CN102618869B - Workpiece surface rapid coating and remelting method and device based on large-area electron beams - Google Patents
Workpiece surface rapid coating and remelting method and device based on large-area electron beams Download PDFInfo
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- CN102618869B CN102618869B CN201210110520.9A CN201210110520A CN102618869B CN 102618869 B CN102618869 B CN 102618869B CN 201210110520 A CN201210110520 A CN 201210110520A CN 102618869 B CN102618869 B CN 102618869B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a workpiece surface rapid coating and remelting method and device based on large-area electron beams. An extrusion head extrudes a mixed material to perform surface coating of a workpiece, a control system controls a workbench and drives the workpiece to travel forwards, and the extrusion head continuously extrudes new mixed material to coat the surface of the workpiece passing the lower side of the extrusion head, so that the surface of the workpiece is uniformly coated by the mixed material at a required thickness; and when the initially coated part of the workpiece moves to the just lower side of an electron beam source, the electron beam source starts to emit electron beams to irradiate the coating for performing cladding until all the coated part of the workpiece is clad, so that the effect of simultaneously coating and cladding is realized. According to the invention, the processing efficiency is high, and the alloy coating and alloy cladding are completed in one process; the cladding quality is uniform and easy to control; and the cladding layer is strong in binding force, avoids peeling similar to the coating, and solves the problem that the binding force of common coating thin-film material is insufficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improvement to surface of workpiece processing treatment technology, specifically refer to the surface of metal works to utilize Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam to carry out applying fast also method and the device of alloying, the strengthening and the plated film that are mainly used in workpiece surface, belong to surface treatment technology of material field.
Background technology
Material surface technology is the more popular field of Recent study, and wherein, process for alloying surface is the most promising processing method in surface strengthening technology.Utilize this technique to make wear-resisting in poor, the low-cost base metal surface of some surface propertys, anti-corrosion, resistant to elevated temperatures surface alloy, for replacing expensive Integral alloy, save noble metal material and strategic material, make cheap alloy obtain application widely, thereby significantly reduce costs.In addition, it also can be used to produce top coat more excellent than traditional method in performance, because material surface remelting causes the rapid diffusion of crystal boundary atom, thereby allow surperficial alloy and the good combination of gear matrix, it is as a whole that gear surface electron beam alloyage is processed the metallic membrane and the metallic matrix that obtain, avoided being similar to peeling off of coating, solved the not enough problem of bonding force of general coated film material.This technique can be according to the requirement of workpiece surface performance, reasonably select alloying element, thereby on common substrate surface, obtain the alloy layer of property, the advantage of this technique also shows in its height locality for the treatment of zone and the handiness of powdered alloy selection.Also can make the stronger film of surface property on the lighter structured material surface of matrix simultaneously, both solve the lightweight of workpiece design, also solve the inadequate problem of the too crisp toughness of high performance material matrix simultaneously.
In recent ten years, utilize the close bundle of pulse high energy (electron beam, ionic fluid, laser beam) to carry out metal material surface finished machined and modification has obtained developing rapidly.When the beam of high-energy-density is applied to material surface, a large amount of energy can be deposited in the thin layer of material surface in the short period of time, and the temperature that is heated layer raises rapidly, causes the phenomenons such as local melting, vaporization.When input energy finishes, workpiece surface can be cooling rapidly.Through the comprehensive action of these processes, the character of bill of material surface layer can occur to change significantly.So just can make material surface have by the unapproachable physics of ordinary method, chemistry or mechanical property.
Utilize electron beam technology, make substrate material surface thin layer and the alloying element that adds as required simultaneously rapid melting, mix, the surface melting layer that formation thickness is several um to 1 mm, smelting zone is because the effect of normal temperature matrix cools down fast, and speed of cooling can reach 10
6℃/s～10
8℃/s, be equivalent to the speed of cooling that chilling quenching technology can reach, owing to existing the physical phenomenons such as diffusion and surface tension effect in smelting zone liquid, make material surface only within very short time, just form the surface alloying layer with the requirement degree of depth and Chemical Composition again.
