CN110923700A - Steel surface coating, preparation method and device - Google Patents
Steel surface coating, preparation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110923700A CN110923700A CN201911178668.4A CN201911178668A CN110923700A CN 110923700 A CN110923700 A CN 110923700A CN 201911178668 A CN201911178668 A CN 201911178668A CN 110923700 A CN110923700 A CN 110923700A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 102100036439 Amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 101000928670 Homo sapiens Amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Abstract
The invention relates to a steel surface coating, a preparation method and a device, wherein the coating is prepared from iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder. The device comprises a laser, a transmission optical fiber, a high-speed laser cladding head, a powder feeder, a numerical control machine tool, an induction power supply, an induction coil, an infrared thermometer, a temperature controller and the like. The method can prepare the iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based and even metal ceramic composite cladding layer with the hardness of more than 68HRC, can reduce the residual stress and the cracking tendency of the cladding layer, solves the problem that the cladding layer with large area, large thickness and high hardness is easy to crack when being prepared by high-speed laser cladding, can ensure that the thickness of the cladding layer can reach more than 15mm, the cladding linear velocity can reach 25m/min to 300m/min, and the cladding efficiency can reach 300 g/min.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel surface treatment and laser processing, in particular to a steel surface coating, a preparation method and a device.
Background
In the field of machining, wear-resistant, high-temperature-resistant or corrosion-resistant treatment is often required to be performed on a metal surface, and laser cladding is one of methods for forming a high-performance coating on the metal surface. The high-speed laser cladding is an advanced laser cladding technology proposed by Fraunhofer research, and compared with the traditional laser cladding technology, the method is mainly different in the action mode of powder and laser beams in the laser cladding process. During high-speed laser cladding, the powder is directly heated to a molten or semi-molten liquid state by a focused laser beam before entering a laser molten pool, and then liquid metal is sprayed to the molten pool on the surface of the metal substrate to form a high-performance cladding layer. In the high-speed laser cladding process, laser energy is mainly used to melt the powder material. For example, chinese patent application publication No. CN108220951A discloses an ultra-high speed laser cladding system, which utilizes high-speed rotation of a workpiece to obtain a cladding linear velocity of 25m/min to 200m/min, and forms a dense cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece by changing the interaction between laser and powder. Compared with the traditional laser cladding, the invention can improve the cladding efficiency by tens of times, and the obtained cladding layer is completely metallurgically combined, has high surface smoothness, high material utilization rate and low energy consumption, can greatly save the production cost and improve the production efficiency.
Compared with the traditional laser cladding technology, the high-speed cladding has the technical advantages of high efficiency, low dilution rate, small heat input and deformation, smooth cladding layer surface and small machining allowance. However, the high-speed cladding linear speed is extremely high, and the cooling rate of a molten pool is extremely high, so that the residual stress of a cladding layer is large. Therefore, high-speed laser cladding is easy to cause cracking when preparing a cladding layer with large area, large thickness and high hardness. At present, high-speed laser cladding is mainly used for preparing corrosion-resistant coatings for coal mine hydraulic support and the like, and for high-hardness coatings, the requirements of high hardness and high laser cladding efficiency are difficult to meet at the same time. Secondly, in the simple high-speed cladding, the dilution rate is low, and the bonding strength of the cladding layer and the substrate is reduced due to the small disturbance of the process parameters, and even the cladding layer is peeled off. In addition, the liquid state retention time of the high-speed cladding layer is extremely short, so that on one hand, bubbles mixed in the high-speed cladding layer do not have enough time to escape, and on the other hand, the completely melted metal powder forms unfused fusion in the cladding layer, so that the compactness of the high-speed laser cladding layer is lower than that of the traditional laser cladding layer.
In order to improve the laser cladding efficiency and reduce the residual stress and cracking risk of a cladding layer, the Chinese patent application with the publication number of CN101070595A discloses a method and a device for preparing a material coating by laser induction composite cladding. However, in the laser induction hybrid cladding process, cladding powder is delivered into a laser molten pool or is pre-arranged on the surface of a substrate in the form of solid particles, and laser beam energy is mainly used for forming the molten pool on the surface of the substrate, so that the cladding efficiency is difficult to further improve. The maximum scanning degree of the laser induction composite cladding disclosed in the chinese patent application with publication number CN108456879A is only 30m/min, which is much lower than the scanning speed of the high-speed cladding disclosed in CN108220951A, and in addition, the surface flatness of the laser induction composite cladding is lower than that of the high-speed cladding, and the subsequent processing allowance is larger due to the undulate surface during the multi-pass lap cladding, which causes cladding material waste.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a laser cladding coating with large area, large thickness, high hardness, smooth surface and excellent metallurgical quality.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method which is suitable for preparing the steel surface coating and can improve the laser cladding efficiency, improve the metallurgical quality of the high-speed laser cladding layer and reduce the residual stress and cracking risk of the cladding layer.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a device which is suitable for preparing the steel surface coating and can improve the laser cladding efficiency, improve the metallurgical quality of the high-speed laser cladding layer and reduce the residual stress and cracking risk of the cladding layer.
