AU2019101477A4 - Ultra-high-speed laser cladding process - Google Patents
Ultra-high-speed laser cladding process Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
Abstract The invention belongs to the field of laser processing, and particularly relates to an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process. The process is characterized in that the high-speed rotation of the workpiece is used to obtain the ultra-high-speed laser cladding line speed. Through the interaction of the laser and the powder, the process parameters are adjusted and matched to form a dense cladding layer on the surface of the workpiece. Compared with the traditional laser cladding efficiency, the invention improves the cladding efficiency by dozens of times, and the obtained cladding layer is a complete metallurgical combination with high surface finish, high material utilization rate, and low energy consumption, which can greatly save production costs and improve production efficiency. Derusting and cleaning of workpiece surface Load and clamp the chuck Ultra-high-speed laser cladding Subsequent machining Derusting and cleaning of workpiece surface Load and clamp the chuck \ / Ultra-high-speed laser cladding Subsequent machining Fig 1 Fig 2
Description
The invention relates to an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process and belongs to the field of laser processing.
Technical background
In the field of construction machinery, many shaft metal components have requirements on the surface for corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and require special treatment. The common treatment processes are as follows.
First, electroplating technology. This technology has a thin coating, which generally does not exceed 100 pm. Therefore, under special working conditions, it is easy to cause the entire part to fail due to local plating damage. Moreover, the bonding force between the plating layer and the substrate is weak, generally not exceeding 100 MPa, the corrosion resistance is poor, and it is easy to peel off. It also causes severe waste of resources and environmental pollution, and is an industry that urgently needs to be deconstructed.
2. Thermal spraying technology. This technology is a mechanical bond between the coating and the substrate. The bonding force is weak, generally 100 ~ 200MPa, and it is easy to peel off. Due to the large number of pores in the coating prepared by thermal spraying, it must be prepared by multilayer deposition (each layer is about 25-50 pm thick), resulting in a reduction in processing efficiency. In addition, the powder material and gas consumption are large during the processing, and the maximum material utilization rate is only about 50%.
3. Surfacing technology. Generally, the coating of this technology is relatively thick (about 2 ~ 3mm), but the parts need to be preheated, the heat input is large, and the heat-affected zone is large, which causes the parts to deform greatly and the mechanical properties to decline.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
4. Laser cladding technology, see Figure 2. This traditional technology has the advantages of high bonding strength, small amount of heat, and small deformation. It can also achieve the required cladding layer performance by adjusting the powder composition, so it has begun to be implemented in many industries. Application, but the technology has low processing efficiency, the cladding rate is generally 0.5 ~ 3m / min, the powder utilization rate is low, generally about 50%, and the laser energy is focused on the base material, and the powder is incorporated and combined by melting the base material This makes the laser energy utilization efficiency and cladding rate low. The powder is still solid particles when it is combined with the matrix material, and the surface smoothness of the finished product is poor. Due to its low efficiency and high cost, it has limited its large-scale industrial application, and it is also a bottleneck that needs to be solved urgently.
Summary of the Invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process to achieve the rapid preparation of a large-area coating in a short time, while meeting the requirements for the use of parts, and greatly improving the work efficiency. At the same time, low energy consumption and high material utilization save production costs. It should be noted that the ultra-high speed in the present invention is relative to the existing laser cladding speed, and the ultra-high speed specifically refers to a laser scanning linear speed of 25 m / min or more.
The invention discloses an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, which specifically adopts the following steps:
(1) Erase and clean the rust spots on the surface of the workpiece to be cladding with sandpaper, and clean with alcohol;
(2) Load the workpiece into the ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing machine and clamp the chuck;
(3) The alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is used as the cladding material;
2019101477 28 Nov 2019 (4) Adjust the Z direction knob of the laser cladding head, set the laser defocus amount 1 ~ 2mm, the spot size Φ1.0 ~ Φ 1.5mm; adjust the X-axis (radial of the workpiece) of the machine tool so that the powder feed head is 10 ~ 13mm away from the workpiece surface , The powder focus point is 0.2 ~ 2mm from the workpiece surface, and the powder spot size is Φ0.5 ~ 1mm;
(5) Adjust the powder feed tray rotation speed to control the powder feed amount, and the powder feed amount is set according to the thickness of the required cladding layer;
(6) Set the laser output power, adjust the spindle speed of the machine tool according to the diameter of the workpiece, set the constant laser scanning line speed on the surface, and set the feed distance of the laser cladding head per revolution in the Z direction (workpiece axis); Directional linear movement combined motion for ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing;
(7) After the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is finished, the workpiece is unloaded for subsequent machining.