Using electron beam to process, is all generally through after focusing on and becoming very thin high-density beam, for the processing of the aspects such as precise cutting and high function precision welding electron beam.In contrast, the electron beam illuminating device that will introduce is here to produce to big area the electron beam of more uniform high-energy-density.
Material surface alloying process mainly comprises both at home and abroad:
1. utilize laser to carry out material surface alloying.Research in recent years, focuses mostly on and is usining laser as aspect the process for alloying surface of the high-density energy.Thisly take the surface-alloying process that laser is the high-density energy, exist following problem: first, existing laser surface alloying research, adopts single beam spot, because the energy density distribution of bundle spot is inhomogeneous, is difficult to obtain the alloy layer of surfacing more; In addition, because laser broadband scanning equipment is not yet ripe, be difficult to obtain broadband sode ash surface alloying layer, and the effciency of energy transfer of laser apparatus is low, therefore, laser surface alloying technology is far away from practical stage.
2. utilize electron beam to carry out surface alloying.At material surface precoating alloying element, utilize beam energy moment to be deposited in material time Hen little region, top layer, thereby make material extremely fast be warmed up to transformation temperature or more than temperature of fusion, realize the process of alloying.Traditional electron beam material surface alloying need to be on other equipment coated alloy layer in advance, and its rounded section electron beam process adopting, bundle spot overlapping region energy distribution is inhomogeneous, material surface stress concentration, working (machining) efficiency is relatively low.
Therefore, laser is because the energy density distribution of bundle spot is inhomogeneous, and effciency of energy transfer is low, traditional electron beam material surface alloying need to be on other equipment coated alloy layer in advance, working (machining) efficiency is low.So need to design a kind of surface of applicable metal parts, apply fast remelting method and device.
Summary of the invention
For prior art above shortcomings, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of production efficiency workpiece surface based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam high and that surface stress is evenly distributed and apply fast remelting method and device.
The technique means of technical solution problem of the present invention is achieved in that
Workpiece surface based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam applies remelting method fast, the steps include:
1) powdered alloy of required coating is utilized mixture make paste batch mixing and be encapsulated in extrusion head;
2) workpiece to be processed be placed in to vacuum environment and be placed on worktable, worktable can be controlled its uniform motion by workstation control system;
3) extrusion head is extruded batch mixing and is carried out workpiece surface coating, by workstation control system, control worktable and drive workpiece to travel forward simultaneously, in workpiece motion s process, extrusion head is constantly extruded new batch mixing and is coated in the workpiece surface through extrusion head below, thereby make workpiece surface evenly apply the batch mixing of desired thickness, until the position that workpiece need to apply all applies when complete, stop applying;
4) in the time of under workpiece initial application partly moves to electron beam source, electron beam source starts to send electron beam irradiation and above coat, carries out cladding, until during all coating part claddings of workpiece, thereby realize the effect of limit coated side cladding, finally realize workpiece surface and apply fast remelting.
In described paste batch mixing, be added with solid particulate lubricant.
Between described workpiece and electron beam source, be provided with diaphragm, so that the electron beam of selection area is irradiated to workpiece surface by diaphragm.Described diaphragm is molybdenum aperture.
Workpiece surface based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam applies remelting apparatus fast, it comprises vacuum chamber, at vacuum chamber, be provided with electron beam source and extrusion head outward, the electron beam that electron beam source produces can enter in vacuum chamber, extrusion head needs the alloying element applying and alloying element is squeezed out and is coated in workpiece for placing, and the outlet of extrusion head is positioned at vacuum chamber straight down; In vacuum chamber, be provided with worktable and diaphragm, worktable is used for place work piece and is located at the workstation control system control outside vacuum chamber and drives workpiece level to move; Diaphragm only allows portions of electronics bundle selectivity pass through to irradiate workpiece under being positioned at electron beam source.
Described vacuum chamber is provided with vacuum system outward, and vacuum system is for vacuumizing to reach the vacuum tightness needing to vacuum chamber.
Described vacuum-chamber wall is provided with the observation window of observing vacuum indoor conditions.
Compared to existing technology, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, this technique can reasonably be selected alloying element and powdered alloy according to the requirement of workpiece surface performance, alloy can be a kind of, also can be multiple, also can be that alloy becomes self-lubrication alloy film with mix lubricant.
