CN102409338A - Same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding method - Google Patents
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- CN102409338A CN102409338A CN2011103522550A CN201110352255A CN102409338A CN 102409338 A CN102409338 A CN 102409338A CN 2011103522550 A CN2011103522550 A CN 2011103522550A CN 201110352255 A CN201110352255 A CN 201110352255A CN 102409338 A CN102409338 A CN 102409338A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) performing rust removing, oil removing, cleaning and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a substrate; (2) splitting a laser beam of the same wavelength into two beams of laser by using a laser beam splitter mirror; (3) applying a first beam of laser to the surface of the substrate for performing preheating treatment on the substrate; (4) blowing alloy powder into a molten pool formed on a second beam of laser on the surface of the substrate by using a powder nozzle of an automatic powder feeder; (5) moving a numerically-controlled machine too along the vertical direction of a laser scanning speed by 40-80 percent of the diameter of a laser spot; and (6) repeating the steps (2)-(5) till the thickness of a coating reaches a required thickness, or ending work. The method has the advantages: (1) the processing cost is reduced greatly; (2) the substrate has a small heat affected zone, and is not deformed; and (3) the shape and size of the substrate are unlimited.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam, belong to technical field of laser processing.
Background technology
Important damages such as the burn into wearing and tearing of metallic element and repeated stress failure; Destruction of being brought and financial loss are very surprising; As U.S. nineteen ninety-five because of corrosion cause with a toll of 3,000 hundred million dollars, the financial loss that China causes because of friction wear every year reaches 1,000 hundred million yuan.Therefore, adopt methods such as surface-treated, coating, improve the surface property of metallic element, repair, control or prevent surface distress, can prolong its service life, obtain huge economic benefit.
Conventional surface coating process has plating, thermospray, built-up welding and laser melting coating etc.Wherein, Advantages such as plating has that technology is simple, working method and tooling cost are low, but electrolytic coating is very thin, is generally less than 0.3 micron; Poor with matrix bond, can occur the electric force lines distribution inequality during machining large workpiece and cause forming continuously and the uniform electrolytic coating of thickness; The coatingsurface of thermospray preparation is coarse, has a large amount of pores and tiny crack in it, is mechanical bond between coating and the matrix, and coating is prone to peel off after use for some time; Built-up welding is because the power input of thermal source is bigger; For the matrix material that contains ceramic phase, ceramic phase is prone to a large amount of scaling loss takes place, and causes the hardness and wear resistance of coating to reduce; And make the thinning ratio of coating and the heat affected zone of base material become big easily, cause base material generation serious deformation.
Laser melting and coating technique is a kind of emerging surface strengthening technology, and it passes through to add cladding material at substrate surface, and utilizes the laser beam of high-energy-density to make it to melt a kind of method that also rapid solidification crystallization forms coating fast with the substrate surface thin layer.For other surface strengthening technology, laser melting and coating technique has the following advantages: (1) beam direction controllability is good, is easy to realize constituency processing; (2) laser beam energy density is high, can the heat affected zone and the thermal distortion of base material be reduced to minimum degree at cladding process; (3) microstructure of coating is fine and close, thinning ratio is low and controlled, is the high metallurgical binding of bonding strength with matrix, and is incrust in the process under arms; (4) laser melting and coating technique environmentally safe, level of automation is high.But up to the present, laser melting and coating technique is not widely used in industry, and key reason has two: the one, and laser melting coating efficient is on the low side, causes tooling cost too high; The 2nd, cladding layer is prone to crack, limited should technology practical application.Therefore, seek a kind of easy to operately, tooling cost is low, and the method that can raise the efficiency and eliminate the laser cladding layer crackle becomes the target that the researchist pursues always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam; It is to utilize the laser beam splitter mirror that the laser beam of same wavelength is divided into two bundle laser; A branch of being used for carried out thermal pretreatment to substrate surface, its objective is to improve base material to the specific absorption of another Shu Jiguang and the crackle of eliminating cladding layer; Another Shu Jiguang is used to melt substrate surface and forms molten bath and melted alloy powder.Therefore, in laser cladding process, adopt the method for narrow spot and base material preheating, can increase substantially the utilization ratio and the thermograde that reduces in the laser cladding process of laser energy, thereby under the high-level efficiency condition, obtain flawless high-performance coating.
