CN103088336A - Laser cladding method for roller - Google Patents
Laser cladding method for roller Download PDFInfo
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- CN103088336A CN103088336A CN2013100334493A CN201310033449A CN103088336A CN 103088336 A CN103088336 A CN 103088336A CN 2013100334493 A CN2013100334493 A CN 2013100334493A CN 201310033449 A CN201310033449 A CN 201310033449A CN 103088336 A CN103088336 A CN 103088336A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cladding method for a roller, which comprises the following steps of: providing a roller; preheating the roller so as to keep the surface of the roller at a first predetermined temperature; performing laser cladding on a coating material on the surface of the preheated roller to form a cladding layer; keeping the surface of the roller at a second predetermined temperature in the laser cladding process, wherein the second predetermined temperature is lower than the first predetermined temperature, and the temperature difference does not exceed 50 DEG C; and performing thermal insulation and slow cooling treatment on the roller after laser cladding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser cladding method, relate in particular to a kind of laser cladding method that is applied to roll.
Background technology
Laser melting coating starts from 20 century 70s, is a kind of novel material surface processing technology, and it utilizes laser as the energy, cladding material is preset at substrate material surface forms wear-resistant coating.
High speed wire rod roller is the important tool of wire production, and traditional high speed wire rod roller adopts cemented carbide powder to sinter collars into, consists of roll with roller bearing by mechanical bond.China is output of steel the first in the world for years, and wherein output wire accounts for 17.9% of iron and steel ultimate production.The annual wire rod requirement consumes hundreds of ton carbide roll ring of producing.When collars broke or exceed standard because of abrasion size, collars will be scrapped, and caused the waste of a large amount of noble metals.
Utilize laser melting and coating technique to carry out Roller Machining, compare with traditional process for treating surface (as: plasma spraying, built-up welding etc.), have that thinning ratio is little, heat input is little, workpiece deformation is little, interface junction is combined into the advantages such as metallurgical binding.
In prior art, when larger-size roller surface carried out laser melting coating, due to the rapid heating in laser cladding process with fast cooled and solidified, thermal stresses are large, cladding layer very easily cracked.And prior art is also more difficult at large-sized roller surface formation high rigidity, larger thickness and fine and close laser cladding layer.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, necessaryly provide a kind of and can form at roller surface the laser cladding method of high rigidity, large thickness and fine and close cladding layer.
A kind of laser cladding method that is applied to roll comprises the following steps: a roll is provided; The described roll of pre-treatment is to remove the defective of roller surface; The described pretreated roll of preheating makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature; Roller surface with the coated material laser melting coating after described preheating forms a cladding layer, keep described roller surface at one second preset temperature in this laser cladding process, and the temperature difference is no more than 50 degrees centigrade; And the roll after the described laser melting coating of insulation slow cooling processing.
Compared to prior art, the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that the embodiment of the present invention provides is owing to adopting above-mentioned heat treatment process, thereby (1) can obtain high-quality fine and close refinement microstructure of surface cladding layer without shortcoming, and cladding layer alloying constituent and stable and reliable for performance; (2) can realize the big area of high hardness material, the cladding processing of multilayer, cladding layer thickness reaches 35 millimeters, and the cladding area is more than 4 square meters, and layer hardness can reach the HRC60-65 standard; (3) production efficiency is high, and power consumption is few.Described coated material clinkering efficient reaches 17.5 Qian Ke ∕ hour, and the more traditional overlaying method of energy consumption can reduce 50%; (4) process controllability is good, and labour intensity is low, easily is automated production; (5) after the roll repaired of the present invention used on the machine, steel transportation amount improved more than 2.2 times, and the roller consumption reduces more than 30%.
Description of drawings
The schema of the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention provides.
The structure function block diagram of the temperature control unit that uses in the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The structure schematic side view of casing in the temperature control unit that uses in the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
In the temperature control unit that uses in the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the present invention, temperature control box faces structural representation.
The structural representation of well heater in the temperature control unit that uses in the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
The structural representation of the laser cladding apparatus that the laser cladding method that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the present invention adopts.
Employing Fig. 7 laser cladding apparatus that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the present invention carries out the enlarged diagram of laser melting coating.
Fig. 8 is the metallographic microstructure photo of the cladding layer made of the embodiment of the present invention 1 laser melting coating.
Fig. 9 is the metallographic microstructure photo of the cladding layer made of the embodiment of the present invention 2 laser melting coatings
The main element nomenclature
| Laser cladding apparatus | 20 |
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1 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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6 |
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7 |
| The |
8 |
| The gravity |
9 |
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10 |
| Powder- |
11 |
| Laser |
12 |
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100 |
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110 |
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120 |
| Sub-box unit | 120’ |
| The |
121 |
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122 |
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1221 |
| The |
1222 |
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123 |
| Opening | 1231 |
| The infrared hole that arranges | 1232 |
| Thermal resistance arranges the |
1233 |
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1234 |
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124 |
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125 |
| Well |
130 |
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210 |
| Temperature collect |
220 |
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222 |
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224 |
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230 |
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240 |
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250 |
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260 |
Following embodiment further illustrates the present invention in connection with above-mentioned accompanying drawing.
