CN114250459A - Method for supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting and spraying device - Google Patents
Method for supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting and spraying device Download PDFInfo
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010288 cold spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for depositing micro shot blasting by supersonic laser, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the surface of a part to be repaired; manufacturing a mixed spraying material, introducing a laser beam in a cold spraying process, performing supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting on the part to be repaired after pretreatment, and performing post-treatment on a workpiece repairing layer to obtain a qualified repairing part; the invention also comprises a spraying device which comprises cold spraying equipment, laser equipment, carrier gas supply equipment and mobile equipment, wherein a mechanical arm of the mobile equipment is suspended above the workbench, and the cold spraying equipment comprises a powder feeder, a gas heater, a cold spraying spray gun and a power supply; the laser equipment comprises a laser head and an infrared detector; the carrier gas supply equipment comprises a gas cylinder group, a gas transmission pipeline and a control valve. The invention has the beneficial effects that: due to the introduction of the laser beam, compared with single cold spraying, the deposition efficiency and the bonding strength of the soft metal material are greatly improved, and the defect of high porosity inside the repairing layer is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser composite processing, and particularly relates to a method for supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting and a spraying device.
Background
Some soft metals and alloys thereof have good extensibility and electrical and thermal conductivity, are often applied to the power and information transmission industry, and for parts which work in sliding friction and corrosive environments for a long time, surface abrasion and surface corrosion are easy to occur, so that the parts are invalid, however, the cost for replacing the parts again is too high, the surfaces of the invalid parts can be repaired, in order to reduce the influence of the repairing work on an original substrate as much as possible, cold spraying technology is often applied, but the repairing layer obtained by the cold spraying technology has poor density and strength, and available powder materials are limited.
In order to improve the performance of a repairing layer, at present, a hard ceramic phase is generally added into soft powder during cold spraying processing, so that the hardness and the strength of a coating are improved, and the wear resistance of the coating is improved. However, for some parts made of soft metal, the requirements on the performances of heat conduction and electric conduction, signal stability and the like are very high, a powder material similar to a matrix is used as far as possible when the surface of the part is repaired, other phases cannot be involved, and the existence of a hard ceramic phase can influence the repairing performance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of low deposition efficiency, poor bonding strength, high porosity and poor performance of the repair layer prepared by the existing cold spraying technology, the invention mainly aims to provide a supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting method. In addition, the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are added into the soft powder, the effect of tamping micro shot blasting is achieved on the soft metal powder, the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are far larger than the soft metal powder particles in particle size, the soft metal can be only softened by introducing laser, the softening effect on the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is limited, so that the soft metal powder can rebound and cannot remain in the repairing layer, the repairing layer is combined more tightly, the porosity of the repairing layer is reduced, the deposition efficiency and the combination strength are improved, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the repairing layer are improved, the repairing layer has good heat conduction and electric conduction performance or information transmission performance, and the comprehensive performance of the repairing layer on the surface of the soft metal material is greatly improved through supersonic laser micro shot blasting.
A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening, comprising the steps of:
1) pretreating the surface of the part to be repaired: polishing, sand blasting, ultrasonic cleaning, absolute ethyl alcohol wiping and preheating treatment are carried out in sequence, burrs can be removed by polishing, the surface to be processed is smooth, the part to be repaired after the pretreatment is obtained, wherein surface oxides are removed by sand blasting, the surface roughness is improved, stains and residues are removed by ultrasonic cleaning, and the surface activity is excited by the preheating treatment;
2) mechanically mixing the pretreated soft metal powder with large-particle-size hard spherical particles, wherein the volume percentage of the large-particle-size hard spherical particles in the mixture of the soft metal powder and the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is 10-50 wt.%, drying the powder before deposition at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for 3 hours, and then loading the powder into a powder feeder; the particle size of the soft metal powder is 10-52 mu m, and the particle size of the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is 120-150 mu m;
3) horizontally fixing the part to be repaired after the surface pretreatment on a workbench;
4) the cold spraying equipment is connected with carrier gas, such as nitrogen and the like;
5) setting cold spraying parameters including carrier gas pressure, carrier gas preheating temperature, carrier gas flow and powder feeder rotation speed;
6) controlling the laser power of the laser;
7) adjusting the angle between a cold spraying spray gun of cold spraying equipment and a laser head of a laser, correcting the relative position of a cold spraying powder spot and a laser spot, adjusting the position of a laser focus to enable the spraying powder spot and the laser spot to be superposed and irradiate onto the surface of a part to be repaired after pretreatment, adjusting the spraying distance and the scanning speed, and planning a spraying scanning path at the same time;
8) starting cold spraying equipment, a laser and an air opening valve, and carrying out supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting on the part to be repaired after pretreatment;
9) after the supersonic laser deposition micro-spray pill is finished, post-processing is carried out on the workpiece repairing layer, and qualified repairing parts can be obtained.
