CN101125394A - Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method and device - Google Patents
Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101125394A CN101125394A CN 200710052457 CN200710052457A CN101125394A CN 101125394 A CN101125394 A CN 101125394A CN 200710052457 CN200710052457 CN 200710052457 CN 200710052457 A CN200710052457 A CN 200710052457A CN 101125394 A CN101125394 A CN 101125394A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a laser induced composite cladding measure and device for the automatic powder feeder. The present invention couples the laser beam and the high frequency electromagnetic induction heating so as to realize the composite cladding between the laser and the induction heating. The device comprises a laser, a laser light guide device, a laser gathering system, a high frequency induction heater, a digital control machine tool and a workpiece holding device. In work, the distance between the surface of workpiece under treatment and the induction heating coil is 1 to 10 mm. The present invention has a strong commonality and can conduct surface treatment of laser induced composite cladding high performance material coat toward the surface of the solid components in various materials and the inner and outer surfaces of the tubular spare parts. The cladding measure is characterized in that: the high frequency induction heater heats up the workpieces simultaneously and the automatic power feeder is applied to deliver the cladding powder to the laser irradiation area on the surface of the workpiece, so the alloy powder is instantaneously melted under the action of laser beam to form an alloy layer; and the maximum cladding speed reaches 10 m/min and the cladding efficiency is improved by one to ten times than the regular laser cladding and the powder utilization rate exceeds 90 percent; the applicable cladding materials have a wide range, comprising various wear resistant, corrosion resistant materials or high temperature resistant oxidizing materials as well as the composite materials; moreover, the cladding layer has no pores and crackles.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method and device thereof.
Background technology
Laser melting and coating technique is to adopt the material of the laser beam of high-energy-density in surface of the work cladding one deck property, to improve the technology of its surface property.Compare with hot-spraying technique with traditional built-up welding, laser melting and coating technique has following advantage: (1) laser beam energy density height can be reduced to minimum degree with the heat affected area and the thermal deformation of workpiece in cladding process; (2) by regulating technological parameter, can obtain the cladding layer of dilution rate less than 10%wt; (3) cladding layer and base material form metallurgical binding, and the bond strength height is incrust; (4) by custom-designed light-conducting system, can carry out Laser Cladding Treatment, can obtain to satisfy the cladding layer of different size requirement in conjunction with the multiple tracks multilayer technique positions such as deep hole, endoporus and grooves; (5) laser melting and coating technique environmentally safe, the automaticity height.Therefore, has very wide application prospect in fields such as automobile, metallurgy, Aero-Space, boats and ships, rail transport.
Yet up to the present, the level of application that laser melting and coating technique obtains in industry does not reach the target of early stage anticipation, and main cause is: the one-time investment of (1) high power laser light process equipment is bigger, and the maintenance cost costliness; (2) laser melting coating efficient is far below traditional handicraft, and as built-up welding and thermal spraying, so the manufacturing cost of unit are coating is higher; (3) though laser and thermal spraying can be combined realization LASER HEAT spraying composite cladding technology (J.Suutala, J.Tuominen, P.Vuoristo.Laser-assisted spraying and laser treatment of thermally sprayed coatings, Surface﹠amp; Coatings Technology, 201 (2006): 1981-1987), can improve laser melting coating efficient, but because the Fast Heating of laser cladding process and cooled and solidified fast, characteristics that thermal stress is big, when laser melting coating was carried out on the massive material surface, cladding layer very easily cracked.Particularly at the substrate surface of solderability difference, crack problem is the major obstacle of laser melting coating difficult processing to go beyond always, has restricted this Industrial Application of Technology.