In order to realize the first object of the invention, the invention provides a steel surface coating which is prepared from iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder, the hardness of the coating can reach 68HRC at most, the thickness of the coating can reach 15mm at most, and the coating has no metallurgical defects such as cracks, pores and the like. The further technical proposal is that the particle size of the iron-based alloy powder is 275 meshes to 500 meshes.
The further technical scheme is that the granularity of the nickel-based alloy powder is 300 meshes to 500 meshes.
The further technical scheme is that the particle size of the cobalt-based alloy powder is 275-500 meshes.
In order to achieve the second object of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing a steel surface coating in any one of the above aspects, comprising the steps of:
carrying out oil and rust removal treatment on the surface of a steel workpiece to be clad, and clamping the workpiece on a rotating main shaft of a numerical control machine tool;
adjusting the positions of the induction coil and the high-speed laser cladding head relative to the workpiece; the induction coil is arranged on at least one of the front side and the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head along the rotation direction of the rotating main shaft;
iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder are filled into a hopper of a powder feeder;
the induction coil heats the surface of the workpiece; a laser beam emitted by a laser enters a high-speed laser cladding head and then is emitted to the surface of a workpiece; iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder enters a high-speed laser cladding head through a powder feeder, is melted or semi-melted under the action of laser beams emitted by a laser, and is sprayed to the surface of a workpiece through the high-speed laser cladding head.
The further technical scheme is that the gap between the induction coil and the workpiece is 1mm to 15mm, and the heating temperature of the induction coil is 100 ℃ to 900 ℃.
The further technical proposal is that the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 10g/min to 300 g/min.
The further technical scheme is that the spot diameter of the laser beam is 1mm to 5mm, and the laser power is 500W to 15000W.
The further technical scheme is that the rotating speed of the numerical control machine tool is adjusted, so that the laser scanning speed is 25m/min to 300m/min, and the overlapping rate is 20% to 50%.
The further technical scheme is that the workpiece is clamped on a chuck connected with a rotating spindle of the numerical control machine tool, and a center which is opposite to the chuck is aligned to a center hole of the workpiece and is tightly pushed.
The further technical scheme is that the surface temperature of the workpiece is measured by an infrared thermometer, and the induction coil is controlled to heat according to the temperature.
The further technical scheme is that at least one layer of cladding layer is sprayed on the surface of the workpiece according to the requirement of the thickness of the coating.
The further technical scheme is that the workpiece is made of 27SiMn steel, 40Cr steel, H13 steel, MC3 steel or 20SiMn steel.
To achieve the third object of the present invention, the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing a steel surface coating in any one of the above aspects, comprising: the numerical control machine tool comprises a rotating main shaft, a chuck and a tip; the chuck is connected to the rotating main shaft, and the center is arranged opposite to the chuck; the high-speed laser cladding mechanism comprises a laser, a high-speed laser cladding head and a powder feeder; the light path of the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the high-speed laser cladding head; a hopper is arranged at the first end of the powder feeder, and the second end of the powder feeder is communicated with the high-speed laser cladding head; the induction heating mechanism comprises an induction coil, and the induction coil is arranged on at least one of the front side and the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head along the rotating direction of the rotating main shaft.
The further technical scheme is that a laser is connected with the high-speed laser cladding head through an optical fiber.
The further technical scheme is that the induction heating mechanism further comprises an infrared thermometer, a temperature controller and an induction power supply which are sequentially connected through data lines, and the induction power supply is electrically connected with the induction coil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a coating for a steel surface, the coating can be prepared from iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder, the hardness of the coating can reach more than 68HRC, the thickness can reach more than 15mm, the coating has good wear resistance, and the coating is particularly suitable for preparing the steel surface coating by a high-speed laser cladding method.