Further, the part to be repaired is made of metals such as copper, aluminum, zinc, silver, gold and the like and alloys thereof, and the material of the part to be repaired used in the experiment is red copper.
Further, the preheating temperature of the part to be repaired in the step 3 is 120 ℃, and the time duration is 30 min.
Further, the soft metal powder material in the step 2) is copper, aluminum, zinc, silver, gold or alloy thereof which can be matched with the material of the part to be repaired; the large-particle-size hard spherical particle material is alumina, WC, stainless steel and zirconia.
Further, the soft metal powder material is copper powder, the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are alumina, and the volume ratio of the large-particle-size alumina spherical particles can be 10 vol.%, 20 vol.%, 30 vol.%, 40 vol.%, 50 vol.%, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
mixing the large-particle-size alumina spherical particles with the copper particles to obtain mixed powder;
putting the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1h at the speed of 300rpm, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3: 1; the powder after ball milling passes through a screen of 80 meshes, the powder below is taken out, and the mixed powder of alumina spherical particles with large particle size and copper particles which are uniformly mixed and have proper particle size is obtained, so that the acceleration effect is better during spraying.
Further, the cold spraying carrier gas in the step 5) is nitrogen, the pressure of the carrier gas is 1.5-3.0 MPa, the preheating temperature of the carrier gas is 450-600 ℃, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 5-30 g/min, and the pressure of the carrier gas used in the experiment is 1.5MPa, the preheating temperature of the carrier gas is 450 ℃, and the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 25 g/min.
Further, the laser in the step 6) is a fiber laser, which is one of semiconductor lasers, and the laser power range is 400W-700W.
Further, the spraying distance in the step 7) is 15-20 mm, the diameter of the sprayed powder spot is 5mm, the laser head and the cold spraying spray gun are fixed together, the cold spraying spray gun is kept perpendicular to the surface of the part to be repaired after pretreatment, an included angle of 20-45 degrees is formed between the laser head and the normal direction of the spray gun, the focal length of the laser is adjusted in a matching mode, the laser spot and the powder spot area are overlapped, and the scanning speed is 15-30 mm/s.
Further, the post-treatment comprises surface heat treatment, grinding and polishing and other machining.
The spraying device constructed by the supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting method is characterized in that: the device comprises cold spraying equipment, laser equipment, carrier gas supply equipment and mobile equipment, wherein a mechanical arm of the mobile equipment is suspended above a workbench, the cold spraying equipment comprises a powder feeder, a gas heater, a cold spraying spray gun and a power supply, and a powder feeding port of the powder feeder is communicated with a powder inlet pipeline of the cold spraying spray gun; a heating channel is arranged in the gas heater, and the voltage input end of the heater is electrically connected with the voltage output end of the power supply;
the laser equipment comprises a laser head and an infrared detector, the laser head and the cold spraying spray gun are simultaneously and fixedly arranged on a mechanical arm of the mobile equipment, and a powder beam sprayed by the cold spraying spray gun and a laser beam emitted by the laser head are kept to be completely or partially overlapped and then jointly converged on the surface of the part to be repaired; the infrared detector is arranged beside the laser head and used for detecting the thickness of a repairing layer on the surface of the part to be repaired;
the carrier gas supply equipment comprises a gas bottle group, a gas transmission pipeline and a control valve, wherein one end of the gas transmission pipeline is communicated with a gas supply port of the gas bottle group, the other end of the gas transmission pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the cold spraying spray gun after passing through the gas heater, and the second branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the powder feeder; and corresponding control valves are respectively arranged on the main pipeline of the gas transmission pipeline and the branch pipelines.
Further, the nozzle of the cold spraying spray gun is a Laval nozzle.