It should be noted that the powder spot here refers to the shape of the convergence point of the alloy powder, and may be, for example, a circular powder spot.
Preferably, in step (2), the workpiece may be columnar, cylindrical, or disk-shaped, and a center or a bracket is used to hold the workpiece in accordance with the specific shape, weight, and size of the workpiece.
Preferably, in the step (3), the alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is characterized in that it is prepared by an inert gas atomization method, the particle size range of the powder is 15 to 45 μ m, the sphericity is 90%, and the oxygen content is = 150ppm, fluidity = 20s / 50g, hollow powder rate <1%; material is iron-based alloy or nickel-based alloy or cobalt-based alloy or metal-based composite material.
Preferably, in the step (5), the powder feeding amount is 15 to 45 g / min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 50 to 400 pm.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
Preferably, in step (6), the laser output power is 0.8 ~ 3kW, the surface constant laser scanning linear speed is 25 ~ 200m / min, and the laser cladding head feeds a distance of 0.2 in each revolution in the Z direction (the axial direction of the workpiece) ~ 1mm.
Preferably, the present invention also provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, which is characterized by including the following steps:
A small part of the laser energy is controlled to form a shallow molten pool on the upper surface of the base material, and most of the laser energy is applied to the alloy powder above the base material;
Before the alloy powder enters the molten pool, the temperature rises to the melting point and melts. The alloy powder is dropped into the molten pool in the form of droplets and combined with the matrix material.
It can be understood that, because the traditional process focuses the laser energy on the substrate material to melt the dense substrate itself, under the same laser energy, the time required to melt the substrate needs to be greatly increased, which greatly limits the The cladding speed reduces the utilization rate of the powder. On the contrary, the laser energy is cleverly applied to the alloy powder in the present invention, so that the powder is combined with the matrix material in the form of droplets instead of particles, which reduces the waste of expensive powder. The cladding speed is further improved, and higher bonding fastness and surface smoothness are obtained. Applying laser energy to the alloy powder can be achieved, for example, by controlling and adjusting the focus position of the laser energy.
Preferably, the alloy powder is dropped into the molten pool in the form of droplets to be combined with the base material, and then the base material itself is cooled and solidified.
Preferably, the focused laser beam causes more than 80% of the laser energy to act on the alloy powder.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
Preferably, the laser defocus amount is set to be 1 to 2 mm above the base material with respect to the upper surface of the base material, and the laser spot size is Φ 1.0 to Φ 1.5 mm.
Preferably, the alloy powder has a particle size range of 15 to 45 μ m, a sphericity 90%, an oxygen content = 150 ppm, a fluidity = 20s / 50g, and a hollow powder ratio <1%.
Compared with the traditional laser cladding technology, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is significantly different in principle. Its high-energy beam has a small part of its energy acting on the matrix material to form a shallow molten pool, and most of its energy is acting on the powder material Before the powder enters the molten pool, the temperature is raised to the melting point and melted, and the powder is dropped into the molten pool in the form of droplets to be combined with the matrix material, and then the matrix itself is cooled and solidified. Based on this principle, ultra-high-speed laser cladding greatly shortens the powder melting time, thereby doubling the cladding efficiency, which can generally reach more than 10 times that of traditional laser cladding.
The cladding layer prepared by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is a complete metallurgical bond, with high interface bonding strength and difficult to peel off. And the laser output power is generally lower than 3kW, the heat input is small, and the deformation is small. The powder material matched by the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process has a small particle size, high cladding head accuracy, and stable powder feeding. The powder utilization rate can reach 90%. Compared with traditional laser cladding, material waste is greatly reduced. The surface of the cladding layer prepared by ultra-high-speed laser cladding has a high surface finish, and only requires a grinding process for post-processing, which saves a turning process compared with the traditional laser cladding table.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
Description of Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steps of an ultra-high-rate laser cladding process according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of a traditional laser cladding process.
Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding hydraulic support column.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-high-speed laser cladding automobile brake disc.