Base material is carried out The pre-heat treatment, reduce cladding layer cooling velocity and and base material between thermograde, be considered to eliminate the most effectual way of crackle.Yoshiwara and Kawaname (Method forsurface alloying metal with a high density energy beam and an alloy steel, United States, United States Patent, 4750947,1988) adopt heating furnace or oxyacetylene torch that workpiece is preheating to 600-800 ℃, reach in laser melting coating speed under the condition of 5.4m/min, obtained flawless cladding layer.The composite cladding technology of this pre-hot substrate is compared with the conventional laser cladding, and cladding efficient has improved 225% under same process parameter condition.But for the complex-shaped and big workpiece of size, the heating furnace of this Technology Need complexity is incubated for a long time, is easy to generate iron scale at surface of the work, has had a strong impact on the quality of laser cladding layer.Through the workpiece after the preheating in the stove quite high temperature is arranged, loading and unloading and holding workpiece and powder feeding processing head are also very inconvenient in the environment of high temperature, inefficiency not only, and operating personnel easily also burn.And adopt oxyacetylene torch to carry out preheating, workpiece be subjected to thermal process slow, the heat affected area is bigger, it is thick to cause base material to be organized, mechanical performance worsens.In addition, above-mentioned two kinds of composite cladding methods are merely able to the simple parts of outward appearance are carried out laser melting coating processing, can't carry out Laser Cladding Treatment to the inwall of complex parts or hollow component, and the versatility of its device is not strong.
On the other hand, in recent years, easy to operate eddy-current heating melting and coating technique has caused people's extensive interest.Induction cladding process technology can obtain large-area cladding layer, and production cost is low, the efficient height.But there is following shortcoming in the induction melting and coating technique: (1) cover material material fusion need be applied to substrate surface in advance, and cladding preparation amount is bigger; (2) fusing must be controlled between the liquid-solid two-phase, be prone to cladding layer and run off, thereby the compactness of cladding layer is poor slightly; (3) in the induction cladding process, institute's maximum temperature that can reach is limited, therefore is difficult to realize that for some dystectic alloy-layers cladding processes; (4) it is big to respond to the energy of the required consumption of cladding merely, and it is overheated easily to produce matrix, and product quality is wayward.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method, the cladding efficient height of this method, the probability that cladding layer produces pore and crackle descends significantly, and total quality improves comprehensively; The present invention also provides the device of realizing this method, and this device versatility is stronger, can carry out Laser Cladding Treatment to the surface of solid parts and the surfaces externally and internally of hollow component.
Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method provided by the invention, its step comprises:
1. the distance between workpiece to be processed and the load coil is controlled in the 1-10mm, adjusts focussed laser beam, make the laser focal beam spot act on the eddy-current heating district of workpiece to be processed or slightly lag behind the eddy-current heating district;
2. by load coil work is heated, the temperature that makes the workpiece to be processed surface is 500-1100 ℃, is blown into inert protective gas toward the eddy-current heating district simultaneously;
3. adopt the automatic powder feeding device alloy powder of want cladding to be delivered to the laser irradiation region on workpiece to be processed surface, utilize simultaneously laser beam in the workpiece to be processed or outer surface carry out laser melting coating, alloy powder melted in effect following moment of laser beam, formed alloy-layer; In the cladding process, the angle of powder jet and laser beam axis is controlled at 30 °-70 °, the terminal vertical range with workpiece to be processed of powder jet is 2-15mm, powder mass flow is 1-10kg/h, laser beam spot is oval hot spot or rectangular light spot, and laser power is 3-10KW, and induced power is 20-300KW, laser melting coating speed is 1-10m/min, and individual layer cladding bed thickness is 0.1-3mm;
4. judge whether cladding layer thickness reaches desired cladding layer thickness, if finish laser-induction composite cladding process, otherwise repeating step 2.-4..
Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating device provided by the invention comprises laser instrument, light-conducting system and focusing system, automatic powder feeding device and Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table; Laser instrument, light-conducting system and focusing system are positioned on the same light path, and the laser beam that laser instrument sends is transferred to focusing system through light-conducting system and is focused on, and focusing system is used for converting laser beam to ellipse or rectangular light spot exposes to surface of the work; The gas outlet of wireway is between focusing system and pending workpiece; The Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table comprises Digit Control Machine Tool and work holder; Work holder is fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool, is used to install pending workpiece; It is characterized in that:
This device also comprises induction heating apparatus, and induction heating apparatus comprises high-frequency induction heating power and load coil, and load coil is electrically connected with high-frequency induction heating power; During work, the distance between pending of load coil and pending workpiece is in the 1-10mm, and the powder jet of automatic powder feeding device and the angle of laser beam axis are 30 °-70 °.