Embodiment
Describe below with reference to accompanying drawing the laser cladding method that is applied to roll that the embodiment of the present invention provides in detail.
See also Fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of laser cladding method that is applied to roll, comprises the following steps:
S1 provides a roll;
S2, the described roll of pre-treatment is to remove the defective of roller surface;
S3, the described pretreated roll of preheating makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature;
S4, roller surface with the coated material laser melting coating after described preheating forms a cladding layer, keeps described roller surface at one second preset temperature, wherein in this laser cladding process, described the second preset temperature is lower than described the first preset temperature, and the temperature difference is no more than 50 degrees centigrade; And
S5, the roll after described laser melting coating is processed in the insulation slow cooling.
In above-mentioned steps S2, described pre-treatment comprises the removals such as corrosion, sand holes, crackle and fatigue layer that described roller surface is existed.The mode of described removal can be mechanical cutting, as turning.In addition, be appreciated that described step S2 is optional step when described roll itself has preferable quality or has been pretreated roll.
In above-mentioned steps S3, described thermal pretreatment can improve the efficient of follow-up laser melting coating, and can reduce the generation that forms the cladding layer crackle.Described the first preset temperature can be 320 degrees centigrade to 580 degrees centigrade.Preferably, described the first preset temperature is 520 degrees centigrade to 580 degrees centigrade.More preferably, described the first preset temperature is 550 degrees centigrade to 580 degrees centigrade.Heating rate during described thermal pretreatment can be 150 degrees centigrade/hour to 250 degrees centigrade/hour.
Described thermal pretreatment can be for whole preheating makes roll whole surface remain on described the first preset temperature to this roll, or described roll is carried out the subregion preheating so that roll whole surface remains on described the first preset temperature.The embodiment of the present invention has adopted the temperature-controlled process that described roll is carried out the subregion preheating, and the method comprises the following steps:
S31 is divided into a plurality of sections with described roll;
The temperature of roll in S32, each section of Real-time Collection; And
S33, according to the temperature in each section of the roll that collects, the interior roll in each zone of dynamic adjustments makes the temperature of roll in each zone all remain on described the first preset temperature.
See also Fig. 2, this temperature-controlled process can be realized by a temperature control unit 100.This temperature control unit 100 comprises a temperature control box 110 and a temperature controller 210.
Described temperature control box 110 comprises a casing 120 and a plurality of well heater 130.Described casing 120 is used for placing roll.This casing 120 comprises a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' that can mutually splice.The quantity of these a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' can increase according to the size of described roll or reduce.
See also Fig. 2 to Fig. 5, described casing 120 can comprise 120 ', two side covers 122 of a plurality of described sub-box unit, and a upper cover 123.Described sub-box unit 120 ' can be holistic trough body structure.In addition, described sub-box unit 120 ' also may further include a plurality of concatenation unit walls 121, and these a plurality of concatenation unit walls 121 are spliced into this trough body structure mutually.
Described a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' is spliced along described roll length direction, and the length of this casing is extended.Described two side covers 122 are oppositely arranged, and are connected with the sub-box unit 120 ' of described casing 120 length direction both sides respectively, and described upper cover 123 covers the opening of these a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' trough body structures.These a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ', two side covers 122 and a common cabinet space that forms accommodating described rolls of upper cover 123.Each side cover 122 can further comprise a bottom end cap 1221 and a top end cap 1222.
Described upper cover 123 can have further that an opening 1231, infraredly arranges hole 1232, a thermal resistance arranges hole 1233 and a carriage 1234.Described carriage 1234 arranges hole 1232 near described infrared, and is arranged on the outside surface of described upper cover 123.
Described opening 1231 is as the window of laser melting coating.One unit cover 124 is set on described opening 1231, is used for opening or covers described opening 1231.Described casing 120 comprises that further a cylinder 125 is arranged on described upper cover 123.Described cylinder 125 has a piston rod and is connected with described unit cover 124, is used for driving this unit cover 124.In addition, described cylinder 125 also can be used to open and close described upper cover.In addition, described upper cover 123 also can arrange a plurality of described openings 1231.And the corresponding setting identical with the quantity of described sub-box unit 120 ' of the quantity of described opening.When having a plurality of opening, be interconnected between described opening, thereby in the process of described laser melting coating, the laser melting coating head that is used for cladding can form cladding layer at roller surface along moving axially of described roll is next.
