10 millimeters to 25 millimeters.In the embodiment of the present invention, adopt suction type gas to carry powder, be specially and adopt argon gas conveying powder, and utilize described argon gas to protect described laser molten pool.
In above-mentioned steps S43, the processing parameter of described laser melting coating is: laser power is 8.0 kilowatts to 10.0 kilowatts, laser melting coating scanning speed is 600 mm/min to 720 mm/min, laser focusing spot size (long × wide) is 15 millimeters × 1.5 millimeters, overlapping rate is 20% to 50%, single track cladding thickness is 3.0 millimeters to 3.5 millimeters, and powder feeding width is 5 millimeters to 25 millimeters, and powder sending quantity is 300 gram/minute to 400 gram/minute.By cooperatively interacting of the processing parameter of this laser melting coating, the crackle of follow-up cladding layer can be reduced, and cladding layer compared with heavy thickness can be formed at large-sized roller surface simultaneously.
Further, described laser cladding method can repeating said steps S4, thus forms cladding layer described in multilayer at described roller surface.The embodiment of the present invention forms thickness by repeatedly laser melting coating and reaches the alloy cladding layer of 35 millimeters in described roller surface.
In above-mentioned steps S5, described insulation slow cooling process specifically can be:
S51, is slowly reduced to 380 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius by the temperature of roller surface forming cladding layer, is incubated 3 little of 8 hours to the roll after this cooling; And
S52, slowly cools to room temperature by described roll.
By above-mentioned insulation slow cooling process, the stress that described roll produces in laser cladding process can be eliminated, the generation of Crack prevention.The process of described insulation slow cooling also can utilize described temperature control unit 100 to realize.
The quality of cladding layer can be improved on the one hand by the insulation slow cooling process after above-mentioned thermal pretreatment, the insulation of laser cladding process roll and laser melting coating, as the generation that cladding layer as described in can preventing cracks etc., and the internal stress of described roll can be reduced; The working efficiency of described laser melting coating repaired roller can be improved on the other hand, thus the cladding layer of wide focal beam spot, heavy thickness can be realized.
The method of above-mentioned laser melting coating comprises the step of a udst separation further, to absorb the smog produced in described laser cladding process, and is purified further by modes such as filtrations.
To the step of described roll quality inspection and processing of unloading after the method for above-mentioned laser melting coating can be included in described step S5 further.This step is mainly carried out visual appearance, cladding layer size, clad layer surface hardness and non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) to the roll after described laser melting coating reparation and is detected, and then carries out mechanical workout or replica according to the service requirements of described roll.
See also Fig. 6-7, the embodiment of the present invention provides a laser cladding apparatus 20 to form cladding layer at described roller surface further.Described laser cladding apparatus 20 comprises a laser apparatus 1, slide rail 2, robot 3, optical fiber 4, roller frame 6, worktable 7, cladding processing head 8, gravity powder feed system 9.
Described roller frame 6 is fixed on described worktable 7, and described roll 5 to be arranged on described roller frame 6 and rotatable.Described robot 3 is for operating cladding processing head 8, and described robot 3 to be arranged on described slide rail 2 thus described cladding processing head 8 can be driven along the axial motion of described roll 5.Described laser apparatus 1 is connected with described optical fiber 4 with the Laser Transmission produced by laser apparatus 1 to described cladding processing head 8.Described gravity powder feed system 9 is arranged near described cladding processing head 8, comprises a powder-feeding nozzle 11 further, is used for described coated material being delivered to described roll 5 surface.
Described laser cladding apparatus 20 comprises described temperature control unit 100 further, and described roll 5 is arranged in the casing of described temperature control unit 100, and carries out laser melting coating by described opening 1231.
The working process of this laser cladding apparatus 20 is specific as follows: first carry out thermal pretreatment to described roll 5, reaches described first preset temperature and after being incubated 1-3 hour, start to carry out described laser melting coating processing at described roll 5.In laser cladding process, the interrupter duty of described temperature control unit 100 remains on described second preset temperature to keep described roll.The speed of described robot 3 according to setting under the slip of slide rail 2 drives axially at the uniform velocity is slided along roll 5, and pulverous coated material is delivered to roll 5 surface by described powder-feeding nozzle 11 by described gravity powder feed system 9.Then, the laser that described laser apparatus 1 produces transfers to described cladding processing head 8 by described optical fiber 4 and after expanding focusing, arrives roll 5 surface, thus described pulverous coated material and roll 5 are melted formation one laser molten pool 12, then, roll 5 twirl carries out the laser melting coating in next region, and original laser molten pool 12 rapid solidification forms described cladding layer 10.Above-mentioned cladding process adopts the laser technical parameters of described step S4.After the laser melting coating on whole roll 5 surface completes, described insulation slow cooling process is carried out to described roll 5.