The present invention combines high-frequency induction heating and laser melting and coating technique, can obtain to satisfy dimensional requirement and flawless cladding layer on the large-scale workpiece surface, and can increase substantially cladding speed and efficient.Low and easily cause shortcomings such as vitals damage for fear of the efficiency of heating surface of conventional heating means such as heating furnace or gas flame heating etc., the present invention combines laser and eddy-current heating, adopt the multiple tracks multilayer overlap joint melting and coating technique of synchronous automatic powder feeding, obtain the cladding layer of large tracts of land, pore-free, flawless, function admirable at surface of the work fast.Particularly, the present invention has following technique effect:
(1) superpower laser and high power induction heating apparatus are combined, wherein laser facula adopts oval hot spot or rectangular light spot, can make the metal dust deposition efficiency that laser induction composite covers in the process can reach 3-10kg/h or higher (depending on the distribution mode of the induced power that adopts, induction coil and the power of institute's employing laser instrument etc.), powder using efficiency can surpass 90%.
(2) it is convenient that the induction heating apparatus among the present invention is installed the location; According to the different load coil shapes and the relative position distribution of coil and laser beam, the heat treated that induction heating apparatus can be finished preheating, after heat or act on simultaneously with laser workpiece; Heated workpiece does not need to contact with the induction thermal source, and heat time heating time is short, and is easy to loading and unloading.Because the introducing of induction thermal source, the temperature of surface of the work significantly improves, the ratio that makes laser energy be used for heated substrate reduces, and consume more aspect the heating and fusing of powder, therefore the utilization rate of laser energy improves greatly, not only make laser melting coating speed increase substantially (scope is generally at 1-10m/min even higher), cladding efficient (refer to the unit interval can cladding the alloy powder quality) also be greatly improved.Volume according to the material of institute's cladding, base material is isoparametric different with thickness, and laser induction composite covers efficient can improve 1-10 doubly than the efficient of simple laser melting coating.
(3) apparatus of the present invention are easy to realize the needs area heated can accurately be located and control, and needn't carry out the integral body heating to workpiece, and are therefore unrestricted to the size and shape of workpiece.
(4) apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, and are easy and simple to handle, do not need closely manual operations of operating personnel, belong to synchronous mode of heating, overcome the shortcoming that conventional pre-heating mean firing rate is slow, heating-up temperature is not high, operating personnel can't be close.
(5) the eddy-current heating district is fed protective gas, oxidation or blue phenomenon appear in surface of the work when preventing temperature greater than 300 ℃.
(6) the inventive method and the suitable cladding material wide range of device comprise various wear-resisting, corrosion resistant materials, perhaps high temperature oxidation resisting material and composite.The ceramic-metal composite of nickel-base alloy and WC particle for example, the adjustable range of the quality percentage composition of tungsten carbide reaches 0-65%wt in the cladding layer, and cladding layer can be got rid of pore and crackle substantially.
(7) for the material of solderability differences such as rich chromium cast iron, forged steel and high-carbon high-alloy steel, the inventive method can obtain the cladding layer of pore-free, flawless and high rigidity.
In a word, major function of the present invention has two: the one, can increase substantially laser melting coating efficient; The 2nd, can effectively solve a cladding layer difficult problem easy to crack in the alloy material laser cladding process of solderability difference.The present invention can be used for the Laser Cladding Treatment on the inside and outside surface of the outer surface of various solid parts and tubular member, especially for the surface peening of axial workpiece such as machining large-sized workpiece such as roll, bent axle and large-scale tubing parts with repair with the obvious advantagely, have a extensive future.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 covers the device schematic diagram on small-size shaft class solid parts surface for laser induction composite;
Fig. 2 covers the device schematic diagram on macrotype axes series solid parts surface for laser induction composite;
Fig. 3 is the relative position schematic diagram of load coil and surface of the work among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 covers the device schematic diagram of processing tubing member outer surface for the laser induction composite that adopts single-turn induction coil;
Fig. 5 covers the device schematic diagram of processing tubing member outer surface for the laser induction composite that adopts the multiturn induction coil;
Fig. 6 covers the device schematic diagram of processing tubing parts inner surface for the laser induction composite that adopts single-turn induction coil;
Fig. 7 covers the device schematic diagram of processing tubing parts inner surface for the laser induction composite that adopts the multiturn induction coil;
Fig. 8 connects the clamping schematic diagram of load coil and powder-feeding nozzle when covering processing tubing parts inner surface for laser induction composite;
Fig. 9 is the relative position schematic diagram of load coil and surface of the work among Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The inventive method adopts following steps to realize:
(1) distance between workpiece and the special-purpose load coil is controlled in the 1-10mm, adjust the position that focussed laser beam acts on surface of the work, the laser focal beam spot is acted in the eddy-current heating zone, also can make the eddy-current heating zone omit in advance or lag behind the laser irradiation zone.According to the diverse location in laser beam and eddy-current heating zone relation, the heat treated that induction heating apparatus can be finished preheating, after heat or act on simultaneously with laser workpiece.