Described a plurality of well heater 130 is disposed on the inwall of described casing 120, and is uniformly distributed in described a plurality of sub-box unit 120 '.Can be provided with one or more described well heaters 130 in every sub-box unit 120 '.Described well heater 130 is used for heating described roll.Described well heater 130 and described roll shop building are every setting.By in each described sub-box unit 120 ', described well heater 130 being set all, can realize the subregion local heating to described roll.Can work independently between these a plurality of well heaters 130.Can also come work according to predetermined rule between these a plurality of well heaters 130, as working alone between well heater 130 as described in well heater 130 as described in odd number and even number.This well heater 130 can be electric heater.The shape of this well heater 130 is not limit, as can be the bar-shaped or tubular structure of linear, curved shape or fold-line-shaped.This well heater 130 can select the material of high heat conduction to make.When described well heater 130 was electric heater, the high material of this optional power taking thermal transition of well heater 130 efficient was made.In the embodiment of the present invention, described well heater 130 is globars, and this globars is linear, and is grid shape arranges in described casing 120.Described globars is nonmetal high-temperature electric heat element, and adopting the high purity hexagonal carborundum is that raw material is made through high temperature silication recrystallize sintering.This globars generates heat evenly and can be anti-oxidant and corrosion-resistant.In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, described casing 120 is divided into 5 sub-box unit 120 ', in each described sub-box unit 120 ', grid shape is placed with 48 rectilinear described globarss, the model of described globars is the PH-139 type, the power of each described globars is about 1000 watts, temperature rating is 1200 degrees centigrade, and the length of each described globars is 1000 millimeters.
Described temperature controller 210 comprises temperature collect module 220, multi-way switch 230, controller 240, and communication module 250.
Described temperature collect module 220 is arranged in described casing 120, is used for monitoring the temperature of described roller surface.This temperature collect module 220 can be one or more.When described temperature controller 210 comprises a plurality of this temperature collect module 220, preferably, each described temperature collect module 220 can be separately positioned in each described sub-box unit 120 ', thereby can detect the local temperature of roll in every sub-box unit 120 ', and accuracy of detection is higher.When being provided with a temperature collect module 220 in described casing 120, described temperature collect module 220 can scan every roller surface in sub-box unit 120 ' successively, and gathers simultaneously every roller surface local temperature in sub-box unit 120 '.
Each described temperature collect module 220 can comprise an infrared thermometer 222 and a thermal rsistance sensors 224.But the local temperature of this infrared thermometer 222 and the thermal rsistance sensors 224 described rolls of independent detection.
Described infrared thermometer 222 has relative two ends, and an end is provided with an infrared probe, and this infrared probe is arranged on described infrared the setting in hole 1232, and the other end can be fixed on described carriage 1234.Preferably, described infrared probe is rotatable, thereby can scan the temperature of each position of described roll.In the embodiment of the present invention, described infrared thermometer 222 is chosen the infrared pyroscope of German IMPAC, and model is IPE 140, and the infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 measurable temperature range under MB 10 patterns is 30 degrees centigrade to 1000 degrees centigrade.The infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 is lower than 400 degrees centigrade the time, and measuring accuracy can reach 2.5 degrees centigrade, and higher than 400 degrees centigrade, measuring accuracy can reach 4%+1 degree centigrade.The infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 is digital, high-precision non-contact temperature measuring instrument, and wavelength region is 3 microns to 5 microns.In addition, the infrared pyroscope fast response time of this IPE 140, the shortest time is 1.5 milliseconds, and can produce the hot spot of reduced size, particularly, minimum spot size is 0.3 millimeter.The infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 can mate mutually with multiple focusing lens.The infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 is provided with button and display screen, is used for the parameter that input needs adjusting, and shows the parameter that arranges and the temperature that measures in real time.The infrared pyroscope of this IPE 140 is provided with two communication interface RS232 and RS485, and these two communication interfaces can be switched.
Described thermal rsistance sensors 224 is arranged on described thermal resistance and arranges in hole 1233.Thermal rsistance sensors described in the embodiment of the present invention 224 is platinum thermal resistance sensor (PT100), and the detectable temperature range of this PT100 is-200 degrees centigrade to 660 degrees centigrade, and measuring accuracy can reach 0.1 degree centigrade.In addition, thermal rsistance sensors described in the embodiment of the present invention 224 and the corresponding setting one by one of described sub-box unit 120 '.Be to be provided with a thermal rsistance sensors 224 in every sub-box unit 120 ', detect respectively the local temperature of roll in every sub-box unit 120 '.Described temperature controller 210 can further comprise a sample circuit, and this sample circuit can realize that the multi-point sampling of 224 pairs of described roller surface temperature of described thermal rsistance sensors is with monitoring simultaneously.Sample circuit described in the embodiment of the present invention comprises a MUX and a multi-channel conversion circuit.Described multi-channel conversion circuit is connected between described thermal rsistance sensors 224 and described MUX.MUX described in the embodiment of the present invention is the MPC508AU MUX.Described multi-channel conversion circuit is No. eight change-over circuits.
