CN111005015A - Method for preparing gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding - Google Patents
Method for preparing gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111005015A CN111005015A CN201911357327.3A CN201911357327A CN111005015A CN 111005015 A CN111005015 A CN 111005015A CN 201911357327 A CN201911357327 A CN 201911357327A CN 111005015 A CN111005015 A CN 111005015A
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001856 aerosol method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a gradient coating by cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding of a steel surface, which comprises the steps of firstly cold spraying titanium alloy powder on the steel surface to prepare a titanium alloy coating, then carrying out laser gas nitriding, coaxially and laterally feeding mixed working gas of nitrogen and argon at a scanning position, and preparing a Ti/TiN gradient coating on the steel surface by utilizing the laser action; all the processes of the invention do not need to be carried out in a sealed environment, the requirements on the processing environment are low, the efficiency of the processing process is high, the prepared composite coating of the ceramic phase has certain improvement on the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance, the hardness and the chemical stability compared with the surface of the original matrix, and the surface of the coating is compact and smooth and has good mechanical properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of steel surface modification, and relates to a preparation method of a Ti/TiN gradient coating combining cold spraying and laser gas nitriding.
Background
Steel is widely used because of its high strength, high toughness, corrosion resistance, etc., and it is also an important material in industrial production. However, the working environment of steel is usually very harsh, and the surface of steel is damaged to a certain extent under the working conditions of large temperature fluctuation and severe corrosion. Such wear typically affects the operating conditions of the workpiece and can significantly reduce the operating life. Therefore, preparing a protective coating for it is an effective safeguard.
Cold spraying is a ceramic spraying process, which is generally composed of components such as a high-pressure gas contraction and expansion pipe, a feeder, a spray gun and the like. Because the surface temperature is relatively low when the ceramic coating is sprayed, the metal powder is deposited on the surface of the substrate in a solid state, so that the process has less limitation on the substrate material, and the ceramic coating can be sprayed on most substrate materials. However, because the metallurgical bonding between the substrate and the coating layer is small in the cold spraying process, more pores are generated, and the industrial performance of the coated substrate is sometimes influenced.
Nitriding refers to that nitrogen element is infiltrated into a base material under certain conditions so as to obtain the wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant properties of the base material. Nitriding titanium metal can generate a high-hardness film layer on the surface of the titanium metal. Compared with the traditional liquid nitriding or ion nitriding, the laser gas nitriding can be performed locally and has a small heat affected zone, so that the nitriding efficiency can be greatly improved.
Surface alloying refers to a method of forming a metal compound on a metal surface or forming a metal deposition layer. Depending on the characteristics of different metals, the surface modification method can improve the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the original base metal so as to prolong the service life of metal parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding. The method comprises the steps of firstly cold spraying titanium alloy powder on the surface of the steel to prepare a titanium alloy coating, then carrying out laser gas nitridation, coaxially and laterally feeding mixed working gas of nitrogen and argon at a scanning position, and preparing the Ti/TiN gradient coating on the surface of the steel by utilizing the laser action.
The invention relates to a cold spraying technology and a laser gas nitriding technology, which not only effectively combine the two technologies, but also can overcome the defect that a reinforced coating is prepared on the surface of steel by single cold spraying or laser nitriding. On one hand, a nitrided layer is more easily generated on the surface of the non-compact cold spray titanium alloy coating; on the other hand, laser irradiation also makes the titanium alloy coating denser. Compared with a steel matrix, the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the novel gradient coating are greatly enhanced, and the adaptability of the novel gradient coating in a complex working environment is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding composite, which comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying titanium alloy powder on the surface of a steel substrate to obtain a titanium alloy coating on the surface of the steel substrate;
the steel matrix is alloy steel or low-carbon steel, and is pretreated before spraying as follows: sequentially grinding the surfaces of the glass substrates by using 240#, 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# abrasive paper, then removing oil, cleaning, and naturally drying for later use;
the titanium alloy powder is Ti-6Al-4V (the components are 5.5-6.8% of Al, 3.5-4.5% of V, less than or equal to 0.3% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1% of C, less than or equal to 0.015% of H, less than or equal to 0.05% of N, less than or equal to 0.2% of O and the balance of Ti), the particle size is 45-106 mu m, the powder is spherical powder prepared by an aerosol method, the purity of the powder is 99.9%, and the powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80-90 ℃ for 20-30 min before use;
the working conditions of spraying are as follows: the spraying temperature is 500-700 ℃, the spraying pressure is 1-3 MPa, the spraying distance is 20-40 mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 15-25 mm/s, the powder delivery amount is 10-30 g/min, and the working gas is nitrogen;
(2) putting the steel substrate sprayed with the titanium alloy coating into a workbench, coaxially and laterally feeding gas on a scanning path, wherein the gas feeding flow is 30L/min, and the volume ratio of the working gas of nitrogen to argon is 1: 3, turning on a laser to perform gas nitriding treatment, wherein the laser parameters are set as follows: the distance between the center of the laser focusing lens and the processing surface of the sample is 240-320 mm, the laser power is 1500-2500 w, the spot speed is 460-500 mm/s, the lap joint rate is 10-50%, and the laser processing time is 10-15 s, so that the Ti/TiN gradient coating is prepared;
the laser is an optical fiber coupling all-solid-state laser.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by combining the cold spraying technology and the laser gas nitriding technology, the compact TiN coating formed by the laser gas nitriding effectively makes up for the defect of relatively high porosity of the cold spraying process.