For high brittle base material, laser beam after the focusing navigates between the load coil, realizes the after heat slow cooling of laser induced heating simultaneously and workpiece, reduces the cooling velocity of cladding layer, therefore can reduce the cracking sensitivity of cladding layer, improve the quality and the performance of cladding layer.For the base material that certain plasticity is arranged, the laser focal beam spot is acted in the eddy-current heating zone, also can make the eddy-current heating zone slightly be ahead of the laser irradiation zone.When laser beam navigates between the coil of load coil, the number of turn of concrete load coil and be used for preheating and the coil ratio of after heat is selected according to working condition requirement.
(2) regulate induction heating power, the temperature that makes surface of the work is 500-1100 ℃.Simultaneously, adopt metal tube that the eddy-current heating district is blown into inert protective gas, prevent its oxidation.Adopt high-frequency induction heating apparatus that workpiece is heated, because the induction field of surface of the work is instantaneous can foundation of energising, utilize the kelvin effect of high-frequency induction effect, under high-power induction power supply effect, the temperature of surface of the work can reach the red heat state very soon.
(3) adopt the automatic powder feeding device that the alloy powder of want cladding is delivered to the laser irradiation region of surface of the work, alloy powder melts the formation alloy-layer in effect following moment of laser beam.The cladding dusty material is the self-fluxing alloyed powder of function admirables such as Ni45, Ni60, perhaps mixing the carbide that the quality percentage composition is 0-65%wt (as titanium carbide, tungsten carbide etc.) metal-ceramic composite powder end in self-fluxing alloyed powder, also can be stellite 6 and other non-self-fluxing alloy powder.In the cladding process, the angle of powder jet and laser beam axis is controlled at 30 °-70 °, and the terminal vertical range with workpiece of powder jet is 2-15mm, and powder mass flow is 3-10kg/h.Laser beam spot is oval hot spot or rectangular light spot, and laser power is 3-10KW, and induced power is 20-300KW, and laser melting coating speed is 1-10m/min, and individual layer cladding bed thickness is 0.1-3mm.
Cover in the process at laser induction composite, because eddy-current heating can produce the temperature field with uniform temperature gradient in surface of the work and certain depth, reduced greatly laser cladding layer in process of setting with the temperature difference of base material, promptly reduced the thermograde of cladding layer in process of setting, prolonged the life period in molten bath in the cladding layer forming process, not only help overflowing of bubble in the cladding layer, and residual stress can be reduced to minimum of a value, suppress the generation of crackle effectively.
(4) for circular parts, laser cladding process adopts the helical scanning mode.In other words, after intact one of cladding, workpiece moves a pitch simultaneously along axial (x axle), and occurrence is generally the 30-70% of x direction of principal axis spot diameter, and the overlapping rate of promptly controlling cladding layer is 70-30%.
(5) when individual layer cladding layer thickness can not reach desired the requirement, can repeating step (2)-(4), until reaching desired cladding layer thickness.
As shown in Figure 1, the device of realization said method comprises laser instrument 1, light-conducting system 3 and focusing system 2, automatic powder feeding device 13, induction heating apparatus and Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table.
The powder jet 15 of automatic powder feeding device 13 is 30 °-70 ° with the angle of laser beam axis.Add man-hour, the terminal vertical range with workpiece of powder jet is 2-15mm.