(2) The invention provides an induction heating assisted high-speed laser cladding method, which is characterized in that an induction coil is adopted to synchronously heat a substrate while high-speed laser cladding is carried out, composite processing is realized, the cooling rate of a molten pool can be properly reduced, the residual stress and the cracking tendency of a cladding layer are reduced, the problem that the cladding layer with large area, large thickness and high hardness is easy to crack when being prepared by pure high-speed laser cladding is solved, particularly, the cracking behavior caused by overlarge residual stress when the high-hardness coating is clad at high speed can be avoided, and the metallurgical quality of the high-speed laser cladding layer is improved. Moreover, the invention can obviously improve the high-speed cladding production efficiency, the cladding linear speed can reach 25m/min to 300m/min, and the cladding efficiency can reach 300 g/min.
(3) The invention provides an induction heating assisted high-speed laser cladding device which comprises a laser, a high-speed laser cladding head, a powder feeder, a numerical control machine, an induction coil and the like. The laser, the powder feeder and the high-speed laser cladding head realize high-speed cladding processing, the numerical control machine tool realizes relative motion between a workpiece and the high-speed laser cladding head, and the induction coil realizes preheating and post-heating or two functions of preheating and post-heating. The device disclosed by the invention can slow down the cooling rate of a molten pool, reduce the residual stress and cracking risk of a cladding layer, and can obviously improve the laser absorption rate of a metal substrate, reduce the laser energy required by the substrate to form the molten pool, and further improve the high-speed cladding processing efficiency. The device can also comprise an optical fiber for transmitting laser beams and an infrared thermometer for measuring temperature, wherein the infrared thermometer, the temperature controller, the induction power supply and the induction coil form a closed-loop system to realize heating and temperature control of the substrate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an induction-assisted high-speed cladding apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the high-speed laser cladding head, the induction coil and the workpiece in the embodiment of the induction-assisted high-speed cladding device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the high-speed laser cladding head, the induction coil and the workpiece in another embodiment of the induction-assisted high-speed cladding apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the high-speed laser cladding head, the induction coil and the workpiece in another embodiment of the induction-assisted high-speed cladding apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, in order to prepare a workpiece surface coating, the embodiment provides a high-speed laser cladding apparatus, which includes a laser 1, an optical fiber 2, a high-speed laser cladding head 3, an induction power supply 5, an induction coil 6, an infrared thermometer 7, a temperature controller 8, a powder feeder 9, a tip 11, a numerical control machine 12, and a chuck 13.
Wherein, a laser beam 4 generated by the laser 1 enters the high-speed laser cladding head 3 through the optical fiber 2 and then is incident to the surface of the metal matrix 10; the induction power supply 5 is in point connection with the induction coil 6, the induction coil 6 heats the workpiece 10, the induction heating temperature of the workpiece 10 is detected by the infrared thermometer 7, and the infrared thermometer 7, the temperature controller 8 and the induction power supply 5 are connected through data lines, so that the closed-loop control of the induction heating temperature of the workpiece 10 is realized; the powder feeder 9 feeds iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder into the high-speed laser cladding head 3, and the laser beam 4 heats the alloy powder to be in a liquid state and then sprays the alloy powder to the surface of the workpiece 10; the chuck 13 and the tip 11 mount the workpiece 10 on the numerical control machine 12. Wherein the workpiece 10 may be a metal substrate and the laser beam 4 is focused.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the cross section of the induction coil 6 around the workpiece 10 is a ring shape with a gap where the high-speed laser cladding head 3 sprays, that is, the induction coil 6 is disposed at the front side and the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head 3 in the rotation direction of the rotating spindle, so as to realize preheating and post-heating of the workpiece 10. In other embodiments of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the cross section of the induction coil 6 may be an arc shape, and is disposed at the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head 3 along the rotation direction of the rotating spindle to preheat the workpiece 10. As shown in fig. 4, the cross section of the induction coil 6 around the workpiece 10 may be an arc shape, and is disposed at the front side of the high-speed laser cladding head 3 along the rotation direction of the rotating spindle to realize post-heating of the workpiece 10.
The embodiment also provides an induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding method implemented in the device, which adopts the induction coil 6 to preheat, post-heat or preheat and post-heat the surface of the workpiece 10 to a set temperature; opening the automatic powder feeder 9, and adjusting the powder feeding speed and the powder feeding air flow to reasonable parameters; and starting the laser 1 and the motion control system, focusing the laser beam 4 to heat the alloy powder to a molten or semi-molten liquid state above the workpiece 10, spraying the metal droplets to the surface of the workpiece 10 which moves at a relatively high speed with the laser cladding head 4 under the action of the powder feeding airflow, and melting the metal droplets and the shallow layer of the surface of the workpiece 10 to form a cladding layer under the heating action of the laser beam 4 and the induction coil 6. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out oil and rust removal treatment on the surface of the workpiece 10 to be clad, and clamping the workpiece on a rotating main shaft of a numerical control machine 12.