The present invention realizes like this, it is characterized in that method steps is:
(1) to substrate surface eliminate rust, oil removing, cleaning and sandblasting, base material can be carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron;
(2) adopt that to have the laser beam splitter mirror of deciding splitting ratio be that the Nd:YAG laser beam of 1.06 μ m is divided into two bundle laser with wavelength, act on substrate surface after the line focus;
(3) first bundle laser are the preheating laser beam, be mainly used in substrate surface is carried out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption of base material to the second bundle laser; The temperature of preheating is 200 ~ 950 ℃, and the second bundle laser is the cladding laser beam, is mainly used in the fusing substrate surface and forms molten bath and melted alloy powder; And act on substrate surface and be positioned at the back of the first bundle laser motion direction, wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 0.5 ~ 8 kW; After being divided into two bundle laser; The power of preheating laser beam is 0.15 ~ 3.2 kW, and the power of cladding laser beam is 3 ~ 5.6 kW, and the spot diameter at substrate surface after the two bundle laser line focuses is 1.2 ~ 2 mm;
(4) utilize the powder jet of automatic powder feeding device that powdered alloy is blown into the second bundle laser in the molten bath that substrate surface forms, the fusing back is at the substrate surface drawout, after the second bundle laser motion is removed; Melting layer rapid solidification and crystallization form coating, and wherein, laser scanning speed is 0.8 ~ 25 m/min; Powder mass flow is 10 ~ 60 g/min; The angle of powder jet and cladding laser beam is 30 ~ 50 °, with the vertical range of substrate surface be 6 ~ 10 mm, powder size is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating intact together after, move numerically-controlled machine along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, its distance that moves is 80 ~ 40% of a laser spot diameter;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not have, repeating step (2)-(5) reach desired thickness up to coating; Otherwise, end-of-job.
When carrying out described step (2), the laser beam splitter mirror is K9 glass or the float glass or the ultraviolet silica glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 30%:70% and 40%:60%.
When carrying out described step (3), the second bundle lasing is 2 ~ 7 mms thereby control two bundle laser in the spot center spacing of substrate surface in the back of the first bundle laser motion direction.
When carrying out described step (4), powdered alloy is basic for the strengthening phase particulate Ni that is mixed with 0 ~ 90 wt.%, Co is basic, Fe is basic and the Cu base alloy powder, and wherein the strengthening phase particle is carbide such as WC, SiC and TiC, boride such as TiB
2With CrB
2, silicide such as MoSi
2With WSi
2, oxide compound such as Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, intermetallic gold thing FeAl, NiAl and TiAl etc.
When carrying out described step (5), numerically-controlled machine is moved 80 ~ 40%m of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby control the overlapping rate 40 ~ 80% between continuous two passages.
Advantage of the present invention is: (1) need not process furnace bulky, that the preheating speed slow and loading and unloading are inconvenient, and the conventional relatively laser melting and coating technique maximum of laser processing efficient can improve 40 times, and tooling cost is reduced significantly; (2) coating structure is fine and close, and thinning ratio is low and controlled, and pore-free and crackle have the performance of hardness height, excellence such as wear-resisting and anti-corrosion; (3) easy to operate, level of automation is high, in industrial circles such as aerospace, metallurgical machinery, vehicle mould, petrochemical industry and electric power, has the potentiality of widespread use aspect the surface strengthening of key components and parts and the reparation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram of the quick cladding of the present invention's narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of co-wavelength twin-beam to prepare Ni base alloy coat on 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll surface, the thickness of this coating is 2mm.
The implementation process of present embodiment does, and is as shown in Figure 1.