Described controller 240 receives by described communication module 250 temperature information that described temperature collect module 220 gathers, and the well heater 130 that feeds back in one or more described sub-box unit 120 ' by described multi-way switch 230 comes local heating or is incubated described roll.Described controller 240 is preferably proportional-integral derivative controller (PID controller), automatically regulates and accurately controls with the temperature that realizes roller surface.Utilize described PID controller to carry out temperature in the embodiment of the present invention and control, make the roller surface temperature keep better laser melting coating temperature.Described PID controller is set heating rate and is remained on 20 degrees centigrade/minutes to 40 degrees centigrade/minutes.Described controller 240 can be to described infrared thermometer 222 and the independent control of thermal rsistance sensors 224.Controller described in the embodiment of the present invention 240 adopts the STC89C54 chip of macrocrystalline company.
Described multi-way switch 230 is used for being switched on or switched off described well heater 130 and described controller 240.This multi-way switch 240 comprises a plurality of switches, each switch can be controlled respectively each described well heater 130, or control the interior a plurality of well heaters 130 of each described sub-box unit 120 ', thereby can realize the surface temperature control to local roll in every sub-box unit 120 '.Multi-way switch described in the embodiment of the present invention 230 is a solid state relay.The described solid state relay of the embodiment of the present invention is chosen the G3NB-240B-UTU of Omron (OMRON), and adopts the ULN200a chip that this solid state relay is driven.
Described communication module 250 comprises RS-485 circuit and analog-to-digital conversion module (A/D modular converter).Described infrared thermometer 222 is transferred to described controller 240 in the mode of bus arbitration with the temperature that detects by described RS-485 circuit.Realize the MAX 485 of the chip employing Maxim production of this circuit in the embodiment of the present invention.The interface of described RS-485 circuit adopts the Shielded Twisted Pair transmission, thereby can grow Distance Transmission and noise immunity is good.Described thermal rsistance sensors 224 is transferred to described controller 240 with the temperature information that detects in the mode of numerary signal by described A/D modular converter.The modular converter of A/D described in the embodiment of the present invention is chosen 12 high-precision high-speed A/D converters.
The described temperature controller 210 of the embodiment of the present invention comprises that further one shows load module 260.This demonstration load module 260 comprises a keyboard and an indicating meter.Described keyboard is used for the input preset parameter, as preset temperature etc.Described indicating meter can show the surface temperature of preset parameter and the described roll of setting in real time.The described indicating meter of the embodiment of the present invention adopts 4 charactrons, and wherein front three is integer-bit, and the 4th is decimal place.The highest temperature that shows 999.9 degrees centigrade of this charactron.
Described temperature controller 210 comprises that further a heating circuit realizes the electrically heated process of described well heater.Adopt the AC380V heating system as described heating circuit in the embodiment of the present invention.
This temperature control unit 100 in use, at first according to the described concatenation unit wall 121 of the size of described roll splicing, then the lower end cap 1221 of described two side covers 122 being connected with described concatenation unit wall 121 respectively forms the accommodation space of described roll.Further, described roll is positioned in this accommodation space, with the top end cap 1222 of two side covers 122 respectively with described corresponding lower end cap 1221 snappings, and be connected with described concatenation unit wall 121.Further, cover described upper cover 123, can carry out preheating insulation to this roll.In addition, in the time will carrying out laser melting coating to this roll, can described unit cover 125 be opened by described cylinder 124, the roller surface that needs laser melting coating be exposed from the opening 1231 of described upper cover 123, thereby can realize laser melting coating.
The main technical details index of the temperature control unit 100 that the embodiment of the present invention provides is:
Temperature regulating range: room temperature～1200 degree centigrade;
Temperature regulation increment: positive and negative 0.1 degree centigrade;
Consumed power: maximum 240 kilowatts;
Temperature stability: positive and negative 10 degree; And
Temperature sampling speed: 〉=15 hertz/sec.
In above-mentioned steps S31, described a plurality of sections are divided along described roll bearing of trend.This step 1 can specifically can comprise: described a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' is provided; Along described these a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ' of roll length direction splicing, form a trough body structure; This roll is arranged in this trough body structure, by these a plurality of sub-box unit 120 ', this roll is divided into a plurality of sections; Sub-box unit 120 ' in this length direction both sides arranges side cover 122 respectively; Cover described upper cover 123 on the opening of this trough body structure.