(2) And adjusting the relative position of the induction coil 6 and the workpiece 10 to realize preheating and post-heating or preheating and post-heating of the workpiece 10. The gap between the workpiece 10 and the induction coil 6 is 1mm to 15mm, and the induction heating temperature is set to 100 ℃ to 900 ℃.
(3) Iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder are filled into a hopper 9 of a powder feeder, and the powder feeding amount is adjusted to be 10g/min to 300g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of a high-speed laser cladding head 3 to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 1mm to 5 mm; the power of the laser 1 is set between 500W and 15000W, the laser scanning speed is controlled between 25m/min and 300m/min, and the lapping rate is controlled between 20 percent and 50 percent.
(5) And the induction power supply 8, the powder feeder 9, the laser 1 and the numerical control system are synchronously started to realize high-speed cladding processing, and multilayer high-speed cladding processing can be realized according to the coating thickness requirement. The workpiece 10 can be axially processed by the axial movement of the numerical control machine or the movement of the high-speed laser cladding mechanism and the induction heating mechanism.
Specifically, examples of the preparation of the steel surface coating using the above apparatus and method are as follows:
example 1
An induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding technology is adopted, a wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of hydraulic support 27SiMn steel with the diameter of 70mm, and rockit401 iron-based alloy powder is adopted, and the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating comprises the following components (Wt.%): 0.15C-18.5Cr-0.5Mo-2.5Ni-77Fe-0.5 Mn-Others. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) removing oil stains and iron rust on the surface of the hydraulic support base body, clamping the hydraulic support base body on a chuck of a numerical control machine tool, and accurately centering a center hole of the hydraulic support by using a tip to be tightly jacked;
(2) the induction heating coil and the heating mode shown in FIG. 3 are adopted, the gap between the workpiece and the induction coil is adjusted to be 1mm, the workpiece is preheated, and the induction heating temperature is set to be 900 ℃;
(3) charging Rockit401 iron-based alloy powder into a hopper of a powder feeder, and adjusting the powder feeding amount to 300g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of the high-speed laser cladding head to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 5 mm; the laser power was set at 15000W; adjusting the rotating speed of the numerical control machine tool, controlling the laser scanning rate at 300m/min and controlling the lapping rate at 30%;
(5) synchronously starting an induction power supply, a powder feeder, a laser and a numerical control system to realize high-speed cladding processing; and detecting the thickness, hardness and surface quality of the cladding layer, ensuring that the thickness of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 55HRC, and the surface of the cladding layer is free from metallurgical defects such as cracks, air holes and the like by penetration flaw detection.
Example 2
An induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding technology is adopted to prepare a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating on the surface of a 40Cr steel bar with the diameter of 100mm, and Ni65 nickel-based alloy powder is adopted, and the components are as follows (Wt%): 0.8C-16Cr-4Si-3.2B-15Fe-5W-bal. Ni, the powder granularity is 300 meshes to 500 meshes. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) removing oil stains and iron rust on the surface of the 40Cr steel bar substrate, clamping the substrate on a chuck of a numerical control machine tool, and accurately finding a center hole of the 40Cr steel bar substrate by using a tip;
(2) an induction heating mode shown in FIG. 2 is adopted, the gap between the workpiece and the induction coil is adjusted to be 15mm, preheating and post-heating of the workpiece are realized, and the induction heating temperature is set to be 800 ℃;
(3) putting Ni65 alloy powder into a hopper of a powder feeder, and adjusting the powder feeding amount to be 100g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of a high-speed laser cladding head to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 3 mm; the laser power is set at 5000W, the laser scanning speed is controlled at 50m/min, and the lapping rate is controlled at 50%;
(5) synchronously starting an induction power supply, a powder feeder, a laser and a numerical control system to realize high-speed cladding processing; and detecting the thickness, hardness and surface quality of the cladding layer, ensuring that the thickness of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 0.8mm, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 65HRC, and the surface of the cladding layer is free from metallurgical defects such as cracks, air holes and the like by penetration flaw detection.