Be appreciated that laser cladding method of the present invention is not limited to be implemented by above-mentioned laser cladding apparatus 20.
Embodiment 1
Material chosen by described roll is half steel.The dimensions of this roll is Φ 900 millimeters × 1550 millimeters × 2750 millimeters.The dimensions of described roll refers to the total length of the diameter of roll, face length and roll.Described cladding layer is arranged on the working face of described roll.Aforesaid method of the present invention is adopted to carry out laser melting coating repair process to this roll.Wherein, the processing parameter of laser cladding process is:
(1) laser melting and coating process: laser power 10KW, sweep velocity 720mm/min, spot diameter 15x1.5mm, overlapping rate 50%, single track cladding thickness 3.5mm, powder feeding width 15mm, cladding material is iron(-)base powder.
(2) heat treatment process parameter: roll preheating temperature 550-580 DEG C, rate of heating 200 DEG C ∕ hour, is incubated 1.5 hours; Heating and thermal insulation temperature 520 ± 20 DEG C in cladding process; Process finishing carries out the insulation of 380 ± 20 DEG C, 5 hours at once, and then power-off slow cooling is to room temperature.
In the present embodiment, adopt optical fiber laser, described cladding processing head 8 adopts the broadband integral mirror of focal distance f=400mm as focusing lens.
In the present embodiment, described coated material adopts iron(-)base powder.This iron(-)base powder granularity 140-320 order, fusing point 1250 DEG C.In described iron(-)base powder each composition and mass percent as shown in the table:
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | V | Cr | W | Mo | Ni | Fe |
| Content | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.25% | 1.80% | 4.5% | 6.2% | 5.1% | ≤0.2% | Surplus |
After testing, the cladding layer thickness formed at described roller surface reaches 35 millimeters, and hardness is high, and accessible hardness standard is HRC60-65.In addition, this cladding layer red hardness is good, and wear resisting property is excellent, is applicable to bearing vibrations and shock load.
Refer to Fig. 8, the very refined densification of described cladding layer grain structure, organize primarily of phase composites such as a large amount of needle type martensites, carbide and a small amount of retained austenites, carbide hardness is very high, a large amount of even dispersion is distributed in layer tissue, under the even dispersion strengthening acting in conjunction of martensite and carbide, makes described cladding layer extreme hardness, there is excellent wear resisting property, resistance to shock loads performance and red hardness, the applying working condition requirement of roll can be met well.Roll after process is after Metallurgical Enterprise uses on the machine, and steel transportation amount improves 2.5 times, and roller consumption reduces 30%, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment and difference from Example 1 are:
Roll material is 70Mn2, and specification is φ 650 millimeters × 1250 millimeters × 2050 millimeters.Adopt the inventive method to carry out laser melting coating reparation to this roller working face, technological process is as follows:
(1) laser melting and coating process: laser power 8KW, sweep velocity 600mm/min, spot diameter 15x1.5mm, overlapping rate 40%, single track cladding thickness 3.0mm, powder feeding width 15mm;
(2) heat treatment process parameter: roll preheating temperature 480-520 DEG C, rate of heating 150 DEG C ∕ hour, is incubated 1 hour; Heating and thermal insulation temperature 450 ± 20 DEG C in cladding process; Process finishing carries out the insulation of 380 ± 20 DEG C, 4 hours at once, and then power-off slow cooling is to room temperature.
In the present embodiment, roll is after laser melting coating is repaired, and obtain good high-speed steel alloy cladding layer, described cladding layer hardness reaches HRC61-64, and thickness reaches 35mm.The machined rear non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) of this cladding layer detects good, without cladding crackle, the quality such as to be mingled with and to lack, meet this roller and use on the machine requirement.
Refer to Fig. 9, as can be seen from the metallographic microstructure photo of this embodiment, alloy cladding layer grain structure is very refined, fine and close, a large amount of carbide even dispersion is distributed in layer tissue, microhardness average reaches HV788, extreme hardness, has good wear resistance.The roll of the present embodiment is after laser melting coating reparation uses, and steel transportation amount improves 2.2 times, and roller consumption reduces 40%, and economic benefit is obvious.