In above-mentioned steps S32, can detect by certain time interval the temperature of roller surface in each section, as every 5 minutes just to each section in the temperature of roller surface gather.This gatherer process can be realized in several ways, the temperature of roll in section as described in each as described in can detecting successively as (1); (2) detect simultaneously described roll in the temperature of each described section; (3) adopt different temperature-detecting devices to detect respectively described roll in the temperature of each described section.
This step S32 can specifically comprise: in every sub-box unit 120 ', well heater 130 and temperature collect module 220 are set.Temperature collect module 220 in described every sub-box unit 120 ' is used for the local temperature of this sub-box unit 120 ' interior roll of Real-time Collection independently.In the embodiment of the present invention, be provided with the temperature that infrared thermometer 222 and thermal rsistance sensors 224 detect roller surface in this sub-box unit 120 ' in every individual sub-box unit 120 '.Work alone between described infrared thermometer 222 and thermal rsistance sensors 224 and the interval certain hour gathers the temperature of roll in the sub-box unit in place 120 ', thus the follow-up temperature that can regulate more accurately roller surface.
In above-mentioned steps S33, described the first preset temperature can be determined according to the needed preheating temperature of described roll laser cladding.Compare with described the first preset temperature by the temperature that will detect in each section, can judge whether and to heat the roll in this section or to be incubated.If lower than described the first preset temperature, heating to make to the roll in this section, the temperature of the interior roll of a certain section reaches described the first preset temperature.If in a certain section, the temperature of roll higher than described the first preset temperature, to the roll stopped heating in this section, is incubated processing.
This step S33 can specifically comprise: the temperature that temperature collect module 220 in each sub-box unit 120 ' is gathered is transferred to controller 240, and compare with described first preset temperature of controller 240 interior settings, if the temperature that a certain temperature collect module 220 collects is lower than described the first preset temperature, 130 pairs of the well heaters that described controller 240 starts in the sub-box unit 120 ' at this temperature collect module 220 places should heat by sub-box unit 120 ' interior rolls.If the temperature that a certain temperature collect module 220 collects is higher than described the first preset temperature, described controller 240 does not start the well heater 130 in corresponding sub-box unit 120 ', thereby the roll in this sub-box unit 120 ' is incubated processing.
Further, loop the step of described temperature acquisition and dynamic adjustments, provide the temperature field of a stable and uniform to give described roll.
Because described temperature control unit has a plurality of sub-box unit, every sub-box unit is provided with well heater, can independently control between the well heater in this every sub-box unit, independent heating, thereby make the temperature in this temperature control unit can local modulation.Therefore, when being applied to the preheat temperature insulation device of laser melting coating processing roll, the temperature field of a stable and uniform is provided for described roll.Thereby in the process of laser melting coating processing roll, can form that density is high at described roller surface, the interior tissue performance evenly and the laser cladding layer good with described roll bonding force.In addition, utilize this temperature control unit and Temp. control method to carry out the subregion temperature to described roll and control, thereby when laser melting coating, can effectively avoid the generation of described laser cladding layer pore.In addition, due to the sliceable dismounting of described temperature control unit, be applicable to the roll of various size.
In above-mentioned steps S4, described laser melting coating is completed by a laser apparatus.Described laser apparatus can be optical fiber laser, carbon dioxide laser, YAG laser apparatus, or semiconductor laser.In the embodiment of the present invention, adopt described optical fiber laser to carry out described laser melting coating.
Described the second preset temperature is preferably 300 degrees centigrade to 540 degrees centigrade.Preferably, described the second preset temperature is 500 degrees centigrade to 540 degrees centigrade.In the process of this laser melting coating, preferably, adopt said temperature control method and temperature control unit 100 to make described roll integral surface in the process of laser melting coating can remain on uniformly and stably described the second preset temperature.Particularly, after described roll preheating finished, the preset temperature of regulating described temperature control unit 100 was the second preset temperature, then, repeated above-mentioned steps S31-S33 and kept described roll at described the second preset temperature.
Above-mentioned steps S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
S41 regulates the temperature of described roller surface to described the second preset temperature, and described the second preset temperature is lower than described the first preset temperature, and the temperature difference of described the second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is less than 50 degrees centigrade;
S42 is delivered to described roller surface with described coated material;
S43, after the laser beam that described laser apparatus produces focuses on, irradiation to the described roller surface that is provided with coated material, makes the fusing of described coated material and roller surface form a laser molten pool; And
S44, the roll zones that forms laser molten pool is left described laser beam irradiation, makes described laser molten pool be condensed into described cladding layer.
In above-mentioned steps S41, regulate the whole surface of described roll to described the second preset temperature.Preferably, the temperature difference of described the second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is no more than 20 degrees centigrade.Preferably, the described temperature difference is greater than 10 degrees centigrade and less than 50 degrees centigrade.