Example 3
The induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding technology is adopted, a high-temperature wear-resistant and oxidation-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of an H13 hot extrusion die with the diameter of 200mm, and Stellite No. 12 cobalt-based alloy powder is adopted, and the components (Wt.%): 1.4C-29.5Cr-1.45Si-3.0Fe-8.25W-0.5Mn-3.0Ni-bal. Co, and the powder granularity is 275 meshes to 500 meshes. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) removing oil stains and iron rust on the surface of the H13 hot extrusion die matrix, clamping the H13 hot extrusion die matrix on a chuck of a numerical control machine tool, and aligning the center hole of the H13 hot extrusion die matrix by using a tip;
(2) adjusting the gap between the workpiece and the induction coil to be 5mm by adopting an induction heating mode shown in FIG. 4, so as to realize the post-heating of the workpiece, wherein the induction heating temperature is set to be 100 ℃;
(3) loading stellite No. 12 alloy powder into a powder feeder hopper, and adjusting the powder feeding amount to 10g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of a high-speed laser cladding head to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 1 mm; the laser power is set at 500W, the laser scanning rate is controlled at 25m/min, and the lap joint rate is controlled at 50%;
(5) synchronously starting an induction power supply, a powder feeder, a laser and a numerical control system to realize high-speed cladding processing; and detecting the thickness, hardness and surface quality of the cladding layer, ensuring that the thickness of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 0.3mm, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 42HRC, and the surface of the cladding layer is free from metallurgical defects such as cracks, air holes and the like by penetration flaw detection.
Example 4
An induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding technology is adopted, a wear-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of a cold-rolled MC3 steel working roll with the diameter of 280mm, and Fe65 alloy powder is adopted, and the wear-resistant coating comprises the following components (Wt%): 0.9C-15.6Cr-0.4Si-1.1B-1.5Mo-1.5Si-bal. Fe, and the powder particle size is 275-500 meshes. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) removing oil stains and iron rust on the surface of the MC3 steel cold-rolled working roll base body, clamping the MC3 steel cold-rolled working roll base body on a chuck of a numerical control machine tool, and aligning a center hole of the steel cold-rolled working roll base body by adopting a tip;
(2) an induction heating mode shown in FIG. 3 is adopted, the gap between the workpiece and the induction coil is adjusted to be 15mm, the workpiece is preheated, and the induction heating temperature is set to be 600 ℃;
(3) fe65 alloy powder is filled into a hopper of a powder feeder, and the powder feeding amount is adjusted to 200g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of a high-speed laser cladding head to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 3 mm; the laser power is set at 6000W, the laser scanning rate is controlled at 200m/min, and the lap joint rate is controlled at 20%;
(5) synchronously starting an induction power supply, a powder feeder, a laser and a numerical control system to realize high-speed cladding processing, wherein after one layer is processed, a cladding head and an induction coil are raised by corresponding thickness to realize high-speed cladding processing of the next layer until a cladding layer reaches the designed thickness; and detecting the thickness, hardness and surface quality of the cladding layer, ensuring that the thickness of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 15mm, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 65HRC, and the surface of the cladding layer is free from metallurgical defects such as cracks, air holes and the like by penetration flaw detection.
Example 5
An induction-assisted high-speed laser cladding technology is adopted, a wear-resistant corrosion-resistant coating is prepared on the surface of a 20SiMn steel bar with the diameter of 100mm, and Ni60+50% WC ceramic composite alloy powder is adopted, wherein the granularity of the Ni60 alloy powder is 300 meshes to 500 meshes, and the granularity of WC particles is 75 meshes to 150 meshes. The implementation steps are as follows:
(1) removing oil stains and iron rust on the surface of the 20SiMn steel bar matrix, clamping the 20SiMn steel bar matrix on a chuck of a numerical control machine tool, and accurately finding a central hole of the 20SiMn steel bar matrix by using a tip;
(2) an induction heating mode shown in FIG. 2 is adopted, the gap between the workpiece and the induction coil is adjusted to be 15mm, preheating and post-heating of the workpiece are realized, and the induction heating temperature is set to be 900 ℃;
(3) loading the ceramic composite alloy powder into a hopper of a powder feeder, and adjusting the powder feeding amount to be 120g/min;
(4) adjusting the position of a high-speed laser cladding head to obtain a circular light spot with the diameter of 3 mm; the laser power is set at 3000W, the laser scanning speed is controlled at 40m/min, and the lapping rate is controlled at 20%;
(5) synchronously starting an induction power supply, a powder feeder, a laser and a numerical control system to realize high-speed cladding processing; and detecting the thickness, hardness and surface quality of the cladding layer, ensuring that the thickness of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 0.5mm, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 68HRC, and the surface of the cladding layer is free from metallurgical defects such as cracks, air holes and the like by penetration flaw detection.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A steel surface coating characterized by: is prepared from iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder; the steel surface coating has a smooth surface, the hardness can reach 68HRC, and the thickness can reach 15 mm.