Induction heating apparatus comprises high-frequency induction heating power 5 and load coil 9, and load coil 9 links to each other with high-frequency induction heating power 5, is used for to workpiece to be handled 10 and heats.Load coil 9 can be positioned at the outer surface of pending workpiece 10 according to the into treatment sites difference of pending work, also can be positioned at the inwall of pending workpiece.Add man-hour, the distance between pending of workpiece and the load coil is controlled in the 1-10mm.
The Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table comprises Digit Control Machine Tool 6 and work holder.Digit Control Machine Tool 6 adopts four-axle linked numerical control table, NC table to be advisable, X, Y, Z axle moving linearly like this, A axis rotation.Work holder is fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool 6, is used for pending workpiece 10 is installed in Digit Control Machine Tool 6.
Work holder is done corresponding the selection according to the difference of pending workpiece 10.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, work holder is made of a pair of rotary table 7,11 and a pair of scroll chuck 8,12.Rotary table 7 and 11 all is fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool 6, and a pair of scroll chuck 8,12 is installed in respectively on the rotary table 7,11, is used for clamping workpiece to be processed 10.
Shown in Fig. 4-7, work holder is made of rotary table 7, scroll chuck 8 and thimble 16.Rotary table 7 and thimble 16 are separately fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool 6, and scroll chuck 8 is installed on the rotary table 7.
According to the size of pending workpiece and the power of load coil 9, load coil 9 can be single turn (as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 4) or multiturn (as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 5), load coil 9 also can be circular (shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4,5) or semicircle (shown in Fig. 2,3), and the sense number of turn and shape can be selected according to working condition requirement.
When the processing pipe fitting inner wall, apparatus of the present invention such as Fig. 6, shown in Figure 7, load coil 9 and powder-feeding nozzle 15 are placed in the tubing by anchor clamps 18.As shown in Figure 8, anchor clamps 18 are clamping load coil 9 and powder-feeding nozzle 15 respectively, powder-feeding nozzle 15 can be adjusted angle by anchor clamps 18, and the connecting portion of anchor clamps 18 and load coil 9 and powder-feeding nozzle 15 makes load coil 9 and powder-feeding nozzle 15 insulated from each other through insulation processing.Laser beam acts on pipe material inner wall by light-conducting system 3 and focusing system 2, and focusing system 2 is made up of a plane mirror and a focus lamp, and plane mirror and workpiece spindle are positioned in the tubing to angle at 45 and by connecting rod.As shown in Figure 9, magnetic conductor 17 is installed on the load coil 9, places in the workpiece to be processed 10.
Example
Example 1: the laser induction composite on small-size shaft class solid parts surface covers processing
For small-size shaft class solid parts, the specific embodiment directly is that the roll of 325mm is that example describes with roller, and the laser induction composite coating method of other small-size shaft class solid parts is similar.
Adopt device as shown in Figure 1, directly select rotating speed according to roller, for the roll of roller footpath 325mm, its rotating speed is set to 0.5-10 rev/min, can breaker roll etc. solid parts carry out quick cladding reinforcement and repair process.
The enforcement basic step is as follows:
(1) material is selected.Cladding material adopts tungsten carbide+nickel based metal composite, and wherein tungsten carbide size is-140+240 purpose cast tungsten carbide, and bonding uses granularity to be-140+320 purpose nickel-based self-fluxing alloy Ni60 mutually.Tungsten carbide and nickel-based self-fluxing alloy mix, and tungsten carbide quality percentage composition is 50%wt, and the roll base material adopts high-carbon alloy steel.
(2) induction heating apparatus adopts the multiturn Circumferential coils, is 5mm with the distance adjustment between roll and the load coil, and laser beam irradiation is between the induction coil in the position on workpiece (roll) surface.Adjust the powder drop point site of laser melting-painting nozzle, make it identical or forward slightly in the position of roller surface,, and melt fast, form cladding layer so that make alloy powder pass through laser beam spot with certain speed with focussed laser beam irradiation.Simultaneously, regulate the position of powder jet 15, make it become 30 ° of angles with laser beam axis, the distance on the end of powder jet 15 and roll 10 surfaces is 12mm.
(3) heat with the radio-frequency induction coil breaker roll,, make the roller surface temperature in 900-1100 ℃ of scope by regulating induction heating power, simultaneously by wireway with N
2Be blown into the eddy-current heating district and prevent its oxidation.