Reference signs:
1—laser beam 2—powder flow 3—melt bath 4—cladding layer 5—fusion zone
6—Heat affected zone 7—Base 8—Hydraulic support column 9—Brake disc
Detailed Embodiment
The following further describes with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Referring to FIG. 1, an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is provided, which specifically adopts the following steps:
(1) Erase and clean the rust spots on the surface of the workpiece to be cladding with sandpaper, and clean with alcohol;
(2) Load the workpiece into the ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing machine and clamp the chuck;
(3) The alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is used as the cladding material;
2019101477 28 Nov 2019 (4) Adjust the Z direction knob of the laser cladding head, set the laser defocus amount 1 ~ 2mm, the spot size Φ1.0 ~ Φ 1.5mm; adjust the X-axis (radial of the workpiece) of the machine tool so that the powder feed head is 10 ~ 13mm away from the workpiece surface , The powder focus point is 0.2 ~ 2mm from the workpiece surface, and the powder spot size is Φ0.5 ~ 1mm;
(5) Adjust the powder feed tray rotation speed to control the powder feed amount, and the powder feed amount is set according to the thickness of the required cladding layer;
(6) Set the laser output power, adjust the spindle speed of the machine tool according to the diameter of the workpiece, set the constant laser scanning line speed on the surface, and set the feed distance of the laser cladding head per revolution in the Z direction (workpiece axis); Directional linear movement combined motion for ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing;
(7) After the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is finished, the workpiece is unloaded for subsequent machining.
Preferably, in step (2), the workpiece may be columnar, cylindrical, or disk-shaped, and a center or a bracket is used to hold the workpiece in accordance with the specific shape, weight, and size of the workpiece.
Preferably, in the step (3), the alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is characterized in that it is prepared by an inert gas atomization method, the particle size range of the powder is 15 to 45 μ m, the sphericity is 90%, and the oxygen content is = 150ppm, fluidity = 20s / 50g, hollow powder rate <1%; material is iron-based alloy or nickel-based alloy or cobalt-based alloy or metal-based composite material.
Preferably, in the step (5), the powder feeding amount is 15 to 45 g / min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 50 to 400 pm.
Preferably, in step (6), the laser output power is 0.8 ~ 3kW, the surface constant laser scanning linear speed is 25 ~ 200m / min, and the laser cladding head feeds a
2019101477 28 Nov 2019 distance of 0.2 in each revolution in the Z direction (the axial direction of the workpiece) ~ 1mm.
Referring to FIG. 3, it is shown that the laser beam 1 is focused and irradiated on the powder flow 2, a shallow molten pool 3 is formed on the substrate 7, and a fusion zone 5 and a heat affected zone 6 are formed, and finally a cladding layer 4 is formed. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology of the present invention is a new and efficient laser cladding technology. A small part of the energy of the laser beam 1 acts on the base material to form a shallow molten pool 3, and most of the energy acts on the powder material. (For example, powder flow 2), the temperature of the powder is raised to the melting point and melted before entering the molten pool 3, combined with the matrix material in the form of droplets, and then cooled and solidified by the matrix 7 itself. Since it is not necessary to form a deeper molten pool 3 on the surface of the substrate, compared with the traditional laser cladding technology, the laser energy consumption is significantly reduced, and the working efficiency is also improved by dozens or even hundreds of times. The extremely high solidification rate of the powder droplets prevents the cladding layer 3, that is, the coating layer from being substantially oxidized during the preparation process, ensuring the performance of the coating layer.
Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 4-5, it is shown that the present invention is applied to the hydraulic support upright 8 and the automobile brake disc 9.
Embodiment 2
The invention also provides an ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, which is characterized by including the following steps:
A small part of the laser energy is controlled to form a shallow molten pool 3 on the upper surface of the base material, and most of the laser energy is applied to the alloy powder above the base material;
Before the alloy powder enters the molten pool 3, the temperature rises to the melting point and melts, and the alloy powder is dropped into the molten pool 3 in the form of droplets to be combined with the matrix material.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
It can be understood that, because the traditional process focuses the laser energy on the substrate material to melt the dense substrate itself, under the same laser energy, the time required to melt the substrate needs to be greatly increased, which greatly limits the The cladding speed reduces the utilization rate of the powder. On the contrary, the laser energy is cleverly applied to the alloy powder in the present invention, so that the powder is combined with the matrix material in the form of droplets instead of particles, which reduces the waste of expensive powder. The cladding speed is further improved, and higher bonding fastness and surface smoothness are obtained. Applying laser energy to the alloy powder can be achieved, for example, by controlling and adjusting the focus position of the laser energy.
Preferably, the alloy powder is dripped into the molten pool 3 in the form of droplets and is combined with the base material to rely on the base material itself to cool and solidify.
Preferably, the focused laser beam 1 causes more than 80% of the laser energy to act on the alloy powder. It can be understood that, for example, more than 60% of laser energy can be applied to the alloy powder.
Preferably, the laser defocus amount is set to be 1 to 2 mm above the base material with respect to the upper surface of the base material, and the laser spot size is Φ 1.0 to Φ 1.5 mm.
