CN102409338B - Same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding method - Google Patents
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- CN102409338B CN102409338B CN201110352255.0A CN201110352255A CN102409338B CN 102409338 B CN102409338 B CN 102409338B CN 201110352255 A CN201110352255 A CN 201110352255A CN 102409338 B CN102409338 B CN 102409338B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) performing rust removing, oil removing, cleaning and sand blasting treatment on the surface of a substrate; (2) splitting a laser beam of the same wavelength into two beams of laser by using a laser beam splitter mirror; (3) applying a first beam of laser to the surface of the substrate for performing preheating treatment on the substrate; (4) blowing alloy powder into a molten pool formed on a second beam of laser on the surface of the substrate by using a powder nozzle of an automatic powder feeder; (5) moving a numerically-controlled machine too along the vertical direction of a laser scanning speed by 40-80 percent of the diameter of a laser spot; and (6) repeating the steps (2)-(5) till the thickness of a coating reaches a required thickness, or ending work. The method has the advantages: (1) the processing cost is reduced greatly; (2) the substrate has a small heat affected zone, and is not deformed; and (3) the shape and size of the substrate are unlimited.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding, belongs to technical field of laser processing.
Background technology
The important damages such as the burn into wearing and tearing of metallic element and repeated stress failure, the destruction of bringing and financial loss are very surprising, as the U.S. reaches 3,000 hundred million dollars because corroding the loss causing nineteen ninety-five, the financial loss that China causes because of friction wear every year reaches 1,000 hundred million yuan.Therefore, adopt the methods such as surface modification, coating, improve the surface property of metallic element, repair, control or prevent surface distress, can extend its service life, obtain huge economic benefit.
Conventional surface coating process has plating, thermospray, built-up welding and laser melting coating etc.Wherein, plating has that technique is simple, working method and the advantage such as tooling cost is low, but electrolytic coating is very thin, is generally less than 0.3 micron, it is poor to be combined with matrix, there will be electric force lines distribution inequality to cause forming continuously and the electrolytic coating of even thickness during machining large workpiece; Coatingsurface prepared by thermospray is coarse, has a large amount of pores and tiny crack in it, is mechanical bond between coating and matrix, and after use for some time, coating is easily peeled off; Built-up welding is because the power input of thermal source is larger, for the matrix material that contains ceramic phase, easily there is a large amount of scaling loss in ceramic phase, causes the hardness and wear resistance of coating to reduce, and easily make the thinning ratio of coating and the heat affected zone of base material become large, cause base material that serious distortion occurs.
Laser melting and coating technique is a kind of emerging surface strengthening technology, and it is by add cladding material at substrate surface, and utilizes the laser beam of high-energy-density to make it a kind of method that together with substrate surface thin layer rapid melting rapid solidification crystallization form coating.For other surface strengthening technology, laser melting and coating technique has the following advantages: (1) beam direction controllability is good, is easy to realize constituency processing; (2) laser beam energy density is high, at cladding process, the heat affected zone of base material and thermal distortion can be reduced to minimum degree; (3) microstructure of coating is fine and close, thinning ratio is low and controlled, is with matrix the metallurgical binding that bonding strength is high, incrust in process under arms; (4) laser melting and coating technique environmentally safe, level of automation is high.But up to the present, laser melting and coating technique is not widely used in industry, key reason has two: the one, and laser melting coating efficiency is on the low side, causes tooling cost too high; The 2nd, cladding layer easily cracks, and has limited the practical application of this technology.Therefore, seek a kind of easy to operately, tooling cost is low, and can raise the efficiency with the method for eliminating laser cladding layer crackle and become the target that researchist pursues always.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding, it is to utilize laser beam splitter mirror that the laser beam of Same Wavelength is divided into two bundle laser, a branch of for substrate surface is carried out to thermal pretreatment, its objective is and improve the crackle of base material to the specific absorption of another beam of laser and elimination cladding layer; Another beam of laser is used for melting substrate surface and forms molten bath and melted alloy powder.Therefore, in laser cladding process, adopt the method for narrow spot and base material preheating, can increase substantially the utilization ratio and the thermograde reducing in laser cladding process of laser energy, thereby under high-level efficiency condition, obtain flawless high-performance coating.
