JPH11267857A - Friction joining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To quicken a cooling velocity of a friction face so as to stabilize a structure, and join even a material of easy-to-oxidize member without generating the strong oxidation reaction by covering opposing faces of two members, at least one of which is rotated, with liquid. SOLUTION: Overlaying can be performed by using a cladding material as one of members. The liquid used for this device comprises water, and the non-heating property liquid with soft viscosity such as oil and the like at a seawater area. The cladding material 3 is pressurized and pressed to a base material 2 while a rotation means 30 and a rotation displacement prevention means 40 are inserted and the tip of the cladding material 3 is abutted to the surface of the base material 2 provided to a worktable 50 having a XY direction driving device 51, so that the base material 2 and the tip part of the cladding material 3 are fully dipped in the water 61 inside a vessel 60. Then, when a pulley 32 is rotated at high velocity, the cladding material 3 is softened by the friction heat so as to form a cladded layer 6 on the surface of the base material 2. Further, it may be possible to overlay the butt portion of two base materials covered with the liquid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a joining method by friction welding and a cladding method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method of surface modification such as providing good heat resistance and abrasion resistance to the surface of a base material to provide good magnetic properties, a linear member having a predetermined length protruding from a chuck member has been used. Alternatively, the cladding material softened by frictional heat by pressing the rod-shaped cladding material against the substrate while rotating or vibrating, and sliding the cladding material relative to the substrate surface in the pressed state. 2. Description of the Related Art A build-up method for forming a build-up layer on a substrate surface using a material is known.

However, since the overlay material is pressed against the surface of the base material, there is a problem of bending and buckling of the overlay material, and the amount of projection from the chuck member cannot be increased.
For this reason, the length and area in which the overlaying can be performed at one time are limited, and when overlaying over a wide area, re-chucking of the overlaying material and positioning with the base material are required. He had to do many things such as fixing. As a result, the work is complicated and troublesome, and the work is time-consuming due to repeated interruptions.

[0004] Therefore, there has been known a cladding material suitable for such a method and an apparatus capable of continuously cladding over a long distance and a large area without requiring such complicated and troublesome work. (See JP-A-5-146882).

[0005]

However, in friction welding including the above-mentioned overlay welding, the composition of the joint surface and the base material near the joint surface is coarsened due to the thermal influence of the joint surface, or the joint surface is completely removed from the atmosphere. Because it is difficult to seal, particularly when a metal that is easily oxidized is friction-welded, the joint surface reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere due to frictional heat, and a strong oxidation reaction occurs, so that sound welding cannot be performed.

In view of the foregoing, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has a frictional joining method which has a small thermal effect on a joining surface and a base material in the vicinity thereof, seals the atmosphere of the joining surface and does not cause a strong oxidation reaction. An object of the present invention is to provide a cladding method using the same.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention According to the first invention of the present application, at least one of the two rotating members is joined by frictional heat generated by bringing the opposing surfaces relatively close to each other and pressing them. The friction joining method described above is characterized in that at least the opposing surface is covered with a liquid.

According to the first aspect of the invention, in friction welding, the frictional heat generated between the members is rapidly absorbed by the liquid covering the friction surface, and the cooling rate of the portion heated by the frictional heat is increased, so that the heat is increased. A certain organization is obtained with few affected parts. Further, even a metal whose member is easily oxidized can be joined without causing a strong oxidation reaction by cooling and sealing the liquid.

Further, when one of the members of the first invention of the present application is made of a build-up material, a build-up welding having the same excellent effect as described above can be performed. Further, the second invention of the present application is directed to a build-up in which a front end portion is formed into a cylinder or a column with a length substantially equal to or less than a plate thickness of the base material at a butted portion of the two base materials butted with each other. A joining method for joining the butted portions by rotating the material and pressing it against the butted portion, and moving the material relative to the substrate surface in the pressed state, wherein at least the joined portion is made of a liquid. It is characterized by being covered.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to perform overlay welding on the side face, particularly the end face, of the base material to obtain the effect of the first aspect. Further, the above effects can be further enhanced by using the liquid of the first invention and the second invention as a soft viscous and non-heatable solution such as water, seawater or oil. That is, the cooling rate of the bonding surface becomes constant, the structure of the bonding layer becomes constant, and the heat-affected portion of the member or the base material around the bonding surface can be reduced.

It is obvious that the friction joining of the present invention is effective for joining members permanently installed in a liquid such as water or seawater.

[0012]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the first embodiment of the present invention, a build-up material is friction-bonded to the upper surface of a base material. FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of a cladding apparatus used in the embodiment of the invention. FIG.
FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating a main part of the rotation shift preventing member as viewed from below.

As shown in FIG. 1, a cladding apparatus 1 includes a base 1
0, pressing means 20, rotating means 30, rotation preventing means 40, work table 50 and seal tank 60. The base 10 includes a vertical base 11 having a rectangular plane, a mounting base 12 mounted on an upper end of the vertical base 11, and a horizontal base 13 at a lower end. Further, a horizontal base 14 having an opening 15 at the center of the vertical base 11 is provided.