What the embodiment of the present invention provided is applied to the laser cladding method of roll owing to adopting above-mentioned laser cladding technological parameter, thus has following beneficial effect:
1, the high-quality fine and close refinement microstructure of surface cladding layer without shortcoming can be obtained, and cladding layer alloying constituent and stable and reliable for performance;
2, can realize the cladding processing of the big area of high hardness material, multilayer, cladding layer thickness reaches 35mm, and cladding area is at 4m
2above, layer hardness reaches HRC60-65;
3, production efficiency is high, and power consumption is few.Described coated material clinkering efficiency reaches 17.5 Qian Ke ∕ hour, and the more traditional overlaying method of energy consumption can reduce 50%;
4, process controllability is good, and labour intensity is low, easily is automated production;
5, after the roll that the present invention repairs uses on the machine, steel transportation amount improves more than 2.2 times, and the reduction more than 30% of roller consumption, economic benefit is very remarkable.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other change in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, these changes done according to the present invention's spirit, all should be included within the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (6)
1. be applied to a laser cladding method for roll, comprise the following steps:
One roll is provided;
Roll described in preheating, makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature, and described first preset temperature is 320 degrees Celsius to 580 degrees Celsius, and described preheating comprises the following steps:
Described roll is divided into multiple section;
The local temperature of roll in each section of Real-time Collection;
According to the temperature in the roll collected section described in each, the temperature of roll in each described section of dynamic adjustments, makes the temperature of roll in each described section all remain on described first preset temperature;
The roller surface of coated material laser melting coating after described preheating is formed a cladding layer, the processing parameter of described laser melting coating is: laser power is 8.0 kilowatts to 10.0 kilowatts, laser melting coating scanning speed is 600 mm/min to 720 mm/min, focused spot size is 15 millimeters long × 1.5 mm wides, overlapping rate is 20% to 50%, single track cladding thickness is 3.0 millimeters to 3.5 millimeters, powder feeding width is 5 millimeters to 25 millimeters, powder sending quantity is 300 gram/minute to 400 gram/minute, in this laser cladding process, keep described roller surface at one second preset temperature, this second preset temperature is less than this first preset temperature, and the temperature difference of this second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is no more than 50 degrees Celsius, described second preset temperature is 300 degrees Celsius to 540 degrees Celsius, and
Roll after laser melting coating described in insulation slow cooling process.
2. be applied to the laser cladding method of roll as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, insulation slow cooling is treated to the roller temperature after by described laser melting coating and controls between 360 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius and to be incubated 5-7 hour, and then slow cooling is to room temperature.
3. be applied to the laser cladding method of roll as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, before the step of described insulation slow cooling, repeat above-mentioned preheating, laser melting coating to form multilayer cladding layer at described roller surface.
4. be applied to the laser cladding method of roll as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coated material is the one in Ni-based, iron-based and Co-based alloy powder, and the granularity of this coated material is 100 order to 400 orders.
5. be applied to the laser cladding method of roll as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described coated material is iron(-)base powder, and granularity is 140 order-320 orders, in this iron(-)base powder, the mass percent of each composition is: carbon: 0.90%, silicon: 0.30%, manganese: 0.25%, chromium: 4.5%, tungsten: 6.2%, molybdenum: 5.1%, vanadium: 1.80%, iron surplus.
6. be applied to the laser cladding method of roll as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coated material carries automatic powder feeding system by argon gas gas and is transported to described roller surface, and utilizes argon gas protection in described laser cladding process.
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| CN103320787A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-25 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Remanufacturing repairing method of invalid bar roller guider |
| CN105386038B (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2018-04-10 | 宁夏天地奔牛实业集团有限公司 | The preparation method of TiCFe Ceramic Composite sprocket wheels |
| CN105695920A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-22 | 柳州市安龙机械设备有限公司 | Manufacturing method for composite roller |
| CN107164756B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-09 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of laser melting coating metal dust for repairing H13 mould steel |
| CN107740028A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-27 | 常州大学 | A kind of laser thermal spraying on-line heating temperature control device |
| CN108823566B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-12-25 | 莱芜盛鼎特殊冶金材料再制造有限公司 | Roller laser cladding alloy material with improved toughness |
| CN109252157A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2019-01-22 | 河北瑞兆激光再制造技术股份有限公司 | A kind of restorative procedure after H profile steel roll axle end wear |
| CN110257818A (en) * | 2019-01-19 | 2019-09-20 | 天津北基新激光科技有限公司 | The surface treatment method of Continuous Casting Rolls |
| CN110468406B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-12-15 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, cutter ring of shield hob, shield hob and shield machine |
| CN113832462B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-06-27 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | Laser cladding composite deburring roller and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102677047A (en) * | 2012-05-27 | 2012-09-19 | 丹阳市宏图机械制造有限公司 | Laser repairing technology for aluminum foil roll crack |
| CN202643844U (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-01-02 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | Laser cladding equipment for working face of roller |
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| CN102677047A (en) * | 2012-05-27 | 2012-09-19 | 丹阳市宏图机械制造有限公司 | Laser repairing technology for aluminum foil roll crack |
| CN202643844U (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2013-01-02 | 沈阳新松机器人自动化股份有限公司 | Laser cladding equipment for working face of roller |
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