In above-mentioned steps S42, described coated material can be powdered alloy, as iron-based, Ni-based or Co-based alloy powder.The granularity of described coated material can be 100 order to 400 orders.The embodiment of the present invention is chosen the iron-based powder of high rigidity as described coated material, and the granularity of this iron-based powder is 140 order to 320 orders, and the fusing point of this iron-based powder is 1250 degrees centigrade.The chemical composition of this iron-based powder and quality percentage composition are as shown in the table:
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | V | Cr | W | Mo | Ni | Fe |
| Content | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.25% | 1.80% | 4.5% | 6.2% | 5.1% | ≤0.2% | Surplus |
In above-mentioned steps S42, can carry powder or the gravity type boat davit powder feeding is transported to described roller surface with described coated material by suction type gas.Described mode of movement comprises the side direction synchronous powder feeding system, coaxial powder-feeding or preset powder feeding.The powder feeding width can be 10 millimeters to 25 millimeters.In the embodiment of the present invention, adopt suction type gas to carry powder, be specially and adopt the argon gas conveying powder, and utilize described argon gas to protect described laser molten pool.
In above-mentioned steps S43, the processing parameter of described laser melting coating is: laser power is 8.0 kilowatts to 10.0 kilowatts, the laser melting coating scanning speed is 600 mm/min to 720 mm/min, laser focusing spot size (long * wide) is 15 millimeters * 1.5 millimeters, overlapping rate is 20% to 50%, single track cladding thickness is 3.0 millimeters to 3.5 millimeters, and the powder feeding width is 5 millimeters to 25 millimeters, and powder sending quantity is 300 gram/minute to 400 gram/minute.Cooperatively interacting of processing parameter by this laser melting coating can be reduced the crackle of follow-up cladding layer, and can form at large-sized roller surface the cladding layer of larger thickness simultaneously.
Further, but described laser cladding method repeating said steps S4, thus form the described cladding layer of multilayer at described roller surface.The embodiment of the present invention forms thickness by laser melting coating repeatedly and reaches the alloy cladding layer of 35 millimeters in described roller surface.
In above-mentioned steps S5, described insulation slow cooling is processed and specifically be can be:
S51 slowly was reduced to 380 degrees centigrade to 400 degrees centigrade with the temperature that forms the roller surface of cladding layer, to the roll insulation after this cooling 3 hours to 8 hours; And
S52 slowly cools to room temperature with described roll.
Process by above-mentioned insulation slow cooling, can eliminate the stress that described roll produces in laser cladding process, the generation of Crack prevention.The process of described insulation slow cooling also can utilize described temperature control unit 100 to realize.
Process the quality that can improve on the one hand cladding layer by the insulation slow cooling after the insulation of above-mentioned thermal pretreatment, laser cladding process roll and laser melting coating, the generation that cracks etc. as cladding layer as described in can preventing, and can reduce the internal stress of described roll; The working efficiency of described laser melting coating repaired roller can be improved on the other hand, thereby the cladding layer of wide focal beam spot, large thickness can be realized.
The method of above-mentioned laser melting coating further comprises the step of a udst separation, absorbing the smog that produces in described laser cladding process, and further purifies by modes such as filtrations.
The method of above-mentioned laser melting coating can further be included in after described step S5 the step to described roll quality check and the processing of unloading.This step is mainly carried out visual appearance, cladding layer size, cladding layer surface hardness and non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) to the roll after described laser melting coating reparation and is detected, and then carries out mechanical workout or replica according to the service requirements of described roll.
See also Fig. 6-7, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a laser cladding apparatus 20 to form cladding layer at described roller surface.Described laser cladding apparatus 20 comprises a laser apparatus 1, slide rail 2, robot 3, optical fiber 4, roller frame 6, worktable 7, cladding processing head 8, gravity powder feed system 9.
Described roller frame 6 is fixed on described worktable 7, and described roll 5 is arranged on described roller frame 6 also rotatable.Described robot 3 is used for operation cladding processing head 8, thereby described robot 3 is arranged on and can drives described cladding processing head 8 on described slide rail 2 along the axial motion of described roll 5.Described laser apparatus 1 is connected with described optical fiber 4 with Laser Transmission that laser apparatus 1 is produced to described cladding processing head 8.Described gravity powder feed system 9 arranges near described cladding processing head 8, further comprises a powder-feeding nozzle 11, is used for described coated material is delivered to described roll 5 surfaces.
Described laser cladding apparatus 20 further comprises described temperature control unit 100, and described roll 5 is arranged in the casing of described temperature control unit 100, and carries out laser melting coating by described opening 1231.