The present invention is achieved like this, and it is characterized in that method steps is:
(1) to substrate surface eliminate rust, oil removing, cleaning and sandblasting, base material can be carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron;
(2) adopt to have and determine the Nd:YAG laser beam that the laser beam splitter mirror of splitting ratio is 1.06 μ m by wavelength and be divided into two bundle laser, after line focus, act on substrate surface;
(3) beam of laser are preheating laser beam, be mainly used in substrate surface to carry out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption of base material to the second bundle laser, the temperature of preheating is 200 ~ 950 ℃, the second bundle laser is cladding laser beam, be mainly used in melting substrate surface and form molten bath and melted alloy powder, and act on substrate surface and be positioned at the first bundle laser motion direction after, wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 0.5 ~ 8 kW, be divided into after two bundle laser, the power of preheating laser beam is 0.15 ~ 3.2 kW, the power of cladding laser beam is 3 ~ 5.6 kW, spot diameter at substrate surface after two bundle laser line focuses is 1.2 ~ 2 mm,
(4) utilize the powder jet of automatic powder feeding device that powdered alloy is blown into the second bundle laser in the molten bath of substrate surface formation, after fusing at substrate surface drawout, after the second bundle laser motion is removed, melting layer rapid solidification crystallization form coating, and wherein, laser scanning speed is 0.8 ~ 25 m/min, powder mass flow is 10 ~ 60 g/min, the angle of powder jet and cladding laser beam is 30 ~ 50 °, with the vertical range of substrate surface be 6 ~ 10 mm, powder size is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating complete together after, along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, move numerically-controlled machine, its distance moving is laser spot diameter 80 ~ 40%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not had, repeating step (2)-(5), until coating reaches desired thickness; Otherwise, end-of-job.
When carrying out described step (2), the K9 glass that laser beam splitter mirror is twin polishing or float glass or ultraviolet silica glass, splitting ratio is 30%:70% and 40%:60%.
When carrying out described step (3), the second bundle lasing, after the first bundle laser motion direction, is 2 ~ 7 mm thereby control two bundle laser in the spot center spacing of substrate surface.
When carrying out described step (4), powdered alloy is for being mixed with Ni base, Co base, Fe base and the Cu base alloy powder of the strengthening phase particle of 0 ~ 90 wt.%, wherein strengthening phase particle be carbide as WC, SiC and TiC, boride is as TiB
2with CrB
2, silicide is as MoSi
2with WSi
2, oxide compound is as Al
2o
3, ZrO
2, intermetallic gold thing FeAl, NiAl and TiAl etc.
When carrying out described step (5), numerically-controlled machine is moved to 80 ~ 40%m of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby control the overlapping rate 40 ~ 80% between continuous two passages.
Advantage of the present invention is: (1) is slow and load and unload inconvenient process furnace without bulky, preheating speed, and the relatively conventional laser melting and coating technique maximum of laser processing efficiency can improve 40 times, and tooling cost is significantly reduced; (2) coating structure is fine and close, and thinning ratio is low and controlled, and pore-free and crackle have the excellent performances such as hardness is high, wear-resisting and anti-corrosion; (3) easy to operate, level of automation is high, has the potentiality of widespread use in the industrial circles such as aerospace, metallurgical machinery, vehicle mould, petrochemical industry and electric power aspect the surface strengthening of key components and parts and reparation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of a kind of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
On 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll surface, adopt the method for same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding to prepare Ni base alloy coat, the thickness of this coating is 2mm.
The implementation process of the present embodiment is, as shown in Figure 1.