Further, the pressing means 20 is provided with a cylinder 21 so that the overlay material 3 can be pressed or sent out downward of the vertical base 11 against the mounting base 12. In addition, the rotating means 30 includes a pulley 32 and a spindle 33 below the horizontal base 14 via a tapered bearing 31.
Are mounted rotatably with their axes aligned in this order.
A drive source (not shown) for rotational drive is connected to the pulley 32.

The rotation deviation preventing means 40 is mounted on the lower surface of the spindle 33 so as to be aligned with the axis of the rotating member 30. As shown in FIG. A hole 42 for preventing rotation of the material 3 is provided. Each corner 4 of the overlay material 3 is chamfered.

Returning to FIG. 1, the work table 50
Is provided above the horizontal base 13. The work table 50 is provided with an XY direction drive device 51 below. The seal tank 60 contains water 61 and maintains a water level at which at least the opposing surfaces of the substrate 2 and the overlay material 3 can be immersed.

Next, a method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. A total of three levels, two levels when the overlay is performed in water at a temperature of 15 ° C., and two levels when the overlay is performed in water at a temperature of 80 ° C., and a conventional example when performed in air. About.

(When Overlaying is Performed in Water at a Temperature of 15 ° C.) Material: SUS440C, Shape: Overlay material 3 having a length of 1000 mm and chamfered corners of a 20 mm square piece is placed in a water tank 60 as shown in FIG. Rotating means 3 so that the base 2 and the tip of the overlay material 3 are sufficiently immersed in water 61 at a temperature of 15 ° C.
0, the rotation shift preventing means 40 is inserted, and the tip of the overlay material 3 is brought into contact with the surface of the base material 2 provided on the work table 50. The material 2 is pressed at a pressure of 6 ton / Cm ² .

Next, pulley 32 is set at 600 to 800 rpm.
When the cladding material 3 is rotated while being pressed at the number of rotations as shown by the arrow, the cladding material 3 softened by frictional heat is rotated.
Thereby, the buildup layer 6 is formed on the surface of the base material 2. Also, 1m
The work table 50 was moved at a speed of m / sec.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a comparison of the hardness depending on the difference in the atmosphere of the friction overlay. As shown by the squares in FIG.
The hardness on the side was stable from the surface to the inner surface, and a hardness of about 200 (HV) was obtained with a Vickers hardness tester. Also,
The build-up layer 6 also extends from the substrate 2 side to about 0.6 mm.
A hardness of approximately 800 (HV) was obtained. The overlay 6
Was approximately 600 (HV).

In this case, almost no burrs appeared on the surface of the build-up layer 6. (When the cladding is performed in water at a temperature of 80 ° C) The cladding is performed in water at a temperature of 80 ° C in the same procedure as described above. FIG.
As shown by black triangles, the hardness of the substrate 2 side was stable from the surface toward the inner surface, and a hardness of about 200 (HV) was obtained. In addition, a hardness of approximately 800 (HV) was obtained in the buildup layer 6 from the base material 2 side to 0.3 mm from the buildup layer 6 side. In addition,
Thus, the hardness gradually decreases toward the surface of the buildup layer 6.

In this case, only small burrs appeared on the surface of the build-up layer 6. (When the cladding is performed in the atmosphere) The cladding is performed in the same procedure as above in the air. As shown by a mark in FIG. 3, the hardness of the substrate 2 side shows a mountain-like hardness from the bonding interface to an inner surface of approximately −0.6 mm, and the hardness gradually decreases toward the inside. . Also, on the build-up layer 6 side, a hardness of approximately 700 (HV) was obtained in the build-up layer 6 from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm from the base material 2 side. It should be noted that the hardness decreases to approximately 530 (HV) as soon as it reaches the surface of the buildup layer 6.

In this case, a plurality of large burrs appeared on the surface of the build-up layer 6. From this, it is less likely that the cladding in water has a smaller thermal effect on the substrate 2 side than the cladding in the atmosphere,
Hardness can be obtained by stabilizing the build-up layer 6. Also,
When the cladding is performed in water at a temperature of 15 ° C., the hardness of the cladding layer 6 can be constantly obtained over a large layer thickness from the contact interface by performing the cladding in water at a temperature of 80 ° C. rather than in water at a temperature of 80 ° C. .

The friction build-up is a build-up in a molten state due to frictional heat, so that the frictional heat generated between the build-up material 3 and the base material 2 is reduced by the build-up material 3, the build-up layer 6, and the base material. 2. Dispensed into the sealing solution. Therefore, the heat balance changes depending on the heat capacity of the substrate 2. In the case of the hardfacing material 3 which is difficult to balance in terms of calorific value, the hardfacing condition changes due to the heat capacity of the hardfacing material 3 in particular. Therefore, since the cladding is performed in the water 61, a large amount of heat to be distributed to the water 61 is given, so that the friction cladding that reduces the heat capacity given to the base material 2 becomes possible.