Further, the control valve is divided into a main gas valve, a gas pressure regulating valve and a powder feeding gas valve, wherein the main gas valve is arranged on the main pipeline of the gas transmission pipeline and used for controlling the ventilation state and the ventilation quantity of the main pipeline; the air pressure regulating valve is arranged on the first branch pipeline and used for controlling the ventilation state and the ventilation quantity of the first branch pipeline; the powder feeding gas valve is arranged on the second branch pipeline and used for controlling the ventilation state and the ventilation amount of the second branch pipeline.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the laser is synchronously coupled in the process of cold spraying the mixed powder of the large-particle-size alumina spherical particles and the copper particles, the powder particles are instantaneously heated by using a high-energy-density laser beam, the laser beam only synchronously heats and softens the copper powder and the matrix but does not melt, the critical deposition speed of the powder is reduced, the deposition efficiency of the powder is improved, but the softening effect of the laser beam on the large-particle-size alumina spherical particles is limited, so the laser beam can bounce away after bombarding the copper particles and cannot remain in a repairing layer, the binding force of the coating is improved, the plastic deformation capability of the copper powder is improved by laser irradiation, the mechanical occlusion between the copper and the repairing surface is strengthened, the pores in the coating are eliminated, the problems of high porosity and the like caused by poor mechanical occlusion in the single cold spraying preparation are solved, and the comprehensive performance of the composite coating is greatly improved.
The invention reduces the critical deposition speed of the soft powder through the irradiation of the laser, improves the deposition efficiency and the binding force of the soft powder, and solves a plurality of problems of single cold spraying. In addition, the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are added into the soft powder, the effect of tamping micro shot blasting is achieved on the soft metal powder, the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are far larger than the soft metal powder particles in particle size, the laser only can soften the soft metal, and the softening effect on the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is limited, so that the large-particle-size hard spherical particles can rebound and are not easy to remain in the repairing layer, the repairing layer is combined more tightly, the porosity of the repairing layer is reduced, the deposition efficiency and the bonding strength are improved, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the repairing layer are improved, the repairing layer has good heat conduction and electric conduction performance or information transmission performance, the comprehensive performance of the repairing layer on the surface of the soft metal material is greatly improved through supersonic laser micro shot blasting, and the green development concept is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method belongs to a green surface additive technology, and can repair the surface of a failed part and prolong the service life of a product, so that the production cost and the resource waste are reduced, and the green development concept is met.
(2) Due to the introduction of the laser beam, compared with single cold spraying, the deposition efficiency and the bonding strength of the soft metal material are greatly improved, and the defect of high porosity inside the repairing layer is eliminated. The deposition process still keeps the solid deposition mechanism of cold spraying, can effectively avoid the thermal adverse effect of the spraying powder, keeps the phase and the microstructure of the soft metal material, has no influence on the performance of the part to be repaired, does not form a thermal influence area, and can furthest ensure the integrity of the material performance.
(3) Because the ceramic phase spherical particles with large particle size generate micro shot blasting in the processing process, the ceramic phase particles have shot blasting effect on soft powder materials, do not remain in the repairing layer, and act on the soft metal particles together with laser, so that the prepared repairing layer has good wear resistance and bonding strength while ensuring the performances of high heat conduction and electric conduction, information transmission and the like, and the service life of parts is greatly prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of spherical alumina particles having a large particle size used in example 1 of the present invention, magnified 500 times.
FIG. 2 shows WC spherical particles having a large particle size used in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a light mirror image of the macroscopic morphology of a repair layer prepared by supersonic laser deposition micro-shot blasting, with a magnification of 50 times.
FIG. 4 shows the top topography of a supersonic laser deposition micro-shot repairing layer prepared by lapping under 600W laser power in example 1 of the present invention (taken by an electron microscope).
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the spray coating device of the present invention; the device comprises 100-cold spraying equipment, 200-laser equipment, 300-carrier gas supply equipment, 400-a workbench, 1-an air pressure adjusting valve, 2-a powder feeder, 3-a gas heater, 4-a power supply, 5-a cold spraying spray gun, 6-a laser head, 7-an infrared detector, 8-a part to be repaired, 9-a nitrogen bottle group, 10-a gas main valve, 11-a powder feeding gas valve and 12-a gas pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to the accompanying drawings:
embodiment 1 a method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening, comprising the steps of:
taking a part to be repaired as a base material, firstly polishing the base material, then carrying out sand blasting treatment on the 24# white corundum under the air pressure of 1.0MPa to improve the surface roughness and remove surface oxides, then putting the part into an ultrasonic cleaner to clean and remove surface impurities, then washing the part with absolute ethyl alcohol, then wiping and airing the part, putting the part into a vacuum drying furnace to preheat (the temperature is 120 ℃ and the time is 0.5h), and fixing the treated base material on a workbench. And (2) fully and mechanically mixing large-particle-size alumina spherical particles (the particle size is 120-150 mu m, and the volume ratio of alumina is 30 vol.% as shown in figure 1) with Cu powder (ball milling is carried out for 30min at the rotating speed of 300 rpm), drying (drying is carried out for 3 hours at the drying temperature of 120 ℃), and then pouring into a powder feeder. Setting spraying carrier gas (N) in cold spraying control panel2) The pressure is 1.5MPa, the powder feeding speed is 25g/min, the gas preheating temperature is 450 ℃, the spraying distance is 15mm, and the scanning speed is 15 mm/s. And changing laser power (respectively 400W, 500W, 600W and 700W) in the spraying process, overlapping the laser power by 2mm, and finally inlaying, grinding, polishing and corroding the sprayed sample. The coating morphology of the sample is observed by an optical microscope (AXIOScope. A1) under the magnification of 50 times, and a repair layer added with 600W laser can be seen in figure 3The thickness was 447.14 μm, and the repair layer was almost free from alumina residue. In addition, the morphology of the top of the repair layer of the sample (600w lap) observed under an over-scanning electron microscope (SEM, IGMA HV-01-043, Carl Zeiss) at a magnification of 500 times is shown in fig. 4, and large-particle spherical alumina particles are not embedded in the copper repair layer and are not easily left in the repair layer.