(1) adopt sander to carry out processing of rust removing to the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9, the mixing solutions oil removing of the sodium hydroxide that is then 1:1 by volume ratio and sodium carbonate, then clean and dry with pure water, finally carry out sandblasting;
(2) adopt to have and determine the laser beam that Nd:YAG laser apparatus 2 that the laser beam splitter mirror 11 of splitting ratio is 1.06 μ m by wavelength sends and be divided into laser beam L1 and laser beam L2, laser beam L1 acts on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 after speculum 12 reflections and condensing lens 8 focus on, and acts on the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 after laser beam L2 line focus mirror 3 focuses on.Wherein, laser beam splitter mirror 11 is the K9 glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 40%:60%;
(3) beam of laser L1 are preheating laser beam, be mainly used in the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 to carry out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption and the thermograde reducing in laser cladding process of 9 couples second bundle laser L2 of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll, the temperature of preheating is 600 ℃, the second bundle laser L2 is cladding laser beam, be mainly used in melting the formation molten bath, surface 4 and melted alloy powder 7 of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9, and act on 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 surface and be positioned at beam of laser L1 direction of motion after, making laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 is 4 mm in the surperficial spot center spacing of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9.Wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 4 kW, be divided into after two bundle laser, the power of preheating laser beam is 1.6 kW, the power of cladding laser beam is 2.4 kW, and laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 respectively line focus mirror 8 are 1.5 mm at the surperficial spot diameter of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 after focusing on condensing lens 3;
(4) utilize the powder jet 6 of automatic powder feeding device 5 that Co-based alloy powder 7 is blown into the second bundle laser L2 in the molten bath 4 of the surface of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 formation, after fusing, at the surface spreading of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9, open, after the second bundle laser L2 motion is removed, melting layer rapid solidification crystallization form coating 13.Wherein, utilizing computer 1 to regulate laser scanning speed is that 15 m/min and powder mass flow are 40 g/min, powder jet 6 is 35 ° with the angle of cladding laser beam L2, with the surperficial vertical range of 70Mn2Mo cast steel hot roll 9 be 8 mm, the chemical composition of Co-based alloy powder 7 is: 0.5 ~ 0.8wt.% C, 3.0 ~ 6.0wt.% Si, 3.5 ~ 5.0wt.% B, 12 ~ 18wt.% Cr, 12.0 ~ 18wt.% Fe, surplus is Ni, and its granularity is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating complete together after, utilize computer 1 that numerically-controlled machine 10 is moved to 80 ~ 40% of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby the overlapping rate of controlling between continuous two passages is 40-80%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating 13 reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not had, repeating step (2)-(5), until coating 13 reaches desired thickness; Otherwise, end-of-job.
Adopt the method for same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding at hydraulic cylinder piston rod surface cladding WC-12 wt.% Co, the thickness of this coating is 1.8 mm, and the material of hydraulic cylinder piston rod is No. 35 steel.
(1) adopt sander to carry out processing of rust removing to the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9, the mixing solutions oil removing of the hydroxide steel that is then 1:1 by volume ratio and sodium carbonate, then clean and dry with pure water, finally carry out sandblasting;
(2) adopt to have and determine the laser beam that Nd:YAG laser apparatus 2 that the laser beam splitter mirror 11 of splitting ratio is 1.06 μ m by wavelength sends and be divided into laser beam L1 and laser beam L2, laser beam L1 acts on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 after speculum 12 reflections and condensing lens 8 focus on, and acts on the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 after laser beam L2 line focus mirror 3 focuses on.Wherein, laser beam splitter mirror 11 is the ultraviolet silica glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 30%:70%;
(3) beam of laser L1 are preheating laser beam, be mainly used in the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 to carry out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption and the thermograde reducing in laser cladding process of 9 couples second bundle laser L2 of hydraulic cylinder piston rod, the temperature of preheating is 950 ℃, the second bundle laser L2 is cladding laser beam, be mainly used in melting the formation molten bath, surface 4 and melted alloy powder 7 of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9, and act on hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 surface and be positioned at beam of laser L1 direction of motion after, making laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 is 7 mm in the surperficial spot center spacing of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9.Wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 8 kW, is divided into after two bundle laser, and the power of preheating laser beam is 2.4 kW, the power of cladding laser beam is 5.6 kW, and laser beam L1 and laser beam L2 respectively line focus mirror 8 are 2.0 mm at the surperficial spot diameter of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 after focusing on condensing lens 3;
(4) utilize the powder jet 6 of automatic powder feeding device 5 that powdered alloy 7 is blown into the second bundle laser L2 in the molten bath 4 of the surface of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 formation, after fusing, at the surface spreading of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9, open, after the second bundle laser L2 motion is removed, melting layer rapid solidification crystallization form coating 13.Wherein, utilizing computer 1 to regulate laser scanning speed is that 25 m/min and powder mass flow are 60 g/min, powder jet 6 is 45 ° with the angle of cladding laser beam L2, with the surperficial vertical range of hydraulic cylinder piston rod 9 be 10 mm, the chemical composition of powdered alloy 7 is: 12 wt.% Co, 88 wt.% WC, its granularity is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating complete together after, utilize computer 1 that numerically-controlled machine 10 is moved to 80 ~ 40% of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby the overlapping rate of controlling between continuous two passages is 40-80%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating 13 reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not had, repeating step (2)-(5), until coating 13 reaches desired thickness; Otherwise, end-of-job.