The working process of this laser cladding apparatus 20 is specific as follows: at first described roll 5 is carried out thermal pretreatment, after described roll 5 reaches described the first preset temperature and is incubated 1-3 hour, begin to carry out described laser melting coating processing.In laser cladding process, described temperature control unit 100 interrupter duties are to keep described roll to remain on described the second preset temperature.Described robot 3 axially at the uniform velocity slides along roll 5 according to the speed of setting under the slip of slide rail 2 drives, and described gravity powder feed system 9 is delivered to roll 5 surfaces with pulverous coated material by described powder-feeding nozzle 11.Then, the laser that described laser apparatus 1 produces transfers to described cladding processing head 8 by described optical fiber 4 and arrival roll 5 surfaces after expanding focusing, thereby described pulverous coated material and roll 5 fusings are formed a laser molten pool 12, then, roll 5 twirl are carried out next regional laser melting coating, and original laser molten pool 12 rapid solidifications form described cladding layer 10.Above-mentioned cladding process adopts the laser technical parameters of described step S4.After the laser melting coating on whole roll 5 surfaces is completed, described roll 5 is carried out described insulation slow cooling process.
Be appreciated that laser cladding method of the present invention is not limited to implement by above-mentioned laser cladding apparatus 20.
It is half steel that described roll is chosen material.The dimensions of this roll is 900 millimeters * 1550 millimeters * 2750 millimeters of Φ.The dimensions of described roll refers to the total length of diameter, face length and the roll of roll.Described cladding layer is arranged on the working face of described roll.Adopt aforesaid method of the present invention to carry out the laser melting coating repair process to this roll.Wherein, the processing parameter of laser cladding process is:
(1) laser melting and coating process: laser power 10KW, sweep velocity 720mm/min, spot diameter 15x1.5mm, overlapping rate 50%, single track cladding thickness 3.5mm, powder feeding width 15mm, cladding material is iron(-)base powder.
(2) heat treatment process parameter: 550-580 ℃ of roll preheating temperature rate of heating 200 ℃ ∕ hours, is incubated 1.5 hours; In cladding process, the heat tracing temperature is 520 ± 20 ℃; Process finishing is carried out the insulation of 380 ± 20 ℃, 5 hours at once, and the slow cooling of then cutting off the power supply is to room temperature.
In the present embodiment, adopt optical fiber laser, described cladding processing head 8 adopts the broadband integral mirror of focal distance f=400mm as focusing lens.
In the present embodiment, described coated material adopts iron(-)base powder.This iron(-)base powder granularity 140-320 order, 1250 ℃ of fusing points.In described iron(-)base powder, each composition and mass percent are as shown in the table:
| Composition | C | Si | Mn | V | Cr | W | Mo | Ni | Fe |
| Content | 0.90% | 0.30% | 0.25% | 1.80% | 4.5% | 6.2% | 5.1% | ≤0.2% | Surplus |
After testing, the cladding layer thickness that forms at described roller surface reaches 35 millimeters, and hardness is high, and accessible hardness standard is HRC60-65.In addition, this cladding layer red hardness is good, and wear resisting property is good, is fit to bear vibrations and shock load.
See also Fig. 8, described cladding layer grain structure height refinement is fine and close, tissue is main by phase composites such as a large amount of needle type martensites, carbide and a small amount of retained austenites, carbide hardness is very high, a large amount of even dispersion are distributed in the layer tissue, strengthen under acting in conjunction in the even dispersion of martensite and carbide, make described cladding layer extreme hardness, have good wear resisting property, resistance to shock loads performance and red hardness, can satisfy well the applying working condition requirement of roll.Roll after processing is after Metallurgical Enterprise uses on the machine, and steel transportation amount improves 2.5 times, and the roller consumption has reduced by 30%, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment and difference from Example 1 are:
Roll material is 70Mn2, and specification is 650 millimeters * 1250 millimeters * 2050 millimeters of φ.Adopt the inventive method to carry out the laser melting coating reparation to this roller working face, technological process is as follows:
(1) laser melting and coating process: laser power 8KW, sweep velocity 600mm/min, spot diameter 15x1.5mm, overlapping rate 40%, single track cladding thickness 3.0mm, powder feeding width 15mm;
(2) heat treatment process parameter: 480-520 ℃ of roll preheating temperature rate of heating 150 ℃ ∕ hours, is incubated 1 hour; In cladding process, the heat tracing temperature is 450 ± 20 ℃; Process finishing is carried out the insulation of 380 ± 20 ℃, 4 hours at once, and the slow cooling of then cutting off the power supply is to room temperature.
In the present embodiment, roll has obtained good high-speed steel alloy cladding layer after laser melting coating is repaired, and described cladding layer hardness reaches HRC61-64, and thickness reaches 35mm.The machined rear non-destructive test(ing)(NDT) of this cladding layer detects good, without the cladding crackle, the quality shortcoming such as be mingled with, satisfies this roller and uses on the machine requirement.