(1) adopts sander that processing of rust removing is carried out on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9, use the mixing solutions oil removing of volume ratio then, clean and oven dry with pure water again, carry out sandblasting at last as sodium hydroxide and the yellow soda ash of 1:1;
(2) adopt that to have the laser beam splitter mirror 11 of deciding splitting ratio be that the laser beam that the Nd:YAG laser apparatus 2 of 1.06 μ m sends is divided into laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 with wavelength; Laser beam L1 acts on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 after speculum 12 reflections and condensing lens 8 focus on, act on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 after laser beam L2 line focus mirror 3 focuses on.Wherein, laser beam splitter mirror 11 is the K9 glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 40%:60%;
(3) first bundle laser L1 are the preheating laser beam; Be mainly used in thermal pretreatment is carried out on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9; Improve the specific absorption and the thermograde that reduces in the laser cladding process of 9 pairs second bundles of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll laser L2; The temperature of preheating is 600 ℃, and the second bundle laser L2 is the cladding laser beam, and the surface that is mainly used in fusing 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 forms molten bath 4 and melted alloy powder 7; And act on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 and be positioned at the back of the first bundle laser L1 heading, making laser beam L1 and the laser beam L2 spot center spacing on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 is 4 mm.Wherein, The power of laser apparatus is 4 kW; After being divided into two bundle laser; The power of preheating laser beam is 1.6 kW, and the power of cladding laser beam is 2.4 kW, and laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 line focus mirror 8 respectively are 1.5 mm with condensing lens 3 spot diameters of focusing back on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9;
(4) utilize the powder jet 6 of automatic powder feeding device 5 that Co-based alloy powder 7 is blown into the second bundle laser L2 in the molten bath 4 that the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 forms; Open at the surface spreading of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 the fusing back; After the second bundle laser L2 motion was removed, melting layer rapid solidification and crystallization formed coating 13.Wherein, utilizing computingmachine 1 to regulate laser scanning speed is that 15 m/min and powder mass flow are 40 g/min, and powder jet 6 is 35 ° with the angle of cladding laser beam L2; With the vertical range on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 be 8 mm, the chemical ingredients of Co-based alloy powder 7 is: 0.5 ~ 0.8wt.% C, 3.0 ~ 6.0wt.% Si; 3.5 ~ 5.0wt.% B, 12 ~ 18wt.% Cr, 12.0 ~ 18wt.% Fe; Surplus is Ni, and its granularity is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating intact together after, utilize computingmachine 1 that numerically-controlled machine 10 is moved 80 ~ 40% of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby the overlapping rate of controlling between continuous two passages is 40-80%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating 13 reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not have, repeating step (2)-(5) reach desired thickness up to coating 13; Otherwise, end-of-job.
The method that adopts the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of co-wavelength twin-beam is at hydraulic cylinder piston rod surface cladding WC-12 wt.% Co, and the thickness of this coating is 1.8 mm, and the material of hydraulic cylinder piston rod is No. 35 steel.
(1) adopts sander that processing of rust removing is carried out on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9, use the mixing solutions oil removing of volume ratio then, clean and oven dry with pure water again, carry out sandblasting at last as hydroxide steel and the yellow soda ash of 1:1;
(2) adopt that to have the laser beam splitter mirror 11 of deciding splitting ratio be that the laser beam that the Nd:YAG laser apparatus 2 of 1.06 μ m sends is divided into laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 with wavelength; Laser beam L1 acts on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 after speculum 12 reflections and condensing lens 8 focus on, act on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 after laser beam L2 line focus mirror 3 focuses on.Wherein, laser beam splitter mirror 11 is the ultraviolet silica glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 30%:70%;
(3) first bundle laser L1 are the preheating laser beam; Be mainly used in thermal pretreatment is carried out on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9; Improve the specific absorption and the thermograde that reduces in the laser cladding process of 9 pairs second bundles of hydraulic cylinder piston rod laser L2; The temperature of preheating is 950 ℃, and the second bundle laser L2 is the cladding laser beam, and the surface that is mainly used in fusing hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 forms molten bath 4 and melted alloy powder 7; And act on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 and be positioned at the back of the first bundle laser L1 heading, making laser beam L1 and the laser beam L2 spot center spacing on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 is 7 mm.Wherein, The power of laser apparatus is 8 kW, be divided into two the bundle laser after, the power of preheating laser beam is 2.4 kW; The power of cladding laser beam is 5.6 kW, and laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 line focus mirror 8 respectively are 2.0 mm with condensing lens 3 spot diameters of focusing back on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9;
(4) utilize the powder jet 6 of automatic powder feeding device 5 that powdered alloy 7 is blown into the second bundle laser L2 in the molten bath 4 that the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 forms; Open at the surface spreading of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 the fusing back; After the second bundle laser L2 motion was removed, melting layer rapid solidification and crystallization formed coating 13.Wherein, Utilizing computingmachine 1 to regulate laser scanning speed is that 25 m/min and powder mass flow are 60 g/min; Powder jet 6 is 45 ° with the angle of cladding laser beam L2, with the vertical range on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 be 10 mm, the chemical ingredients of powdered alloy 7 is: 12 wt.% Co; 88 wt.% WC, its granularity is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating intact together after, utilize computingmachine 1 that numerically-controlled machine 10 is moved 80 ~ 40% of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby the overlapping rate of controlling between continuous two passages is 40-80%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating 13 reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not have, repeating step (2)-(5) reach desired thickness up to coating 13; Otherwise, end-of-job.