2. A steel surface coating according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the iron-based alloy powder is rockit401 iron-based alloy powder or Fe65 iron-based alloy powder;
the nickel-based alloy powder is Ni65 nickel-based alloy powder;
the cobalt-based alloy powder is Stratil No. 12 cobalt-based alloy powder;
the metal ceramic composite alloy powder is Ni60+50% WC ceramic composite alloy powder;
the particle size of the iron-based alloy powder is 275-500 meshes;
the granularity of the nickel-based alloy powder is 300-500 meshes;
the cobalt-based alloy powder has a particle size of 275 to 500 meshes.
3. A preparation method of a steel surface coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out oil and rust removal treatment on the surface of a workpiece to be clad, and clamping the workpiece on a rotating main shaft of a numerical control machine tool; the workpiece is made of steel;
adjusting the positions of the induction coil and the high-speed laser cladding head relative to the workpiece; the induction coil is arranged on the front side, the rear side or the front side and the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head along the rotation direction of the rotating main shaft;
iron-based alloy powder, nickel-based alloy powder, cobalt-based alloy powder or metal ceramic composite alloy powder are filled into a hopper of a powder feeder;
the induction coil heats the surface of the workpiece; a laser beam emitted by a laser enters the high-speed laser cladding head and then is emitted to the surface of the workpiece; and the iron-based alloy powder, the nickel-based alloy powder, the cobalt-based alloy powder or the metal ceramic composite alloy powder enters the high-speed laser cladding head through the powder feeder, is melted or semi-melted under the action of the laser beam emitted by the laser, and is sprayed to the surface of the workpiece through the high-speed laser cladding head.
4. The production method according to claim 3, characterized in that:
the gap between the induction coil and the workpiece is 1mm to 15mm, and the heating temperature of the induction coil is 100 ℃ to 900 ℃.
5. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 10g/min to 300g/min;
the diameter of a light spot of the laser beam is 1mm to 5mm, and the power of the laser is 500W to 15000W;
and adjusting the rotating speed of the numerical control machine tool to ensure that the laser scanning speed is 25m/min to 300m/min and the lap joint rate is 20 percent to 50 percent.
6. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
clamping the workpiece on a chuck connected with a rotating spindle of the numerical control machine tool, and aligning and tightly jacking a center hole of the workpiece by a tip opposite to the chuck;
measuring the surface temperature of the workpiece by an infrared thermometer, and controlling the induction coil to heat according to the temperature;
and spraying at least one cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece according to the thickness requirement of the coating.
7. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
the workpiece is made of 27SiMn steel, 40Cr steel, H13 steel, MC3 steel or 20SiMn steel.
8. The production method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that:
the iron-based alloy powder is rockit401 iron-based alloy powder or Fe65 iron-based alloy powder;
the nickel-based alloy powder is Ni65 nickel-based alloy powder;
the cobalt-based alloy powder is Stratil No. 12 cobalt-based alloy powder;
the metal ceramic composite alloy powder is Ni60+50% WC ceramic composite alloy powder.
9. An apparatus for coating a steel surface, comprising:
the numerical control machine tool comprises a rotating main shaft, a chuck and a tip; the chuck is connected to the rotating main shaft, and the tip is arranged opposite to the chuck;
the high-speed laser cladding mechanism comprises a laser, a high-speed laser cladding head and a powder feeder; the light path of the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the high-speed laser cladding head; a hopper is arranged at the first end of the powder feeder, and the second end of the powder feeder is communicated with the high-speed laser cladding head;
the induction heating mechanism comprises an induction coil, and the induction coil is arranged on the front side, the rear side or the front side and the rear side of the high-speed laser cladding head along the rotating direction of the rotating main shaft.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the laser is connected with the high-speed laser cladding head through an optical fiber;
the induction heating mechanism further comprises an infrared thermometer, a temperature controller and an induction power supply which are sequentially connected through data lines, and the induction power supply is electrically connected with the induction coil.
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| CN113718245A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-30 | 无锡市福莱达石油机械有限公司 | Preparation method of high-hardness cladding coating of rotating member |
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| CN115058709A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-09-16 | 宜宾上交大新材料研究中心 | Method for laser cladding on surface of aluminum alloy |
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