2, working (machining) efficiency is high.Limit coated side cladding, alloy-coated and alloy cladding complete in same technique.
3, cladding quality is even, is easy to control, and electron beam illuminating device is the electron beam of the big area high-energy-density of employing.
4, cladding layer bonding force is strong.Material surface remelting causes the rapid diffusion of crystal boundary atom, thereby allow the good combination of surperficial alloy and metallic matrix, it is as a whole that matrix surface electron beam alloyage is processed the metallic membrane and the metallic matrix that obtain, avoided being similar to peeling off of coating, solved the not enough problem of bonding force of general coated film material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1-structural representation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-electron beam source; 2-extrusion head; 3-vacuum chamber; 4-diaphragm; 5-workpiece; 6-workstation control system; 7-worktable; 8-vacuum system; 9-electron beam; 10-observation window.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
The workpiece surface that the present invention is based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam applies remelting method fast, the steps include:
1) powdered alloy of required coating is utilized mixture make paste batch mixing and be encapsulated in extrusion head;
2) workpiece to be processed be placed in to vacuum environment and be placed on worktable, worktable can be controlled its uniform motion by workstation control system;
3) extrusion head is extruded batch mixing and is carried out workpiece surface coating, by workstation control system, control worktable and drive workpiece to travel forward simultaneously, in workpiece motion s process, extrusion head is constantly extruded new batch mixing and is coated in the workpiece surface through extrusion head below, thereby make workpiece surface evenly apply the batch mixing of desired thickness, until the position that workpiece need to apply all applies when complete, stop applying;
4) in the time of under workpiece initial application partly moves to electron beam source, electron beam source starts to send electron beam irradiation and above coat, carries out cladding, until during all coating part claddings of workpiece, thereby realize the effect of limit coated side cladding, finally realize workpiece surface and apply fast remelting.
In described paste batch mixing, be added with solid particulate lubricant.
Between described workpiece and electron beam source, be provided with diaphragm, so that the electron beam of selection area is irradiated to workpiece surface by diaphragm.Described diaphragm is molybdenum aperture.By diaphragm, make beam energy be irradiated to equably workpiece surface.
As shown in Figure 1, the workpiece surface that the present invention is based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam applies remelting apparatus fast, it comprises vacuum chamber 3, above vacuum chamber 3 is outer, be provided with electron beam source 1 and extrusion head 2, the electron beam 9 that electron beam source 1 produces can enter in vacuum chamber 3, extrusion head 2 needs the alloying element applying and alloying element is squeezed out and is coated in workpiece for placing, and the outlet of extrusion head 2 is positioned at vacuum chamber 3 straight down.In vacuum chamber 3, be provided with worktable 7 and diaphragm 4, worktable 7 is for place work piece and be located at workstation control system outside vacuum chamber 6 and control and drive workpiece 5 to move horizontally.Diaphragm 4 only allows portions of electronics bundle selectivity pass through to irradiate workpiece under being positioned at electron beam source 1, and diaphragm 4 is molybdenum aperture.In figure, the 9th, electron beam, the 5th, workpiece.
The outer vacuum system 8 that is provided with of described vacuum chamber 3, vacuum system is for vacuumizing to reach the vacuum tightness needing to vacuum chamber.
Described vacuum chamber 3 walls are provided with the observation window 10 of observing vacuum indoor conditions.
Wherein electron beam source is large area electron electron gun, can adopt the similar existing installations such as Muscovite " Nadezhda-2 " type high-current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) device, and it is fixed on vacuum chamber top; Molybdenum aperture is fixed on vacuum chamber inwall.
This device using method and operation steps are as follows:
1, first, utilize mixture to make the preparation of toothpaste dress the powdered alloy of the required composition of suitable dimension, be encapsulated in extrusion head 2, can sneak into as required solid lubricant particle inside.
2, workpiece 5 is placed on worktable 7, makes it below electron beam source 1 and extrusion head 2; Use vacuum system 8 vacuum in vacuum chamber 3 to be extracted into the vacuum tightness that meets processing request;
3, according to the part feature of workpiece 5 and processing request, control extrusion head 2 is extruded batch mixing and is carried out workpiece surface coating, after completing, workstation control system 6 control worktable 7 move forward, and while extrusion head 2 is extruded new batch mixing and carried out successively the coating of workpiece 5 remaining surface.