(3) start high power CO
2Laser instrument makes its power output reach 5KW.Adopt the automatic powder feeding device that the cladding powder is delivered to the surface of the work induction region, utilize simultaneously laser beam with the dusty material cladding on surface of the work.The non-spherical reflector of laser beam line focus system 2 is focused into oval hot spot (perhaps by the integration mirror hot spot being focused to rectangular light spot) with hot spot.The powder mass flow of regulating powder feeder 13 is 7.6kg/h, laser scanning speed 3.2m/min.
(4) for circular parts such as rolls, laser cladding process adopts the helical scanning mode, when promptly roll rotates a circle, moves a segment distance along axial (x axle), and occurrence is generally the 30-70% of x direction of principal axis spot diameter.For under this experiment condition, the overlapping rate of control cladding layer is 50%, through continuous helical scanning, until finishing the processing of one deck cladding layer.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4) reach desired thickness up to the thickness of cladding layer.The cladding layer that obtains can satisfy size and performance requirement fully, and does not have pore and crackle fully, and powder using efficiency reaches 94%.
Example 2: the laser induction composite on macrotype axes series solid parts surface covers processing
For the macrotype axes series solid parts, the specific embodiment directly is that the roll of 650mm is that example describes with roller, and it is similar that the laser induction composite on other large-size axis parts class solid parts surface covers processing method.
Adopting device as shown in Figure 2, select rotating speed according to the size in roller footpath, mainly is that linear velocity when guaranteeing Laser Processing is in needed scope.For the roll of roller footpath 650mm, its rotating speed is set to 0.3-5 rev/min, can carry out quick cladding reinforcement and repair process to solid parts such as large-scale rollers.
The enforcement basic step is as follows:
(1) material is selected.Cladding material adopts tungsten carbide+nickel based metal composite, and wherein tungsten carbide size is-140+240 purpose cast tungsten carbide, and bonding uses granularity to be-140+320 purpose nickel-based self-fluxing alloy Ni60 mutually.Tungsten carbide and nickel-based self-fluxing alloy mix, tungsten carbide quality percentage composition 40%wt, and the roll base material adopts medium carbon alloy steel.
(2) induction heating apparatus adopts semicircular, is 2mm with the distance adjustment between roll and the load coil, and the eddy-current heating zone slightly is ahead of the laser irradiation zone.Adjust the powder drop point site of laser melting coating powder nozzle, make it identical or forward slightly in the position of roller surface,, and melt fast, form cladding layer so that make alloy powder pass through laser beam spot with certain speed with focussed laser beam irradiation.Simultaneously, regulate the position of powder jet 15, make itself and laser beam axis angle at 45, the distance on the end of powder jet 15 and roll 10 surfaces is 14mm.
(3) heat with the radio-frequency induction coil breaker roll,, make the roller surface temperature in 800-1000 ℃ of scope by regulating induction heating power, simultaneously by wireway with N
2Be blown into the eddy-current heating district and prevent its oxidation.
(3) adopt the automatic powder feeding device that the cladding powder is delivered to the surface of the work induction region, utilize simultaneously laser beam with the dusty material cladding on surface of the work.Non-spherical reflector in the laser beam line focus system 2 is adjusted to oval hot spot, perhaps adopts the integration mirror to be adjusted to rectangular light spot.The powder mass flow of regulating powder feeder 13 is 6.5kg/h, laser melting coating power selection 5KW, laser scanning speed 2.8m/min.
(4) laser cladding process adopts the helical scanning mode, and the overlapping rate of controlling cladding layer in this experiment is 40%, until finishing the processing of one deck cladding layer.
(5) repeating step (2)-(4) reach desired cladding layer thickness (for example 5mm) up to cladding layer thickness.The cladding layer that obtains can satisfy size and performance requirement fully, and does not have pore and crackle fully, and powder using efficiency reaches 94%.
Example 3: the laser induction composite of tubular part outer wall covers processing
For tubular part, be 108mm with the external diameter, and wall thickness is that the tubing of 5mm is that example describes, the method that the laser induced heating composite cladding of the outer surface of other tubular part is handled is similar.