Preferably, the alloy powder has a particle size range of 15 to 45 μ m, a sphericity 90%, an oxygen content = 150 ppm, a fluidity = 20s / 50g, and a hollow powder ratio <1%.
Compared with the traditional laser cladding technology, the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is significantly different in principle. Its high-energy beam has a small part of its energy acting on the base material to form a shallower molten pool 3, and most of its energy is acting on the powder. On the material, the temperature of the powder is raised to the melting point and melted before entering the molten pool 3, and the powder is dropped into the molten pool 3 in the form of droplets to be combined with the matrix material, and then the matrix itself is cooled and solidified.
2019101477 28 Nov 2019
Based on this principle, ultra-high-speed laser cladding greatly shortens the powder melting time, thereby doubling the cladding efficiency, which can generally reach more than 10 times that of traditional laser cladding.
Embodiment 3
This example uses a columnar part as an example to explain the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process of the present invention. The base material of the workpiece is 27SiMn, and the size is 100 mm in diameter x 1000 mm in length.
An ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, specifically using the following steps:
(1) Erase and clean the rust spots on the surface of the workpiece to be cladding with sandpaper, and clean with alcohol;
(2) Load the workpiece into the ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing machine and clamp it with a chuck and a center;
(3) The alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is used as the cladding material. The mass percentages of the alloy components are: Cr 16.0% to 18.0%, Ni 10.0% to 14.0%, Mo 2.0% to 3.0%, and Mn <2.0%. C<0.03%, Si<1.0%, P< 0.045%, S^0.03%, and the rest are Fe; powder particle size range is 15 ~ 45 μ m, sphericity 90%, oxygen content = 150ppm, flowability = 20s / 50g , Hollow powder rate <1%;
(4) Adjust the Z direction knob of the laser cladding head, set the laser defocus amount to 2mm, and the spot size to Φ 1.0mm; adjust the X axis of the machine tool (workpiece radial direction) so that the powder feed head is 11 mm away from the workpiece surface and the powder focus point is 1.0 away from the workpiece surface mm, powder spot size is <b0.8mm;
(5) Adjust the rotation speed of the powder feeder of the powder feeder to 5.5 r / min, the powder feeding amount to 18 g / min, and the thickness of the required cladding layer to be 150 pm;
2019101477 28 Nov 2019 (6) Set the laser output power to 1.5kW, set a constant surface laser scanning line speed of 50m / min, set the laser cladding head to feed a distance of 0.5mm per revolution in the Z direction (workpiece axis); the high-speed rotation of the spindle and the laser head Z Directional linear movement combined motion for ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing;
(7) After the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is finished, the workpiece is unloaded and placed in a grinding machine for grinding.
The performance test of the obtained cladding layer reached the following indicators:
After non-destructive testing, the cladding layer has no cracks; the hardness of the cladding layer is more than 45HRC, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is more than 500MPa; the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer is rated according to the national standard GB T6461-2002.
Embodiment 4
In this example, a disc-shaped part is taken as an example to explain the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process of the present invention. The base material of the workpiece is gray cast iron 250, and the size is 280 mm x 30 mm in diameter.
An ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, specifically using the following steps:
(1) Erase and clean the rust spots on the surface of the workpiece to be cladding with sandpaper, and clean with alcohol;
(2) Load the workpiece into the ultra-high speed laser cladding processing machine and clamp it with a chuck;
(3) The alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is used as the cladding material. The mass percentage of the alloy composition is: C 0.6% ~ 1.0%, Cr 14.0% ~ 17.0%, Fe^ 15.0%, Si 3.0% ~ 4.5%, B 2.5% ~ 4.5%, the rest is Ni; powder particle size range is 15 ~ 45 μ m, sphericity 90%, oxygen content = 150ppm, fluidity = 20s / 50g, hollow powder rate <1%;
2019101477 28 Nov 2019 (4) Adjust the Z direction knob of the laser cladding head, set the laser defocus amount 1mm, the spot size Φ 1.0mm; adjust the X-axis of the machine tool (workpiece radial) so that the powder feed head is 11.5mm away from the workpiece surface and the powder focus point is away from the workpiece surface 1.5mm, powder spot size is <b0.8mm;
(5) Adjust the rotation speed of the powder feeder of the powder feeder to 6.5 r / min, the amount of powder to be fed is 23 g / min, and the thickness of the required cladding layer is 200 pm;
(6) Set the laser output power to 1.6kW, set a constant surface laser scanning line speed of 75m / min, set the laser cladding head to feed a distance of 0.45mm per revolution in the Z direction (workpiece axis); the high-speed rotation of the spindle and the laser head Z Directional linear movement combined motion for ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing;
(7) After the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is finished, the workpiece is unloaded and placed in a grinding machine for grinding.