4,, in the time of under initial coating part moves to electron beam source 1, electron beam source 1 sends the electron beam 9 with big area characteristic, after diaphragm 4, is irradiated to above coat, carries out cladding.Because worktable is moving always, coating procedure is carrying out always, and cladding process is also carrying out always, i.e. limit coated side cladding, until finish.
5, workpiece surface local melting under beam energy is irradiated, after above step extrusion head coating and electron beam cladding, coat and metallic matrix are in conjunction with tight, because metallic surface is cooling rapidly, thereby obtain that roughness is low, surface stress is even, the surface quality of wear-resisting and fine corrosion resistance, because the inside is added with solid particulate lubricant, there is certain self-lubricating property simultaneously.
Adopt the present invention to there is the advantages such as precision is high, operating automation degree is high, the process-cycle is short.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the workpiece surface based on Investigation of Large Area Electron Beam applies remelting method fast, it is characterized in that: the steps include:
1) powdered alloy of required coating is utilized mixture make paste batch mixing and be encapsulated in extrusion head; In described paste batch mixing, be added with solid particulate lubricant; The outlet of extrusion head straight down;
2) workpiece to be processed be placed in to vacuum environment and be placed on worktable, worktable can be controlled its uniform motion by workstation control system;
3) extrusion head is extruded batch mixing and is carried out workpiece surface coating, by workstation control system, control worktable and drive workpiece to travel forward simultaneously, in workpiece motion s process, extrusion head is constantly extruded new batch mixing and is coated in the workpiece surface through extrusion head below, thereby make workpiece surface evenly apply the batch mixing of desired thickness, until the position that workpiece need to apply all applies when complete, stop applying;
4) in the time of under workpiece initial application partly moves to electron beam source, electron beam source starts to send electron beam irradiation and above coat, carries out cladding, until during all coating part claddings of workpiece, thereby realize the effect of limit coated side cladding, finally realize workpiece surface and apply fast remelting; Wherein, described electron beam source is large area electron electron gun, can send the electron beam with big area characteristic; Between described workpiece and electron beam source, be provided with diaphragm, so that the electron beam of selection area is irradiated to workpiece surface by diaphragm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210110520.9A CN102618869B (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2012-04-16 | Workpiece surface rapid coating and remelting method and device based on large-area electron beams |
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| CN201210110520.9A CN102618869B (en) | 2012-04-16 | 2012-04-16 | Workpiece surface rapid coating and remelting method and device based on large-area electron beams |
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| CN102618869A CN102618869A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| CN102618869B true CN102618869B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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| CN108034943A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-15 | 浙江镭弘激光科技有限公司 | A kind of titanium alloy cladding device and method |
| CN114054988B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-09-15 | 湖北韩泰智能设备有限公司 | Vacuum laser remelting equipment and application thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1792548A (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2006-06-28 | 重庆工学院 | Method for finishing processing of controllable deforming electronic beam |
| CN101125394A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-02-20 | 华中科技大学 | Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method and device |
| CN101899640A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-01 | 重庆理工大学 | Preparation method for copper-chromium alloy surface alloying |
| CN202558940U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-11-28 | 重庆理工大学 | Large-area electron beam-based workpiece surface quick coating and remelting device |
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| WO2004039531A2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2004-05-13 | Ehsan Toyserkani | System and method for closed-loop control of laser cladding by powder injection |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1792548A (en) * | 2006-01-11 | 2006-06-28 | 重庆工学院 | Method for finishing processing of controllable deforming electronic beam |
| CN101125394A (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2008-02-20 | 华中科技大学 | Automatic powder feeding laser induction composite coating method and device |
| CN101899640A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2010-12-01 | 重庆理工大学 | Preparation method for copper-chromium alloy surface alloying |
| CN202558940U (en) * | 2012-04-16 | 2012-11-28 | 重庆理工大学 | Large-area electron beam-based workpiece surface quick coating and remelting device |
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