Claims (5)
1. a method for same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding, is characterized in that method steps is:
(1) to substrate surface eliminate rust, oil removing, cleaning and sandblasting;
(2) adopt to have and determine the Nd:YAG laser beam that the laser beam splitter mirror of splitting ratio is 1.06 μ m by wavelength and be divided into two bundle laser, act on substrate surface after line focus, base material can be carbon steel, steel alloy, cast iron;
(3) beam of laser are preheating laser beam, be mainly used in substrate surface to carry out thermal pretreatment, improve the specific absorption of base material to the second bundle laser, the temperature of preheating is 200 ~ 950 ℃, the second bundle laser is cladding laser beam, be mainly used in melting substrate surface and form molten bath and melted alloy powder, and act on substrate surface and be positioned at the first bundle laser motion direction after, wherein, the power of laser apparatus is 4 ~ 8 kW, be divided into after two bundle laser, the power of preheating laser beam is 0.15 ~ 3.2 kW, the power of cladding laser beam is 3 ~ 5.6 kW, spot diameter at substrate surface after two bundle laser line focuses is 1.2 ~ 2 mm,
(4) utilize the powder jet of automatic powder feeding device that powdered alloy is blown into the second bundle laser in the molten bath of substrate surface formation, after fusing at substrate surface drawout, after the second bundle laser motion is removed, melting layer rapid solidification crystallization form coating, and wherein, laser scanning speed is 0.8 ~ 25 m/min, powder mass flow is 10 ~ 60 g/min, the angle of powder jet and cladding laser beam is 30 ~ 50 °, with the vertical range of substrate surface be 6 ~ 10 mm, powder size is-180 ~+320 orders;
(5) when laser melting coating complete together after, along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, move numerically-controlled machine, its distance moving is laser spot diameter 80 ~ 40%;
(6) whether the thickness of detection coating reaches the thickness requirement of expection, if do not had, repeating step (2)-(5), until coating reaches desired thickness; Otherwise, end-of-job.
2. the method for a kind of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when carrying out described step (2), laser beam splitter mirror is K9 glass or float glass or the ultraviolet silica glass of twin polishing, and splitting ratio is 30%:70% and 40%:60%.
3. the method for a kind of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when carrying out described step (3), the second bundle lasing, after the first bundle laser motion direction, is 2 ~ 7 mm thereby control two bundle laser in the spot center spacing of substrate surface.
4. the method for a kind of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when carrying out described step (4), powdered alloy is for being mixed with Ni base, Co base, Fe base and the Cu base alloy powder of the strengthening phase particle of 0 ~ 90 wt.%, wherein strengthening phase particle is carbide, boride, silicide, oxide compound or intermetallic gold thing, described carbide is WC, SiC or TiC, and described boride is TiB
2or CrB
2, described silicide is MoSi
2or WSi
2, described oxide compound is Al
2o
3or ZrO
2, described intermetallic compound is FeAl, NiAl or TiAl.
5. the method for a kind of same-wavelength double-beam narrow-spot laser quick cladding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that when carrying out described step (5), numerically-controlled machine is moved to 80 ~ 40% of laser spot diameter along the vertical direction of laser scanning speed, thereby control the overlapping rate 40 ~ 80% between continuous two passages.
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| CN111058036B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2020-11-24 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Method for preparing wear-resistant corrosion-resistant temperature-sensitive coating by double-laser synergistic ultrahigh-speed laser cladding |
| CN112044872B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-25 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Method for regulating thickness of molten layer on surface of substrate after laser cleaning |
| CN114318329B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Ultra-high-speed laser cladding device and process based on magnetic force and centrifugal force double pressing |
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| CN101992350A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-30 | 通用电气公司 | System and method of dual laser beam welding using first and second filler metals |
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