See also Fig. 9, can find out from the metallographic microstructure photo of this embodiment, the refinement of alloy cladding layer grain structure height, densification, a large amount of carbide even dispersion is distributed in the layer tissue, the microhardness average reaches HV788, and extreme hardness has good wear resistance.The roll of the present embodiment is after the laser melting coating reparation is used, and steel transportation amount improves 2.2 times, and the roller consumption has reduced by 40%, and economic benefit is obvious.
The laser cladding method that is applied to roll that the embodiment of the present invention provides is owing to adopting above-mentioned laser cladding technological parameter, thereby has following beneficial effect:
1, can obtain high-quality fine and close refinement microstructure of surface cladding layer without shortcoming, and cladding layer alloying constituent and stable and reliable for performance;
2, can realize the big area of high hardness material, the cladding processing of multilayer, cladding layer thickness reaches 35mm, and the cladding area is at 4m
2Above, layer hardness reaches HRC60-65;
3, production efficiency is high, and power consumption is few.Described coated material clinkering efficient reaches 17.5 Qian Ke ∕ hour, and the more traditional overlaying method of energy consumption can reduce 50%;
4, process controllability is good, and labour intensity is low, easily is automated production;
5, after the roll repaired of the present invention used on the machine, steel transportation amount improved more than 2.2 times, and the roller consumption reduces more than 30%, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other variation in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention is within all should being included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (10)
1. laser cladding method that is applied to roll comprises the following steps:
One roll is provided;
The described roll of preheating makes described roller surface remain on the first preset temperature;
Roller surface with the coated material laser melting coating after described preheating forms a cladding layer, keep described roller surface at one second preset temperature in this laser cladding process, this second preset temperature is less than this first preset temperature, and the temperature difference of this second preset temperature and the first preset temperature is no more than 50 degrees centigrade; And
The roll after described laser melting coating is processed in the insulation slow cooling.
2. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the processing parameter of described laser melting coating is: laser power is 8.0 kilowatts to 10.0 kilowatts, the laser melting coating scanning speed is 600 mm/min to 720 mm/min, focused spot size is 15 millimeters long * 1.5 mm wides, and overlapping rate is 20% to 50%, and single track cladding thickness is 3.0 millimeters to 3.5 millimeters, the powder feeding width is 5 millimeters to 25 millimeters, and powder sending quantity is 300 gram/minute to 400 gram/minute.
3. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described the first preset temperature is 320 degrees centigrade to 580 degrees centigrade.
4. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described the second preset temperature is 300 degrees centigrade to 540 degrees centigrade.
5. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the insulation slow cooling is treated to the roller temperature after described laser melting coating is controlled between 360 degrees centigrade to 400 degrees centigrade and is incubated 5-7 hour, and then slow cooling is to room temperature.
6. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described preheating comprises the following steps:
Described roll is divided into a plurality of sections;
The local temperature of roll in each section of Real-time Collection;
According to the temperature in the roll that collects each described zone, the temperature of roll in each described section of dynamic adjustments makes the temperature of roll in each described section all remain on described the first preset temperature.
7. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, repeated above-mentioned preheating, laser melting coating to form the multilayer cladding layer at described roller surface before the step of described insulation slow cooling.
8. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described coated material is a kind of in Ni-based, iron-based and Co-based alloy powder, and the granularity of this coated material is 100 order to 400 orders.
9. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described coated material is iron(-)base powder, and granularity is 140 orders-320 orders, in this iron(-)base powder, the mass percent of each composition is: carbon: 0.90%, silicon: 0.30%, manganese: 0.25%, chromium: 4.5%, tungsten: 6.2%, molybdenum: 5.1%, vanadium: 1.80%, iron surplus.
10. the laser cladding method that is applied to roll as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described coated material carries the powder mode by argon gas gas and is transported to described roller surface, and utilizes argon gas protection in described laser cladding process.
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| CN107164756A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-09-15 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | A kind of laser melting coating metal dust for repairing H13 mould steel |
| CN107164756B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2018-03-09 | 北京机科国创轻量化科学研究院有限公司 | A kind of laser melting coating metal dust for repairing H13 mould steel |
| CN107740028A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-02-27 | 常州大学 | A kind of laser thermal spraying on-line heating temperature control device |
| CN108823566A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 芜湖彰鸿工程技术有限公司 | A kind of roll laser cladding alloy material improving toughness |
| CN108823566B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-12-25 | 莱芜盛鼎特殊冶金材料再制造有限公司 | Roller laser cladding alloy material with improved toughness |
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| CN110468406A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-19 | 中机智能装备创新研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Wear-resistant coating and preparation method thereof, the cutter ring of shield hobboing cutter, shield hobboing cutter and shield machine |
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