Adopt device as shown in Figure 4, it is as follows that it implements basic step:
(1) material is selected.Cladding material adopts tungsten carbide+nickel based metal composite, and wherein tungsten carbide size-140+240 purpose cast tungsten carbide bonds and uses granularity to be-140+320 purpose nickel-based self-fluxing alloy Ni45 mutually.Tungsten carbide and nickel-based self-fluxing alloy mix, tungsten carbide quality percentage composition 60%.Matrix adopting mild steel tubing.
(2) be 4mm with the distance adjustment between tubing and the load coil, induction heating apparatus is made up of the multiturn Circumferential coils, and the eddy-current heating zone slightly is ahead of the laser irradiation zone.Adjust the powder drop point site of laser melting-painting nozzle, make it identical or forward slightly in the position of tube surfaces with focussed laser beam irradiation, regulate the position of powder jet 10 simultaneously, make it become 50 ° of angles with laser beam axis, the distance of the end of powder jet 10 and tubing 9 is 15mm.
(3) with radio-frequency induction coil tubing is carried out preheating,, makes the tube surfaces temperature in 700-800 ℃ of scope by regulating induction heating power, simultaneously, by wireway 4 with N
2Be blown into the eddy-current heating district and prevent its oxidation.
(4) start laser instrument, its power output is transferred to 5KW.Adopt the automatic powder feeding device that the cladding powder is delivered to workpiece outer surface induction region, utilize simultaneously laser beam with the dusty material cladding at surface of the work.Non-spherical reflector in the laser beam line focus system 2 is focused into oval hot spot, perhaps adopts the integration mirror to be adjusted to rectangular light spot.The powder mass flow of regulating powder feeder 13 simultaneously is 4.5kg/h, laser scanning speed 2.3m/min.
(5) overlapping rate of controlling cladding layer in this experiment is 40%, and laser cladding process adopts the helical scanning mode, until finishing the processing of one deck cladding layer.
(6) repeating step (2)-(5) reach desired technical indicator (as 2.5mm) up to cladding layer thickness.The cladding layer that obtains can satisfy size and performance requirement fully, and does not have pore and crackle, and powder using efficiency reaches 94%.
Example 4: the laser induction composite of tubular part inwall covers processing
For tubular part, be 98mm with the internal diameter, and wall thickness is that the tubing of 5mm is that example describes, the inner surface laser eddy-current heating composite cladding method for processing of other tubular part is similar.
Adopt device as shown in Figure 6, it is as follows that it implements basic step:
(1) material is selected.Cladding material adopts tungsten carbide+nickel based metal composite, and wherein tungsten carbide size is-140+240 purpose cemented tungsten carbide, and bonding uses granularity to be-140+320 purpose nickel-based self-fluxing alloy Ni45 mutually.Tungsten carbide and nickel-based self-fluxing alloy mix, tungsten carbide quality percentage composition 30%wt.Matrix adopting mild steel tubing.
(2) be 3mm with the distance adjustment between tubing and the load coil, induction heating apparatus is a Circumferential coils that magnetic conductor is installed, and the eddy-current heating zone slightly is ahead of the laser irradiation zone.Adjust the powder drop point site of laser melting-painting nozzle, make it identical or forward slightly in the position of internal surface of pipe with laser beam irradiation, regulate the position of powder jet 10 simultaneously, make it become 70 ° of angles with laser beam axis, the distance of the end of powder jet 10 and tubing 9 is 8mm.
(2) be 4mm with the distance adjustment between tubing and the load coil, carry out preheating,, make the roller surface temperature in 500-700 ℃ of scope by regulating induction heating power with 10 pairs of tubing of radio-frequency induction coil 8.
(3) adopt the automatic powder feeding device that the cladding powder is delivered to the internal surface of pipe induction region, utilize simultaneously laser beam with the dusty material cladding at work piece inner surface.Non-spherical reflector in the laser beam line focus system 2 is adjusted to oval hot spot, perhaps adopts the integration mirror to be adjusted to rectangular light spot.The powder mass flow of regulating powder feeder 13 is 3.6kg/h, laser melting coating power selection 4KW, laser scanning speed 3.5m/min.
(4) laser cladding process adopts the helical scanning mode.After intact one of cladding, along moving axially a pitch, the overlapping rate of control cladding layer is 40% to tubing simultaneously, until finishing the processing of one deck cladding layer.