Further, since the amount of heat distributed to the water 61 is increased, the build-up layer 6 is rapidly cooled, so that the generation of burrs 7 is reduced and the fixing efficiency of the build-up layer 6 is improved. In addition, the overlay 6
Is constant, and the structure of the build-up layer 6 is constant.
Further, the heat-affected portion of the substrate 2 is reduced.

Further, since the build-up layer 6 is sealed with the water 61, even a metal which is easily oxidized can be prevented from being oxidized. In addition, the cladding layer 6 may be rapidly cooled with a non-heatable material having soft viscosity such as seawater or oil other than water.

Next, an embodiment of the second invention will be described.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, a build-up material is friction-bonded to an end face of a base material. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a main part of a cladding apparatus used in the embodiment of the invention based on claim 3. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of a non-consumable overlay material. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing an outline of the overlay bonding.

As shown in FIG. 4, the overlay 70 comprises a base 10, a pressing means 20, a rotating means 34, a support means 36 for the overlay material, a work table 50 and a seal tank 6.
0. The base 10 includes a vertical base 11 having a rectangular plane, a mounting base 12 mounted on an upper end of the vertical base 11, and a horizontal base 13 at a lower end. A motor mount 16 is provided at an intermediate portion of the vertical base 11.

The pressing means 20 is provided with a cylinder 21 so that the overlay material 3 can be sent out to the mounting base 12 downward of the vertical base 11. The rotating means 34 has a motor 35 mounted on the mounting base 16 via a linear way 17 having a linear bearing slidable downward.

The supporting means 36 for the overlay material is provided with a claw 38 and a chuck 37 on a rotating means 35. Aquarium 60
Inside, a work table 50 is provided, and two base materials 2a and 2b are arranged on the work table 50.

As shown in FIG. 5, the build-up material 3 has a cylindrical consumable portion 3b positioned on the center line of the cylindrical non-consumable portion 3a. Other structures are the same as those of the first embodiment of the present invention.

Next, a method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Two substrates 2a and 2b are arranged in water 61 at a temperature of about 15 ° C. in a water tank 60, and a non-contact member formed of a tungsten material at the abutting portion of the two substrates 2a and 2b as shown in FIG. The cladding material 3 attached to the consumable portion 3a by abutting a Ti alloy as the consumable portion 3b is rotated at 1000 rpm, and the cladding material 3 is lowered in the direction of arrow A as shown in FIG. At the peripheral surface of the consumable part 3b,
The work table 50 is moved to the build-up material 3 side and pressed against the joining portion (surface) of the base materials 2a and 2b against the consumable part 3b, and the base material 3 is moved to 1 mm / s while performing the end face build-up by frictional heat.
It moves in the direction of arrow B at the speed of ac.

In this case, since the overlay material 3 has a stepped shape, the descent stops at the stepped portions on the upper surfaces of the base materials 2a and 2b. Then, it is only pressed against the end face of the base material. As a result, overlay bonding can be performed without causing a strong oxidizing action at the overlay bonding portion. Therefore, no burrs appeared.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various embodiments can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in the embodiments of the present invention, water is used as the sealing solution, but any solution having a soft viscosity and being non-heatable can be applied. In addition, since it is built up in the sealing solution, it can be applied to friction build-up of Al, Zn, etc. other than Ti which is easily oxidized.

Although the cladding material according to the embodiment of the second invention has been described as having a columnar shape, it may have a cylindrical shape.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a main part of a cladding device according to an embodiment of the first invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a main part of the rotation displacement preventing member according to the first embodiment, viewed from below.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a comparison of hardness according to a difference in a friction overlay atmosphere according to the embodiment of the first invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a main part of a cladding device used in the embodiment of the second invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of the overlay material according to the embodiment of the second invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the general condition of the overlay welding according to the embodiment of the second invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 70: cladding device, 2, 2a, 2b: base material, 3: cladding material, 20: pressing means, 30, 34: rotating means, 6
1 ... water.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A friction joining method for joining by frictional heat generated by pressing and bringing opposed surfaces of two members, at least one of which rotates, closer to each other, wherein at least the opposed surfaces are covered with a liquid. A friction joining method. 2. One of the two members is a build-up material,
2. The friction joining method according to claim 1, wherein the overlay welding is performed. 3. A cladding material whose front end is formed into a cylinder or a column with a length substantially equal to or less than the plate thickness of the base material is rotated at the butted portion of the two base materials butted. A joining method of joining the butted portions by pressing against the butted portion and moving the same relative to the substrate surface in the pressed state, wherein at least the joined portion is covered with a liquid A friction joining method characterized by the above-mentioned. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is a non-heatable solution having a soft viscosity.