2. In the laser scanning process, the high-density high-power laser beam influences the spraying surface, the alloy steel substrate and the spraying titanium alloy layer are metallurgically bonded, and the bonding force of the alloy steel substrate and the spraying titanium alloy layer is enhanced.
3. All processes are not required to be carried out in a sealed environment, the requirement on the processing environment is low, and the efficiency of the processing process is high.
4. Compared with the surface of the original matrix, the prepared composite coating of the ceramic phase has certain improvement on corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness and chemical stability, and the surface of the coating is compact and smooth and has good mechanical properties.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
In the following examples, pretreatment of the alloy steel substrate: taking an alloy steel matrix of 60 × 100 × 10mm by wire cutting, sequentially polishing the surface of the alloy steel by using sand paper of 240#, 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000#, cleaning for 15min by using an ultrasonic cleaner, and naturally drying.
Powder selection: the powder used in cold spraying is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy powder prepared by adopting an aerosol powder preparation process, and the components are Al: 5.5-6.8%; v: 3.5-4.5%; fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; c is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; h is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; n is less than or equal to 0.05 percent; o is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; the balance of Ti, the particle size of Ti is 45-106 mu m, and the shape of the powder is spherical.
Laser selection: laserline semiconductor fiber coupled laser (6 kW).
Example 1
1. Cold spraying treatment; opening cold spraying equipment, fixing the alloy steel substrate on a spraying plate, taking nitrogen as working gas, spraying at the temperature of 600 ℃, under the spraying pressure of 2MPa, at the spraying distance of 30mm, at the spray gun moving speed of 20mm/s, at the powder feeding amount of 20g/min, and preparing the titanium alloy coating with the average thickness of about 1000 microns after spraying.
2. Air supply treatment; fixing the alloy steel substrate with the titanium alloy coating after cold spraying in a workbench, controlling the coaxial and lateral air supply flow to be 30L/min, and mixing the working gas in a ratio of 1: 3, nitrogen and argon.
3. Performing laser gas nitriding treatment; and opening the optical fiber coupling all-solid-state laser to perform laser gas nitriding treatment on the coating surface. The laser parameters were: the focal length is 280mm, the laser power is 2000w, the spot speed is 480mm/s, the lap joint rate is 30 percent, and the laser processing time is 10s, thus preparing the Ti/TiN gradient coating.
Example 2
1. Cold spraying treatment; opening cold spraying equipment, fixing the alloy steel substrate on a spraying plate, taking nitrogen as working gas, spraying at the temperature of 500 ℃, under the spraying pressure of 1MPa, at the spraying distance of 20mm, at the moving speed of 20mm/s of a spray gun, and at the powder feeding amount of 20g/min, and preparing the titanium alloy coating with the average thickness of about 1000 microns after spraying.
2. Air supply treatment; fixing the alloy steel substrate with the titanium alloy coating after cold spraying in a workbench, controlling the coaxial and lateral air supply flow to be 30L/min, and mixing the working gas in a ratio of 1: 3, nitrogen and argon.