Claims (5)
1. the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of co-wavelength twin-beam is characterized in that method steps is:
(1) to substrate surface eliminate rust, oil removing, cleaning and sandblasting;
(2) adopt that to have the laser beam splitter mirror of deciding splitting ratio be that the Nd:YAG laser beam of 1.06 μ m is divided into two bundle laser with wavelength, act on substrate surface after the line focus, base material can be carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron;
(3) first bundle laser are the preheating laser beam, be mainly used in substrate surface is carried out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption of base material to the second bundle laser; The temperature of preheating is 200 ~ 950 ℃, and the second bundle laser is the cladding laser beam, is mainly used in the fusing substrate surface and forms molten bath and melted alloy powder; And act on substrate surface and be positioned at the back of the first bundle laser motion direction, wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 0.5 ~ 8 kW; After being divided into two bundle laser; The power of preheating laser beam is 0.15 ~ 3.2 kW, and the power of cladding laser beam is 3 ~ 5.6 kW, and the spot diameter at substrate surface after the two bundle laser line focuses is 1.2 ~ 2 mm;
(4) utilize the powder jet of automatic powder feeding device that powdered alloy is blown into the second bundle laser in the molten bath that substrate surface forms, the fusing back is at the substrate surface drawout, after the second bundle laser motion is removed; Melting layer rapid solidification and crystallization form coating, and wherein, laser scanning speed is 0.8 ~ 25 m/min; Powder mass flow is 10 ~ 60 g/min; The angle of powder jet and cladding laser beam is 30 ~ 50 °, with the vertical range of substrate surface be 6 ~ 10 mm, powder size is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating intact together after, move numerically-controlled machine along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, its distance that moves is 80 ~ 40% of a laser spot diameter;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not have, repeating step (2)-(5) reach desired thickness up to coating; Otherwise, end-of-job.
2. the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam according to claim 1; It is characterized in that when carrying out described step (2); The laser beam splitter mirror is K9 glass or the float glass or the ultraviolet silica glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 30%:70% and 40%:60%.
3. the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam according to claim 1; It is characterized in that when carrying out described step (3); The second bundle lasing is 2 ~ 7 mms thereby control two bundle laser in the spot center spacing of substrate surface in the back of the first bundle laser motion direction.
4. the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam according to claim 1; It is characterized in that when carrying out described step (4); Powdered alloy is basic for the strengthening phase particulate Ni that is mixed with 0 ~ 90 wt.%, Co is basic, Fe is basic and the Cu base alloy powder; Wherein the strengthening phase particle is carbide such as WC, SiC and TiC, boride such as TiB
2With CrB
2, silicide such as MoSi
2With WSi
2, oxide compound such as Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, intermetallic gold thing FeAl, NiAl and TiAl etc.
5. the method for the quick cladding of the narrow spot laser of a kind of co-wavelength twin-beam according to claim 1; It is characterized in that when carrying out described step (5); Numerically-controlled machine is moved 80 ~ 40%m of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby control the overlapping rate 40 ~ 80% between continuous two passages.
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CN104480461A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2015-04-01 | 广西科技大学 | Laser cladding method for Cr12MoV steel through multiple overlapping of Ni60/SiC composite powder |
CN105177569A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2015-12-23 | 武汉华工激光工程有限责任公司 | Laser repairing method for ductile iron surface |
CN105200420A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-30 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Cast iron cylinder cap bridge zone laser cladding technology |
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CN108823567A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-16 | 江苏大学 | A kind of efficient laser cladding apparatus of sheet metal and method |
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CN111058036A (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-04-24 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Method for preparing wear-resistant corrosion-resistant temperature-sensitive coating by double-laser synergistic ultrahigh-speed laser cladding |
CN111058030A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-24 | 东南大学 | Preheating and tempering laser cladding head with beam splitter and processing method |
CN112044872A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-12-08 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Method for regulating thickness of molten layer on surface of substrate after laser cleaning |
CN114318329A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏大学 | Ultrahigh-speed laser cladding device and technology based on magnetic force and centrifugal force double pressing |
CN114592190A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-07 | 长沙理工大学 | Large-size sealing ring piece cladding remanufacturing device |
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CN108823567A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-11-16 | 江苏大学 | A kind of efficient laser cladding apparatus of sheet metal and method |
CN111058030A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-24 | 东南大学 | Preheating and tempering laser cladding head with beam splitter and processing method |
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