Embodiment 2 a spray coating apparatus constructed by the method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to the present invention comprises a cold spray coating device 100, a laser device 200, a carrier gas supply device 300, and a mobile device, wherein a mechanical arm of the mobile device is suspended above a worktable 400, the cold spray coating device 100 comprises a powder feeder, a gas heater 3, a cold spray gun 5, and a power supply 4, and a powder feeding port of the powder feeder 2 is in pipe communication with a powder feeding port of the cold spray gun 5; a heating channel is arranged in the gas heater 3, and a voltage input end of the gas heater 3 is electrically connected with a voltage output end of the power supply 4;
the laser device 200 comprises a laser head 6 and an infrared detector 7, the laser head 6 and the cold spraying spray gun 5 are simultaneously and fixedly arranged on a mechanical arm of the mobile device, and powder beams sprayed by the cold spraying spray gun 5 and laser beams emitted by the laser head 6 are kept to be completely or partially overlapped and then jointly converged on the surface of the part 8 to be repaired; the infrared detector 7 is arranged beside the laser head 6 and is used for detecting the thickness of a repairing layer on the surface of the part 8 to be repaired;
the carrier gas supply device 300 comprises a gas bottle group 9, a gas transmission pipeline 12 and a control valve, wherein one end of the gas transmission pipeline 12 is communicated with a gas supply port of the gas bottle group 9, the other end of the gas transmission pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines, the first branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the cold spraying spray gun after passing through the gas heater, and the second branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the powder feeder; corresponding control valves are arranged on the main pipeline of the gas transmission pipeline 12, the first branch pipeline and the second branch pipeline.
The nozzle of the cold spraying spray gun 5 is a Laval nozzle.
The control valve is divided into a main gas valve 10, a gas pressure regulating valve 1 and a powder feeding gas valve 11, wherein the main gas valve 10 is arranged on a main pipeline of the gas transmission pipeline 12 and is used for controlling the ventilation state and the ventilation quantity of the main pipeline; the air pressure regulating valve 1 is arranged on the first branch pipeline and used for controlling the ventilation state and the ventilation quantity of the first branch pipeline; the powder feeding gas valve 11 is disposed on the second branch pipe and used for controlling the ventilation state and ventilation amount of the second branch pipe.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but includes equivalent technical means as would be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (10)
1. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening, comprising the steps of:
1) pretreating the surface of the part to be repaired: polishing, sand blasting, ultrasonic cleaning, absolute ethyl alcohol wiping and preheating treatment are carried out in sequence, burrs can be removed by polishing, the surface to be processed is smooth, the part to be repaired after the pretreatment is obtained, wherein surface oxides are removed by sand blasting, the surface roughness is improved, stains and residues are removed by ultrasonic cleaning, and the surface activity is excited by the preheating treatment;
2) mechanically mixing the pretreated soft metal powder with large-particle-size hard spherical particles, wherein the volume percentage of the large-particle-size hard spherical particles in the mixture of the soft metal powder and the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is 10-50 wt.%, drying the powder before deposition at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ for 3 hours, and then loading the powder into a powder feeder; the particle size of the soft metal powder is 10-52 mu m, and the particle size of the large-particle-size hard spherical particles is 120-150 mu m;
3) horizontally fixing the part to be repaired after the surface pretreatment on a workbench;
4) the cold spraying equipment is communicated with carrier gas;
5) setting cold spraying parameters including carrier gas pressure, carrier gas preheating temperature, carrier gas flow and powder feeder rotation speed;
6) controlling the laser power of the laser;
7) adjusting the angle between a cold spraying spray gun of cold spraying equipment and a laser head of a laser, correcting the relative position of a cold spraying powder spot and a laser spot, adjusting the position of a laser focus to enable the spraying powder spot and the laser spot to be superposed and irradiate onto the surface of a part to be repaired after pretreatment, adjusting the spraying distance and the scanning speed, and planning a spraying scanning path at the same time;
8) starting cold spraying equipment, a laser and an air opening valve, and carrying out supersonic laser deposition micro shot blasting on the part to be repaired after pretreatment;
9) after the supersonic laser deposition micro-spray pill is finished, post-processing is carried out on the workpiece repairing layer, and qualified repairing parts can be obtained.
2. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: the part to be repaired is made of copper, aluminum, zinc, silver, gold and alloy thereof.
3. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: and 3, preheating the part to be repaired at 120 ℃ for 30 min.
4. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: the soft metal powder material in the step 2) is copper, aluminum, zinc, silver, gold and alloy thereof which can be matched with the material of the part to be repaired; the large-particle-size hard spherical particle material is alumina, WC, stainless steel and zirconia.
5. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 4, wherein: the soft metal powder material is copper powder, and the large-particle-size hard spherical particles are alumina, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:
mixing the large-particle-size alumina spherical particles with the copper particles to obtain mixed powder;
putting the mixed powder into a planetary ball mill, and carrying out ball milling for 1h at the speed of 300rpm, wherein the ball-material ratio is 3: 1; and (3) screening the ball-milled powder by a 80-mesh screen, taking the powder below, and obtaining mixed powder of large-particle-size alumina spherical particles and copper particles which are uniformly mixed and have proper particle sizes.
6. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: the cold spraying carrier gas type in the step 5) is nitrogen, the pressure of the carrier gas is 1.5-3.0 MPa, the preheating temperature of the carrier gas is 450-600 ℃, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 5-30 g/min, and the pressure of the carrier gas used in the experiment is 1.5MPa, the preheating temperature of the carrier gas is 450 ℃, and the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 25 g/min.
7. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: the laser in the step 6) is a fiber laser, and the laser power range is 400W-700W.
8. A method of supersonic laser deposition micro-peening according to claim 1, wherein: and 7), the spraying distance is 15-20 mm, the diameter of the sprayed powder spot is 5mm, the laser head and the cold spraying spray gun are fixed together, the cold spraying spray gun is kept perpendicular to the surface of the part to be repaired after pretreatment, an included angle of 20-45 degrees is formed between the laser head and the normal direction of the spray gun, the focal distance of the laser is adjusted in a matching mode, the laser spot is overlapped with the powder spot area, and the scanning speed is 15-30 mm/s.
9. The spray coating device constructed by the method of supersonic laser deposition micro-shot blasting according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the device comprises cold spraying equipment, laser equipment, carrier gas supply equipment and mobile equipment, wherein a mechanical arm of the mobile equipment is suspended above a workbench, the cold spraying equipment comprises a powder feeder, a gas heater, a cold spraying spray gun and a power supply, and a powder feeding port of the powder feeder is communicated with a powder inlet pipeline of the cold spraying spray gun; a heating channel is arranged in the gas heater, and the voltage input end of the heater is electrically connected with the voltage output end of the power supply;
the laser equipment comprises a laser head and an infrared detector, the laser head and the cold spraying spray gun are simultaneously and fixedly arranged on a mechanical arm of the mobile equipment, and a powder beam sprayed by the cold spraying spray gun and a laser beam emitted by the laser head are kept to be completely or partially overlapped and then jointly converged on the surface of the part to be repaired; the infrared detector is arranged beside the laser head and used for detecting the thickness of a repairing layer on the surface of the part to be repaired;
the carrier gas supply equipment comprises a gas bottle group, a gas transmission pipeline and a control valve, wherein one end of the gas transmission pipeline is communicated with a gas supply port of the gas bottle group, the other end of the gas transmission pipeline is divided into two branch pipelines, one branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the cold spraying spray gun after passing through the gas heater, and the other branch pipeline is communicated with a gas inlet of the powder feeder; and control valves are respectively arranged on the main pipeline of the gas transmission pipeline and the branch pipelines.
10. A spray assembly according to claim 9 wherein: the nozzle of the cold spraying spray gun is a Laval nozzle.
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