The performance test of the obtained cladding layer reached the following indicators:
After non-destructive testing, the cladding layer has no cracks; the hardness of the cladding layer is above 55HRC, the dilution rate of the cladding layer is <1%, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and the substrate is above 400MPa.
Claims (10)
- (1) Erase and clean the rust spots on the surface of the workpiece to be cladding with sandpaper, and clean with alcohol;1. An ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, characterized in that the steps of the process include:
- 2. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding process according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step (2), the workpiece is columnar, cylindrical or disc-shaped, and a tip or holder is used according to the specific shape, weight, and size of the workpiece The rack fits with the chuck.2019101477 28 Nov 2019(2) Load the workpiece into the ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing machine and clamp the chuck;
- 3. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding process according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is prepared by an inert gas atomization method, and the particle size range is 15 ~ 45 P m, sphericity 90%, oxygen content = 150ppm, fluidity = 20s / 50g, hollow powder rate <1%; material is iron-based alloy or nickel-based alloy or cobalt-based alloy or metal-based composite material.(3) The alloy powder for ultra-high-speed laser cladding is used as the cladding material;
- 4. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the powder feed amount is 15 to 45 g / min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 50 to 400 pm.(4) Adjust the Z direction knob of the laser cladding head, set the laser defocus amount 1 ~ 2mm, the spot size Φ1.0 ~ Φ 1.5mm; adjust the X-axis (radial of the workpiece) of the machine tool so that the powder feed head is 10 ~ 13mm away from the workpiece surface , The powder focus point is 0.2 ~ 2mm from the workpiece surface, and the powder spot size is Φ0.5 ~ 1mm;
- 5. The ultra-high-speed laser cladding process according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the laser output power is 0.8 to 3 kW, the surface constant laser scanning linear velocity is 25 to 200 m / min, and the laser The feeding distance of the cladding head in the Z direction (workpiece axis) is 0.2 ~ 1mm per revolution.(5) Adjust the powder feed tray rotation speed to control the powder feed amount, and the powder feed amount is set according to the thickness of the required cladding layer;
- 6. An ultra-high-speed laser cladding process, comprising the following steps:A small part of the laser energy is controlled to form a shallow molten pool on the upper surface of the base material, and most of the laser energy is applied to the alloy powder above the base material;Before the alloy powder enters the molten pool, the temperature rises to the melting point and melts. The alloy powder is dropped into the molten pool in the form of droplets and combined with the matrix material.The process according to claim 6, further comprising the step of dropping the alloy powder into the molten pool in the form of droplets and combining with the base material, and relying on the base material to cool and solidify.(6) Set the laser output power, adjust the spindle speed of the machine tool according to the diameter of the workpiece, set the constant laser scanning line speed on the surface, and set the feed distance of the laser cladding head per revolution in the Z direction (workpiece axis); Directional linear movement combined motion for ultra-high-speed laser cladding processing;
- (7) After the ultra-high-speed laser cladding process is finished, the workpiece is unloaded for subsequent machining.
- 8. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that the laser beam is focused so that more than 80% of the laser energy is applied to the alloy powder.
- 9. The process according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a laser defocus amount is set above the base material with respect to the upper surface of the base material by 1 to 2 mm, and a laser spot size is Φ 1.0 to Φ 1.5 mm.2019101477 28 Nov 2019
- 10. The process according to claim 9, characterized in that the alloy powder has a particle size range of 15 to 45 μ m, a sphericity 90%, an oxygen content = 150 ppm, a fluidity = 20s / 50g, and a hollow powder ratio <1%.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111676477A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-18 | 武汉飞能达激光技术有限公司 | Ultrahigh-speed laser-induction composite cladding method and device |
| CN111676479A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 长沙卡邦超硬材料科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant iron-based high-speed laser cladding coating material and application |
| CN113097581A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Laser remanufacturing method for power lithium battery of heavy-load equipment |
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 AU AU2019101477A patent/AU2019101477A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111676477A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-18 | 武汉飞能达激光技术有限公司 | Ultrahigh-speed laser-induction composite cladding method and device |
| CN111676477B (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2023-03-17 | 武汉飞能达激光技术有限公司 | Ultrahigh-speed laser-induction composite cladding method and device |
| CN111676479A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-18 | 长沙卡邦超硬材料科技有限公司 | Wear-resistant iron-based high-speed laser cladding coating material and application |
| CN113097581A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Laser remanufacturing method for power lithium battery of heavy-load equipment |
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