3. Performing laser gas nitriding and alloying treatment; and opening the optical fiber coupling all-solid-state laser to perform laser gas nitriding and alloying treatment on the coating surface. The laser parameters were: the focal length is 280mm, the laser power is 1500w, the spot speed is 460mm/s, the lap joint rate is 30 percent, and the laser processing time is 10s, thus obtaining the Ti/TiN gradient coating.
Example 3
1. Cold spraying treatment; opening cold spraying equipment, fixing the alloy steel substrate on a spraying plate, taking nitrogen as working gas, spraying at the temperature of 700 ℃, under the spraying pressure of 3MPa, at the spraying distance of 40mm, at the moving speed of 20mm/s of a spray gun, and at the powder feeding amount of 20g/min, and preparing the titanium alloy coating with the average thickness of about 1000 microns after spraying.
2. Air supply treatment; fixing the alloy steel substrate with the titanium alloy coating after cold spraying in a workbench, controlling the coaxial and lateral air supply flow to be 30L/min, and mixing the working gas in a ratio of 1: 3, nitrogen and argon.
3. Performing laser gas nitriding and alloying treatment; and opening the optical fiber coupling all-solid-state laser to perform laser gas nitriding and alloying treatment on the coating surface. The laser parameters were: the focal length is 280mm, the laser power is 2500w, the spot speed is 500mm/s, the lap joint rate is 30 percent, and the laser processing time is 10s, so that the Ti/TiN gradient coating is prepared.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) spraying titanium alloy powder on the surface of a steel substrate to obtain a titanium alloy coating on the surface of the steel substrate;
the working conditions of spraying are as follows: the spraying temperature is 500-700 ℃, the spraying pressure is 1-3 MPa, the spraying distance is 20-40 mm, the moving speed of a spray gun is 15-25 mm/s, the powder delivery amount is 10-30 g/min, and the working gas is nitrogen;
(2) putting the steel substrate sprayed with the titanium alloy coating into a workbench, coaxially and laterally feeding gas on a scanning path, wherein the gas feeding flow is 30L/min, and the volume ratio of the working gas of nitrogen to argon is 1: 3, turning on a laser to perform gas nitriding treatment, wherein the laser parameters are set as follows: the distance between the center of the laser focusing lens and the processing surface of the sample is 240-320 mm, the laser power is 1500-2500 w, the spot speed is 460-500 mm/s, the lap joint rate is 10-50%, and the laser processing time is 10-15 s, so that the Ti/TiN gradient coating is prepared.
2. The method for preparing the gradient coating on the steel surface by cold spraying/laser gas nitriding composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the steel substrate is alloy steel or low-carbon steel.
3. The method for preparing the gradient coating on the steel surface by cold spraying/laser gas nitriding composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), before spraying, a steel matrix is pretreated by the following steps: and sequentially polishing the surfaces of the glass substrates by using 240#, 500#, 1000#, 1500# and 2000# sandpaper, then removing oil, cleaning, and naturally drying for later use.
4. The method for preparing the gradient coating on the steel surface by cold spraying/laser gas nitriding composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the titanium alloy powder is Ti-6Al-4V, the particle size is 45-106 μm, the powder is spherical powder prepared by an aerosol method, the purity of the powder is 99.9%, and the powder is dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80-90 ℃ for 20-30 min before use.
5. The method for preparing the gradient coating on the steel surface by cold spraying/laser gas nitriding composite according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the laser is a fiber-coupled all-solid-state laser.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911357327.3A CN111005015A (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Method for preparing gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911357327.3A CN111005015A (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Method for preparing gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding |
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| CN111005015A true CN111005015A (en) | 2020-04-14 |
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| CN201911357327.3A Pending CN111005015A (en) | 2019-12-25 | 2019-12-25 | Method for preparing gradient coating by steel surface cold spraying/laser gas nitriding compounding |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112404455A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser repairing method for titanium alloy surface nitride layer |
| CN113529008A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing gradient composite wear-resistant coating on surface of titanium or titanium alloy |
| CN113679253A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Container and cooking utensil |
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- 2019-12-25 CN CN201911357327.3A patent/CN111005015A/en active Pending
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| CN113679253A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-23 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Container and cooking utensil |
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| CN113529008A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Method for preparing gradient composite wear-resistant coating on surface of titanium or titanium alloy |
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Application publication date: 20200414 |
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