One deck cladding layer is covered in this embodiment congruent melting, reaches desired cladding layer thickness 0.8mm.The cladding layer that obtains can satisfy size and performance requirement fully, and does not have pore and crackle fully, and powder using efficiency reaches 90%.
Scope of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description, and the general personnel in this area can adopt other multiple mode to realize technical scheme of the present invention according to content disclosed by the invention.
Claims (8)
1. automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method, its step comprises:
1. the distance between workpiece to be processed and the load coil is controlled in the 1-10mm, adjusts focussed laser beam, make the laser focal beam spot act on the eddy-current heating district of workpiece to be processed or slightly lag behind the eddy-current heating district;
2. by load coil work is heated, the temperature that makes the workpiece to be processed surface is 500-1100 ℃, is blown into inert protective gas toward the eddy-current heating district simultaneously;
3. adopt the automatic powder feeding device alloy powder of want cladding to be delivered to the laser irradiation region on workpiece to be processed surface, utilize simultaneously laser beam in the workpiece to be processed or outer surface carry out laser melting coating, alloy powder melted in effect following moment of laser beam, formed alloy-layer; In the cladding process, the angle of powder jet and laser beam axis is controlled at 30-70 °, the terminal vertical range with workpiece to be processed of powder jet is 2-15mm, powder mass flow is 3-10kg/h, laser beam spot is oval hot spot or rectangular light spot, and laser power is 3-10KW, and induced power is 20-300KW, laser melting coating speed is 1-10m/min, and individual layer cladding bed thickness is 0.1-3mm;
4. judge whether cladding layer thickness reaches desired cladding layer thickness, if finish laser induced cladding process, otherwise repeating step 2.-4..
2. composite cladding method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the cladding dusty material is a self-fluxing alloyed powder, and perhaps mixing the quality percentage composition in self-fluxing alloyed powder is the metal-ceramic composite powder end of the carbide of 0-65%wt.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described composite cladding methods, it is characterized in that: when workpiece to be processed was circular parts, when completing steps 3., the x direction of principal axis moved workpiece to be processed, and its displacement is the 30-70% of x direction of principal axis spot diameter.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: carrying out step 3. the time, the laser beam after focusing on is navigated between the multiturn load coil.
5. an automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating device comprises laser instrument, light-conducting system and focusing system, automatic powder feeding device and Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table; Laser instrument, light-conducting system and focusing system are positioned on the same light path, and the laser beam that laser instrument sends is transferred to focusing system through light-conducting system and is focused on, and focusing system is used for converting laser beam to ellipse or rectangular light spot exposes to surface of the work; The gas outlet of wireway is between focusing system and pending workpiece; The Laser Processing numerical control table, NC table comprises Digit Control Machine Tool and work holder; Work holder is fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool, is used for pending workpiece is installed in Digit Control Machine Tool; It is characterized in that:
This device also comprises induction heating apparatus, and induction heating apparatus comprises high-frequency induction heating power (5) and load coil (9), and load coil (9) is electrically connected with high-frequency induction heating power (5); During work, the distance between pending of load coil (9) and pending workpiece (10) is in the 1-10mm, and the powder jet (15) of automatic powder feeding device (13) is 30-70 ° with the angle of laser beam axis.
6. composite cladding device according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described work holder is made of a pair of rotary table (7,11) and a pair of scroll chuck (8,12), rotary table (7,11) all is fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool (6), a pair of scroll chuck (8,12) is installed in respectively on the rotary table (7,11), is used for clamping workpiece to be processed (10).
7. composite cladding device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described work holder is made of rotary table (7), scroll chuck (8) and thimble (16); Rotary table (7) and thimble (16) are separately fixed on the Digit Control Machine Tool 6, and scroll chuck (8) is installed on the rotary table (7).
8. composite cladding device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: load coil (9) and powder-feeding nozzle (15) are positioned in the tube wall of workpiece to be processed (10) by anchor clamps (18), magnetic conductor (17) is installed on the load coil (9), and focusing system (2) is made up of a plane mirror and a focus lamp; Add man-hour, the axial angle at 45 of plane mirror and workpiece to be processed (10), plane mirror and load coil (9) place in the tube wall of workpiece to be processed (10).
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